Reliability analysis as a support tool for projects focusing on non-potable uses of treated wastewater in steel industries

Carvalho, Clara Bandeira de; Pereira, Erlon Lopes; Santos, André Bezerra dos

doi:10.4136/ambi-agua.2781

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

ARTICLES • Rev. Ambient. Água 17 (1) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2781 copy

Reliability analysis as a support tool for projects focusing on non-potable uses of treated wastewater in steel industries

Análise de confiabilidade como ferramenta de apoio para projetos focando em usos não potáveis de águas residuárias tratadas em indústrias de Siderurgia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In a scenario of increasingly frequent water crises, the use of treated wastewater is an important water management tool, with quality standards being developed worldwide to ensure safety in such practices. In this context, it is necessary to guarantee the reliability of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Reliability has been used to predict the probability of reaching the established standards or determine the design concentrations required to achieve them. This study associated the reliability concept with the study of WWTP in the steel industry, focusing on water use. The method developed by Niku et al. (1979)NIKU, S.; SCHROEDER, E. D.; SAMANIEGO, F. J. Performance of activated sludge processes and reliability-based design. Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), v. 51, n. 12, p. 2841- 2857, 1979. and used by Oliveira and Von Sperling (2008)OLIVEIRA, S. M. A. C.; VON SPERLING, M. Reliability analysis of wastewater treatment plants. Water Research, v. 42, p. 1182-1194, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.09.001
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.09... was used to determine the coefficient of reliability, the mean project concentrations, and the percentage of compliance with the parameters required by the legislation of 3 WWTPs that treat industrial effluents and 1 WWTP that treats sanitary effluent. The percentages of compliance with legislation for most parameters were equal to or close to 100%, indicating an excellent performance of the 4 WWTPs, which could even allow the adoption of even higher levels of reliability. Therefore, the reliability studies together with a modeling of the contaminants’ dispersion in the soil proved to be a very interesting approach for projects related to non-potable uses of treated wastewater in steel industries.

Keywords:
reliability; soil disposal; water reuse

Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais em Bacias Hidrográficas Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais em Bacias Hidrográficas (IPABHi), Estrada Mun. Dr. José Luis Cembranelli, 5000, Taubaté, SP, Brasil, CEP 12081-010 - Taubaté - SP - Brazil
E-mail: ambi.agua@gmail.com

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] ^*Corresponding author: Clara Bandeira de Carvalho, e-mail: clarabcarvalho1@gmail.com

WWTP	Name	Wastewater origin	Treatment process
Plate cooling	WWTP 1	Plate cooling	Reaction tank and thickener for clarification and removal of fluorides
Raw material yard	WWTP 2	Raw material yard	Equalization, coagulation/sedimentation, and sand filters
Principal	WWTP 3	Multiple siderurgy activities	Equalization, coagulation/sedimentation, and sand filters
Sanitary	WWTP 4	Sanitary wastewater	Activated sludge of extended aeration and disinfection with chlorine in a contact tank

WWTP	Statistics	Dissolved copper	Free cyanide	Total cyanide	Soluble iron	Nickel
WWTP	Statistics	mg L^-1	mg L^-1	mg L^-1	mg L^-1	mg L^-1
1	μ_x	-	-	-	0.0286	0.0044
	μ_x	-	-	-	0.0342	0.0039
	CV	-	-	-	1.20	0.89
	COR	-	-	-	0.33	0.38
	m_x	-	-	-	4.96	0.76
	P%	-	-	-	100	100
2	μ_x	0.00	0.082	0.0659	0.1187	0.00
	μ_x	0.00	0.0060	0.0667	0.0805	0.00
	CV	0.00	0.73	1.01	0.68	0.00
	COR	0.00	0.42	0.36	0.44	0.00
	m_x	0.00	0.08	0.36	6.59	0.00
	P%	100	100	100	100	100
3	μ_x	0.0017	0.0143	0.1210	0.1816	0.0037
	μ_x	0.0023	0.0123	0.0964	0.0897	0.0045
	CV	1.35	0.86	0.80	0.49	1.22
	COR	0.31	0.39	0.40	0.52	0.33
	m_x	0.31	0.08	0.40	7.76	0.66
	P%	100	100	100	100	100
Legislation limits		1	0.2	1	15	2

WWTP	Statistics	Temperature	pH	TSS	Aluminum	Nitrate	Nitrite	Zinc
WWTP	Statistics	°C	-	mg L^-1	mg L^-1	mg L^-1	mg L^-1	mg L^-1
1	μ_x	32.5	6.99	13	3.20	-	-	0.03
	μ_x	1.3	0.75	13	3.04	-	-	0.03
	CV	0.04	0.11	1.1	0.95	-	-	1.05
	COR	0.9	0.84	0.4	0.37	-	-	0.35
	m_x	37.5	-	35	3.69	-	-	1.76
	P%	100	-	99.8	96.58	-	-	100
2	μ_x	28.8	7.56	4	-	1.68	0.39	0.004
	μ_x	0.8	0.52	5	-	1.73	0.48	0.005
	CV	0.03	0.07	1	-	1.03	1.22	1.34
	COR	0.95	0.89	0.3	-	0.36	0.33	0.31
	m_x	38.1	-	32.5	-	3.55	0.33	1.57
	P%	100	-	99.99	-	99.42	92.84	100
3	μ_x	30.4	7.65	5	0.49	2.26	0.45	0.008
	μ_x	0.9	0.43	5	0.19	1.93	0.50	0.006
	CV	0.03	0.06	1.0	0.39	0.85	1.11	0.71
	COR	0.95	0.91	0.4	0.58	0.39	0.34	0.43
	m_x	38.2	-	70	5.78	3.90	0.47	2.14
	P%	100	-	99.99	100	99.14	90.88	100
Legislation limits		40	5 - 9	100	10	10⁽¹⁾	1⁽¹⁾	5

Statistics	Aluminum	Ammonia	Thermotolerant coliforms	BOD	pH	TSS	Temperature
Statistics	mg L^-1	mg L^-1	MPN 100 mL^-1	mg L^-1	-	mg L^-1	^oC
μ_x	0.15	5.65	0.37	24	7.2	18	29.9
μ_x	0.06	4.68	1.99	12	0.4	12	1.1
CV	0.42	0.83	5.40	0.5	0.1	0.7	0.04
COR	0.56	0.39	0.26	0.5	0.9	0.4	0.94
m_x	5.62	-	1320	61	-	45.0	37.7
P%	100	-	99.83	99.9	-	99.9	100
Legislation limits	10	-	5000	120	5-9	100	40