| Year Publication |
Title of the article |
Methodology |
Result found |
| 2010 |
Influence of changes in the water balance of the Western Amazon |
Calculation of water balance and estimation of climatic indices using the methodology proposed by Thornthwaite & Mather (1957) and modified by Krishan (1980) with the calculation of potential evapotranspiration estimated by the Thornthwaite method (1948). The input variables of the model were average air temperature and monthly rainfall totals from 1961 to 2005, coming from INMET weather stations. |
In the projections made in two scenarios (A2 and B2) of the IPCC, with an increase in temperature in the order of 3.8°C and 1.3°C, respectively, there was a trend of drier climate, reduction of humidity, and reduction of river flow, which will lead to an increase in the risk of fire in the Western Amazon. |
| 2011 |
Susceptibility of the environment to occurrences of fires under current climatic conditions and future global warming |
Evaluation of atmospheric conditions favorable to the occurrence of fire by Haines Index. The calculation of the Haines Index has as input data the differences in air temperature and temperature of the dew point according to altitude. Simulations are generated in the current scenario and in a global warming circumstance (IPCC scenario A1B) using the ECHAM5/MPI-OM model of the MaxPlanck Institute of Meteorology. |
The risks of fires in Brazil were found in the current situation and future scenario for the months of June to October. Currently, the risk of fire is concentrated in the Midwest and North, mainly in august; in the projection (2080-2100), in a global warming scenario, there is an increase in the size of areas exposed to fire risks, especially in the Amazon. |
| 2012 |
Mapping the risk of forest fires in the municipality of Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil |
Generation of maps of land use and cover classification and digital elevation model of the terrain and used as input variables the slope of the terrain, hydrographic network and road network. From the overlay of the maps (overlay technique), weights from 0 to 5 were assigned according to their risk potential and the degree of fire risk was categorized as null, low, moderate, high, very high and extreme. |
A forest fire risk map was generated for the municipality of Novo Mundo-MT, which indicates that 95% of the municipality area is at high risk and very high risk of fire incidence. It was found that forests near pasture areas and roads are the most susceptible to fires. |
| 2016 |
High risk of respiratory diseases in children in the fire period in Western Amazon |
Continuous monitoring of air performed hourly for measurement of fine particulate matter and ozone. The 2B Tech meter was installed near the public school unit in order to monitor the quantitative pollutants present in the air to which children aged 6 to 14 years are exposed. |
There was high exposure of school-age children to ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter with toxicological risk during the dry season in the city of Rio Branco-AC, where 19% of the children presented asthma. The pollutants present in the air come from the burning of forest biomass and their high concentration occurs mainly during the dry season, when the volume of fires increases. |
| 2017 |
Use of orbital data from heat foci to characterize forest fire risk and prioritize areas for decision making |
Crossing the records of heat foci captured from 2000 to 2014 by different satellites with data of land structure of the State of Acre. With this, they obtained information about areas that burn the most and when they burn, categorized by land structure of occurrence. |
A fire risk map was generated for the State of Acre, based on the spatial-temporal analysis of fire outbreaks recorded by different orbital sensors, in order to spatialize the risk of fire. It was found that the highest volume of heat foci was in Settlement Projects and the lowest volume occurred in Indigenous Lands. |
| 2017 |
Synergy between land use and climate change increases future fire risk in Amazon forests |
Use of the HESFIRE model parameterized for fires in the understory, in which interactions between anthropic activity and current (1990-2010) and future (scenario 2080-2100) were tested. THE HESFIRE consists of three modules: ignition, propagation and finalization and each module is adjusted according to values described in the literature and field data. The input data of the model consist of frequency of anthropic ignition of fire, land use, GDP, weather conditions, soil moisture, fuel type, fuel availability, fire suppression effort. |
Projection was carried out in two scenarios: in a scenario of low effort of change in land use and mitigation of climate change, fires in the understory of the Amazon Forest would increase by 4 to 28 times, while in a scenario of active mitigation against climate change and containment of changes in land use, the increased risk of fire would be 0.9 to 5.4 times higher than the current one. |
| 2018 |
Risk calculation and detection of fires: an analysis in the Eastern Amazon |
The calculation of the Fire Risk used in the study is that developed by INPE and is based on meteorological data. The input data of the index are precipitation, temperature of the relative humidity, use and cover of the soil in three categories (forest, agriculture and pasture) and heat foci. The risk of fire is categorized into five classes: minimal, low, medium, high and critical. The study carried out an analysis from 2000 to 2017 and considered the occurrence of the meteorological phenomena El Niño and La Niña. |
The areas with pasture concentrated 47.3% of the fire records. On the other hand, the agriculture areas centralized 32.8% of the records, while the forested areas presented 19.9% of the heat foci. It was found that the Fire Risk Index based so only on meteorological data is not suitable for use as a fire prediction index, limited to an environmental indicator. |
| 2018 |
Spatiotemporal variation in fire occurrence in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, between 2003 and 2016 |
Crossing the data of heat foci provided by INPE, recorded between 2003 and 2016 in the State of Amazonas, with data on temperature, precipitation, population density, deforested area, agricultural area and pasture areas. The data were quantified monthly and individualized by municipality of occurrence. |
The year with the lowest incidence was 2008 and the highest was in 2015. The month that registers the most outbreaks of fire is the month of September. Lábrea is the municipality with the most registered outbreaks and Japurá with the lowest record. The municipalities with a high number of heat foci also showed higher deforestation. The most affected areas are the South and East region of the State of Amazonas. |
| 2019 |
Fire hazard indices in a Cerrado-Amazon transition area |
The performance of seven fire risk indexes was evaluated: Monte Alegre Formula (FMA) and Modified Monte Alegre (FMA+), Nesterov, Telitsyn, Ängstrom, P-EVAP and EVAP/P in an Amazon-Cerrado transition area by the Skill Score method. The input data used were air temperature, humidity, rain and wind speed provided by INMET. |
Regarding the prediction of heat foci, the Telitsyn index presented 94.8% of correct answers. The Ängstrom index showed 74.7% of correct answers for non-occurrences of fires. In the general evaluation, it was found that the Ängstrom Index was the one that presented the best suitability for the Sinop-MT region, with a performance of 84.9% in the evaluation by the Skill Score. |
