Physiotherapy |
Progressive ataxia (N=16) |
Experimental study |
Intensive coordinative training improves motor performance |
Ilg et al., 200966. Ilg W, Synofzik M, Brötz D, Burkard S, Giese MA, Schöls L. Intensive coordinative training improves motor performance in degenerative cerebellar disease. Neurology. 2009 Dec 1;73(22):1823-30. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c33adf https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c3...
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Degenerative ataxia or multiple sclerosis |
Systematic review |
Intensive rehabilitation improves postural capacity and motor coordination |
Marquer et al., 201477. Marquer A, Barbieri G, Pérennou D. The assessment and treatment of postural disorders in cerebellar ataxia: a systematic review. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2014 Mar;57(2):67-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2014.01.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2014.01....
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Degenerative ataxia |
Review article |
Intensive rehabilitation improves stability and motor coordination |
Synofzik and Ilg, 201488. Synofzik M, Ilg W. Motor training in degenerative spinocerebellar disease: ataxia-specific improvements by intensive physiotherapy and exergames. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:583507. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/583507 https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/583507...
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Genetic degenerative ataxia |
Systematic review |
Coordination and balance training, multifaceted inpatient rehabilitation, cycling, balance exercises with technology assisted biofeedback, respiratory muscle training, and treadmill |
Milne et al., 201799. Milne SC, Corben LA, Georgiou-Karistianis N, Delatycki MB, Yiu EM. Rehabilitation for individuals with genetic degenerative ataxia: a systematic review. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2017 Jul 1;31(7):609-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968317712469 https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968317712469...
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Children with ataxia |
Systematic review |
Insufficient data to support or refute effectiveness of exercise and physical therapy for children with ataxia |
Hartley et al., 20191212. Hartley H, Cassidy E, Bunn L, Kumar R, Pizer B, Lane S, et al. Exercise and Physical Therapy Interventions for Children with Ataxia: A Systematic Review. Cerebellum. 2019 Oct;18(5):951-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-019-01063-z https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-019-01063...
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Outcome measures and clinical scales |
Cerebellar ataxia |
Validation |
Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) |
Trouillas et al.,19971717. Trouillas P, Takayanagi T, Hallett M, Currier RD, Subramony SH, Wessel K, et al. International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale for pharmacological assessment of the cerebellar syndrome. The Ataxia Neuropharmacology Committe e of the World Federation of Neurology. J NeurolSci. 1997 Feb 12;145(2):205-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-510X(96)00231-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-510X(96)00...
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Spinocerebellar degeneration (N=27), Spinocerebellar subtypes (N=91) |
Validation |
International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) |
Yabe et al., 20081414. Yabe I, Matsushima M, Soma H, Basri R, Sasaki H. Usefulness of the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). J Neurol Sci. 2008 Mar 15;266(1-2):164-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2007.09.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2007.09.02...
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SCA3 |
Validation |
The Neurological Examination Score for Spinocerebellar Ataxias (NESSCA) |
Kieling et al.,20082020. Kieling C, Rieder CRM, Silva ACF, Saute JAM, Cecchin CR, Monte TL, et al. A neurological examination score for the assessment of spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA3). Eur J Neurol. 2008 Apr;15(4):371-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02078.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008...
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SCA |
Validation |
SCA Functional Index (SCAFI) |
Schmitz-Hübsch et al., 20082222. Schmitz-Hübsch T, Giunti P, Stephenson DA, Globas C, Baliko L, Saccà F, et al. SCA Functional Index: a useful compound performance measure for spinocerebellar ataxia. Neurology. 2008 Aug 12;71(7):486-92. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000324863.76290.19 https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.000032486...
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Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia |
Validation |
Composite cerebellar functional severity score (CCFS) |
du Montcel et al., 20082424. Du Montcel ST, Charles P, Ribai P, Goizet C, Le Bayon A, Labauge P, et al. Composite cerebellar functional severity score: validation of a quantitative score of cerebellar impairment. Brain. 2008 May;131(5):1352-61. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn059 https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn059...
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Cerebellar ataxia |
Observational study |
Recommended outcome measures for postural disorders severity screening (BBS and TUG) |
Winser et al., 20152525. Winser SJ, Smith C, Hale LA, Claydon LS, Whitney SL. Balance outcome measures in cerebellar ataxia: a Delphi survey. Disabil Rehabil. 2015;37(2):165-70. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2014.913709 https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2014.91...
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Exergame and New Technologies |
Cerebellar ataxia |
Review |
Exergame for SCA rehabilitation |
Lanza et al., 20192828. Lanza G, Casabona JA, Bellomo M, Cantone M, Fisicaro F, Bella R, et al. Update on intensive motor training in spinocerebellar ataxia: time to move a step forward? J Int Med Res. 2020 Feb;48(2):300060519854626. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060519854626 https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060519854626...
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Friedreich’s Ataxia (N=14) |
Observational study |
Robotic devices for clinical measures and ataxia rehabilitation |
Germanotta et al., 20173939. Germanotta M, Vasco G, Petrarca M, Rossi S, Carniel S, Bertini E, et al. Robotic and clinical evaluation of upper limb motor performance in patients with Friedreich's Ataxia: an observational study. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2015 Apr 23;12:41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-015-0032-6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-015-0032-...
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Respiratory Rehabilitation |
Ataxia Telangectasia (N=11) |
Experimental study |
Inspiratory muscle training |
Felix et al., 20144242. Félix E, Gimenes AC, Costa-Carvalho BT. Effects of inspiratory muscle training on lung volumes, respiratory muscle strength, and quality of life in patients with ataxia telangiectasia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014 Mar;49(3):238-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.22828 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.22828...
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Spinocerebellar ataxias (N=30) |
Experimental study |
SCA may present restrictive pulmonary dysfunction and upper airway obstruction. |
Sriranjini et al., 20104343. Sriranjini SJ, Pal PK, Krishna N, Sathyaprabha TN. Subclinical pulmonary dysfunction in spinocerebellar ataxias 1, 2 and 3. Acta Neurol Scand. 2010 Nov;122(5):323-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01306.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009...
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Speech language therapy |
SCA 3 (N= 33) |
Observational study |
Early intervention for oral motor control, changing food viscosity and bolus volume |
Wolf 20085252. Wolf AE. Aspectos clínicos da deglutição, da fonoarticulação e suas correlações genéticas na doença de Machado-Joseph [Dissertation]. [Campinas (SP)]: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas; 2008. |
Occupational therapy |
Degenerative ataxia |
Systematic review |
For balance and coordination |
He et al., 20205656. He M, Zhang H-N, Tang Z-C, Gao S-G. Balance and coordination training for patients with genetic degenerative ataxia: a systematic review. J Neurol. 2021 Oct;268(10):3690-705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09938-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09938...
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Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (N=26) |
Experimental study |
Mood improvement |
Silva et al., 20105757. Silva RCR, Saute JAM, Silva ACF, Coutinho ACO, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Jardim LB. Occupational therapy in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: an open-label trial. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2010 Jun;43(6):537-42. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x2010005000009 https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x201000...
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