Gas exchange, growth and quality of guava seedlings under salt stress and salicylic acid

Xavier, Adnelba Vitória Oliveira; Lima, Geovani Soares de; Gheyi, Hans Raj; Silva, André Alisson Rodrigues da; Soares, Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos; Lacerda, Cassiano Nogueira de

doi:10.4136/ambi-agua.2816

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ARTICLES • Rev. Ambient. Água 17 (3) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2816 copy

Gas exchange, growth and quality of guava seedlings under salt stress and salicylic acid

Trocas gasosas, crescimento e qualidade de mudas de goiabeira sob estresse salino e ácido salicílico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Guava is a popular Brazilian fruit that is widely produced in Northeastern Brazil, a region with water sources that commonly have high concentrations of salts. Thus, searching for techniques that allow the management of these waters is extremely important for the expansion of irrigated agriculture. In this context, salicylic acid is a phytohormone that can contribute to reducing the effects of salt stress on plants. Given the above, this study evaluated the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid at different concentrations in the mitigation of salt stress on gas exchange, growth, and quality of 'Paluma' guava seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in Campina Grande - PB, Brazil, using a randomized block design in a 5 × 5 factorial arrangement, corresponding to five levels of electrical conductivity of water (0.6, 1.5, 2.4, 3.3, and 4.2 dS m^-1) and five concentrations of salicylic acid (0 - Control; 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, and 3.2 mM), with four replicates and two plants per plot. Foliar application of salicylic acid at a concentration of up to 1.4 mM reduced the deleterious effects of salt stress on the instantaneous water use efficiency of 'Paluma' guava seedlings at 180 days after sowing. The concentrations of salicylic acid applied via foliar did not mitigate the harmful effects of irrigation water salinity on the growth and quality of 'Paluma' guava seedlings.

Keywords:
Abiotic stress; Psidium guajava L.; water scarcity

Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais em Bacias Hidrográficas Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais em Bacias Hidrográficas (IPABHi), Estrada Mun. Dr. José Luis Cembranelli, 5000, Taubaté, SP, Brasil, CEP 12081-010 - Taubaté - SP - Brazil
E-mail: ambi.agua@gmail.com

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[1] ^*Corresponding author: Geovani Soares de Lima, e-mail: geovanisoareslima@gmail.com

Chemical characteristics
pH (H₂O)	OM	P	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	H⁺
(1:2.5)	(g dm^-3)	(mg dm^-3)	cmol_c kg^-1
6.50	8.10	79.00	0.24	0.51	14.90	5.40	0.00	0.90
Chemical characteristics				Physical characteristics
EC_se (dS m^-1)	CEC (cmol_c kg^-1)	SAR_se (mmol L^-1)^0.5	ESP	Particle-Size Fraction (g kg^-1)			Moisture (dag kg^-1)
EC_se (dS m^-1)	CEC (cmol_c kg^-1)	SAR_se (mmol L^-1)^0.5	ESP	Sand	Silt	Clay	FC¹	PWP²
2.15	21.44	0.16	3.08	572.7	100.7	326.6	25.91	12.96

Source of variation	DF	Mean squares
Source of variation	DF	gs	Ci	A	E	CEi	WUEi
Salinity level (SL)	4	0.004^**	4094.12^*	7.04^*	1.30^**	0.000248^**	0.98^ns
Linear regression	1	0.009^**	10522.22^*	2.90^ns	3.25^**	0.000165^*	1.91^ns
Quadratic regression	1	0.004^**	1487.14^ns	13.37^*	1.35^**	0.000477^**	1.38^ns
Salicylic acid (SA)	4	0.001^ns	2427.70^ns	0.49^ns	0.06^ns	0.000016^ns	0.53^ns
Linear regression	1	0.000^ns	582.60^ns	0.00^ns	0.21^ns	0.000014^ns	0.24^ns
Quadratic regression	1	0.002^*	6528.32^*	0.68^ns	0.01^ns	0.000008^ns	1.21^ns
Interaction (SL X SA)	16	0.001^ns	1181.05^ns	2.41^ns	0.14^*	0.000078^**	1.99^*
Blocks	3	0.001^*	3901.04^ns	1.83^ns	0.04^ns	0.000054^ns	1.55^ns
Residue	72	0.000	1653.02	2.33	0.07	0.000027	1.01
CV %		38.63	14.64	48.10	21.92	38.39	39.14

Source of variation	DF	Mean squares
Source of variation	DF	RGR_PH	RGR_SD	RGR_LA	LDM	StDM	RDM	TDM	DQI
Salinity levels (SL)	4	0.000014^**	0.000047^**	0.000082^*	34.70^**	44.22^**	43.50^**	362.98^**	3.09^**
Linear regression	1	0.000019^*	0.000174^**	0.000232^**	137.35^**	173.99^**	671.79^**	1407.20^**	11.47^**
Quadratic regression	1	0.000000^ns	0.000001^ns	0.000008^ns	0.15^ns	1.39^ns	31.10^**	18.36^ns	0.47^**
Salicylic acid (SA)	4	0.000005^ns	0.000003^ns	0.000052^ns	2.43^ns	2.27^ns	0.66^*	14.04^*	0.07^*
Linear regression	1	0.000001^ns	0.000011^*	0.000132^*	0.65^ns	2.84^ns	2.02^ns	10.12^ns	0.01^ns
Quadratic regression	1	0.000017^*	0.000001^ns	0.000067^ns	4.89^**	1.54^ns	7.51^**	22.88^*	0.24^**
Interaction (SL X SA)	16	0.000002^ns	0.000003^ns	0.000043^ns	1.06^ns	0.69^ns	0.33^ns	4.29^ns	0.03^ns
Blocks	3	0.000024^**	0.000062^**	0.000025^**	4.77^**	14.07^**	1.13^**	25.77^**	0.01^ns
Residue	72	0.000004	0.000002	0.000025	1.09	1.02	0.24	4.19	0.02
CV %		14.81	17.00	30.11	24.51	24.68	18.70	20.20	19.25