Case report of a 20 year old, white, male patient with flaccid, progressive sensorimotor paraplegia symptoms with sphincteric troubles and hyperthermia. The patient had alternative episodes of diarrhea and obstipation. A blood count showed leucocytosis and neutrophilia, and the stools examination was strongly positive for Schistosoma mansoni eggs. The patient was treated with antibiotics, vitamins, deep roentgen therapy and antimony derivatives without satisfactory results. In autopsy extensive fibrotic granulomatous schistosomotic lesions were found involving the grey matter of spinal cord, the grey commissure, and the white matter of the anterior or lateral funiculi with exclusion of the posterior funiculi. Correlations of clinical data and pathological findings are made. The problem of the clinical diagnosis and the mechanism of conveyance of S. mansoni eggs to the spinal cord are discussed.