| Effective breastfeeding |
State in which mothers and children effectively experience the breastfeeding process. Children receive breast milk directly from the breast, women perceive breast emptying. Children are satisfied after feeding; spontaneously release the breast after two or three cycles of nutritive sucking, in which breast milk extraction and swallowing are observed; normal elimination patterns and age-appropriate weight of children. There is an effective dynamic interaction between mothers-child, which necessarily involves assessment of position, attachment, effectiveness of breastfeeding, and verbal and non-verbal communication that flow between them. |
86.4 |
| Effective exclusive breastfeeding |
State in which mothers and children effectively experience the exclusive breastfeeding process in the first four to six months of life. Children exclusively receive breast milk directly from the breast, excluding all other foods, for the first four to six months of life. Women notices breast emptying; children are satisfied after feeding; spontaneously release the breast after two or three cycles of nutritive sucking, in which breast milk extraction and swallowing are observed; normal elimination patterns and age-appropriate weight of children. There is an effective dynamic interaction between mothers-child, which necessarily involves assessment of position, attachment, effectiveness of breastfeeding, and verbal and non-verbal communication that flow between them. |
70.2 |
| Improved breastfeeding |
State in which mothers and children experience improvement in the breastfeeding process in relation to the state previously assessed. Improved dynamic interaction between mothers-child and environment is observed, observable by the parameters: children suckle more effectively the breast, make proper position and latch on to the extraction of milk from the breast and consequent stimulation. |
86,4 |
| Improved exclusive breastfeeding |
State in which mothers and children experience an improvement in the exclusive breastfeeding process in relation to the previously assessed state. Improved dynamic interaction between mothers-child and environment is observed, observable by the parameters: children suckle the breast more effectively, position and latch suitable for breast milk extraction and consequent stimulation. |
81,0 |
| Impaired breastfeeding |
State in which mothers and children experience improvement in the breastfeeding process in relation to the state previously assessed. Improved dynamic interaction between mothers-child and environment is observed, observable by the parameters: children suckle more effectively the breast, make proper position and latch on to breast milk extraction and consequent stimulation. |
86,4 |
| Impaired risk for breastfeeding |
Potential of mothers and children for the development of dissatisfaction or difficulty with the breastfeeding process, related to personal, behavioral or maternal environmental characteristics, which present evidence in the literature for predisposition to risk. |
83,7 |
| Impaired risk for exclusive breastfeeding |
Potential of mothers and children for the development of dissatisfaction or difficulty with the exclusive breastfeeding process, related to personal, behavioral or maternal environmental characteristics, which present evidence in the literature for predisposition to risk. |
81,0 |
| Impaired exclusive breastfeeding |
State in which mothers and children do not effectively experience the exclusive breastfeeding process in the first four to six months of life. Women do not notice breast emptying; children is dissatisfied after feeding; they do not spontaneously release the breast after two or three cycles of nutritive sucking, in which breast milk extraction and swallowing would be observed; decreased elimination patterns and children’s weight inappropriate for their age. There is an impaired dynamic interaction between mothers-child, which involves assessment of position, latch on, ineffectiveness of breastfeeding, and verbal and non-verbal communication between them. |
75,6 |
| Women’s biological conditions |
| Breastfeeding pain |
Pain perception during the breastfeeding process, reported, observed or measured by scale, due to the presence of local trauma/infection/inflammation, incorrect latching of newborns or breast engorgement. |
97,2 |
| Improved breastfeeding pain |
Improvement of pain perception during the breastfeeding process in relation to the state previously assessed, reported, observed or measured by scale. |
94,5 |
| Breast pain |
Pain perception in one or both breasts of women, reported, observed or measured by scale, as a result of physiological, pathological or traumatic changes. |
89,1 |
| Improved breast pain |
Improvement of pain perception in one or both breasts of women in relation to the state previously assessed, reported, observed or measured by scale. |
91,8 |
| Nipple fissure |
Cracking, elongated ulceration or separation of the tissue that surrounds the body surface, accompanied by a decrease in skin elasticity and stretchability, red stretch marks, through which the dermis tissue is shown, on women’s nipples. |
83,7 |
| Improved nipple fissure |
Fissure improvement, elongated ulceration or separation of tissue surrounding the body surface from the previously assessed state. There is an improvement in skin elasticity, and a reduction in the red stretch marks, through which the dermis tissue will show in women’s nipples. |
81,0 |
| Risk for nipple fissure |
Potential for cracking, elongated ulceration or separation of the tissue that surrounds the body surface, accompanied by a decrease in skin elasticity and stretchability, red stretch marks, through which the dermis tissue is shown, in women’s nipples. |
83.7 |
| Breast engorgement |
Breast swelling, with pain and a sensation of heaviness, accompanied by excessive accumulation of milk, after the parturition process. There may be edema, lymphatic and/or vascular congestion, and hyperthermia as a result of inadequate breast emptying. |
89.1 |
| Improved breast engorgement |
Improvement in the swelling of women’s breasts after the parturition process, with relief of pain, heaviness and excessive accumulation of milk in relation to the previously assessed state. There is improvement in the signs of edema, lymphatic and/or vascular congestion and hyperthermia. |
86.4 |
| Absent breast engorgement |
Absence of swelling, pain, heaviness, hyperthermia, lymphatic and/or vascular congestion in women’s breasts after the parturition process. |
70.2 |
| Risk for breast engorgement |
Potential for the development of swelling of women’s breasts after the parturition process, as a result of inadequate breast emptying. |
94.5 |
| Effective lactation |
Process of adequate synthesis of human milk by breast mammary glands of an adult woman, containing carbohydrates, proteins, suspended fat, vitamins and minerals. |
78.3 |
| Decreased lactation |
Reduction of the process of adequate synthesis of human milk by the mammary glands of an adult woman, containing carbohydrates, proteins, suspended fat, vitamins and minerals. Observable by the parameters: women perceive the breasts as little turgid or emptied, children’s elimination patterns are decreased, and children’s weight gain is inappropriate for their age. |
78.3 |
| Increased lactation |
Increase in the process of synthesis and secretion of human milk by the mammary glands of adult women, containing carbohydrates, proteins, suspended fat, vitamins and minerals. |
72.9 |
| Improved lactation |
Improvement of the process of synthesis and secretion of human milk by the mammary glands of adult women, containing carbohydrates, proteins, suspended fat, vitamins and minerals, in relation to the previously assessed state. Observable by parameters: women perceive turgid breasts; elimination patterns are normal and children’s weight gain is age appropriate. |
72.9 |
| Children’s biological conditions |
| Effective suction |
Act of extracting breast milk from the breasts into the mouth, using the stomatognathic device, with coordination between suction, swallowing and breathing of children at the time of breastfeeding. |
891 |
| Impaired suction |
Decrease, absence or ineffectiveness of the act of extracting milk from the breasts into the mouth, using the stomatognathic apparatus. There may be a lack of coordination between children’s sucking, swallowing and breathing at the time of breastfeeding, related to personal, behavioral characteristics or the maternal environment. |
91.8 |
| Improved suction |
Improvement in the act of extracting milk from the breasts into the mouth, using the stomatognathic apparatus, in relation to the previously assessed state. There is coordination between children’s sucking, swallowing and breathing during breastfeeding. |
89.1 |
| Effective suction reflex |
Establishment of adequate affective bonding of newborns with their mothers, while sucking mothers’ breast and being nourished. The following parameters are observed in children: search and suck reflex, lip sealing, proper positioning of the tongue and jaws, coordinated rhythm between sucking, swallowing and breathing, audible swallowing for at least 5 to 10 minutes per breast, releasing areolar latch when satisfied. |
81.0 |
| Impaired sucking reflex |
Impaired affective bonding between newborn and mothers, while sucking mothers’ breast and being nourished. The following parameters can be observed in children: decrease or absence of search and suck reflex, partial or absent lip seal, inadequate positioning of the tongue and jaws, incoordination of rhythm between sucking, swallowing and breathing, little or inaudible swallowing, less than 5 to 10 minutes per breast, and areolar latch release before satisfaction. It may be related to changes in the children’s stomatognathic system. |
78.3 |
| Improved suction reflex |
Improved affective bonding between newborns and mothers, while sucking mothers’ breast and being nourished, compared to the state previously assessed. The following parameters can be observed in children: increased search and sucking reflex, effective lip sealing, proper positioning of the tongue and jaws, rhythm coordination between sucking, swallowing and breathing, audible swallowing, at least 5 to 10 minutes per breast, and areolar latch release when satisfied. |
78.3 |
| Weight within normal limits |
Adequate body weight in relation to height, resulting in satisfactory levels of body mass index. |
75.6 |
| Impaired weight |
Inadequate body weight in relation to height, resulting in unsatisfactory levels of body mass index. |
81.0 |
| Improved weight |
Improvement of the situation of inadequate body weight in relation to height. |
78.3 |
| Newborn sleepiness |
Intermediate state between sleep and wakefulness in newborns, observable by signs of little or no interactivity, yawning, blinking and semi-opening of the eyes. |
89.1 |
| Improved newborn sleepiness |
Improvement of the intermediate state between newborn sleep and wakefulness in relation to the state previously assessed. |
89.1 |
| Children’s perception of breastfeeding |
| Positive children’s perception of breastfeeding |
Conscious mental recording of sensory stimulus; awareness (or cognition) of breastfeeding sensations by children, given through the senses. Mothers sense when children are hungry; children seek the breast when smelling their mothers; stay awake and relaxed during breastfeeding; spontaneously release the breast when satiated; and remain calm and relaxed after breastfeeding. |
75.6 |
| Improved children’s perception of breastfeeding |
Improvement of the mental record previously assessed and sensorial stimulus; awareness (or cognition) of breastfeeding sensations by children, given through the senses. Mothers notice when children are hungry; children seek the breast when smelling its scent; children stay awake and relaxed during breastfeeding; spontaneously release the breast when satiated; and remain calm and relaxed after breastfeeding. |
72.9 |
| Women’s perception of breastfeeding |
| Effective capacity for breastfeeding |
Mothers’ ability to offer breast milk directly from the breast, in adequate amounts to meet children’s needs, in order to ensure effective breastfeeding. |
86.4 |
| Impaired ability to breastfeed |
Mothers’ inability to offer breast milk directly from the breast, in adequate amounts to meet children’s needs. |
86.4 |
| Improved breastfeeding ability |
Improvement of mothers’ ability to offer breast milk directly from the breast, in an adequate amount to meet children’s needs in relation to the previously assessed state. |
83.7 |
| Decreased knowledge about breastfeeding |
Women’s behavior, which presents insufficient information to deal with breastfeeding practice, and to understand the signs and symptoms involved in this act. |
81.0 |
| Women’s body image |
| Positive body image |
Positive mental image of women about their own body, in whole or in part, or their own physical appearance. It can be observed by the parameters: women report body satisfaction, have confidence in breastfeeding in public, do not show concern about breast appearance after breastfeeding and feel attractive during the breastfeeding period. |
91.8 |
| Disturbed body image |
Disturbed mental image of women about their own body, in whole or in part, or their own physical appearance. It can be observed by the parameters: women report body dissatisfaction, embarrassment in breastfeeding in public, express the idea that breastfeeding makes their breasts saggy and sagging, and feel unattractive during the breastfeeding period. |
89.1 |
| Family and social authority |
| Positive attitude towards breastfeeding |
Positive opinion about breastfeeding and the care provided to mothers and their child during this period. It is noticed that the values, background and perceptions of each member who participates in the breastfeeding process, positively influence to direct, control and change the behavior of women in relation to breastfeeding. |
94.5 |
| Conflicting attitude towards breastfeeding |
Divergent opinion about breastfeeding and the care provided to mothers and their child during this period. It is noticed that the values, background and perceptions of each member who participates in the breastfeeding process, influence women in a conflicting way, to direct, control and change their behavior in relation to breastfeeding. |
94.5 |
| Risk for conflicting attitude towards breastfeeding |
Potential for divergent opinions about breastfeeding and the care provided to mothers and their children during this period, related to the maternal environment characteristics that predispose to risk. It can be seen that values, background and perceptions of each member who participates in the breastfeeding process, influence women in a conflicting way, to direct, control and change their behavior in relation to breastfeeding. |
91.8 |
| Space for breastfeeding |
| Effective privacy for breastfeeding |
Existence of adequate and comfortable space/environment for women at the time of breastfeeding. |
83.7 |
| Lack of privacy for breastfeeding |
Lack of adequate and comfortable space/environment for women at the time of breastfeeding. |
86.4 |
| Mother role |
| Effective mother role performance in breastfeeding |
Behavior of women when they become mothers, in relation to children, for the purpose of breastfeeding. Thus, it acquires the rights and obligations of this new social position |
75.6 |
| Improved mother role performance in breastfeeding |
Improvement of the previously assessed behavior of women when they become mothers, in relation to children, for the purpose of breastfeeding. |
78.3 |
| Breastfeeding protection, promotion and support organizational systems |
| Positive family support for breastfeeding |
Presence of a support network composed of family members who positively influence breastfeeding. |
89.1 |
| Impaired family support for breastfeeding |
Presence of a support network composed of family members who negatively influence breastfeeding. |
89.1 |
| Improved family support for breastfeeding |
Improved support given to women during breastfeeding, by the support network made up of family members, in relation to the previously assessed state. |
89.1 |
| Women’s decision-making |
| Effective breastfeeding decision-making |
Dynamic and systematic process through which women choose to breastfeed among alternatives. Constructed during pregnancy and/or at each feeding. |
89.1 |
| Improved breastfeeding decision-making |
Improvement of the dynamic and systematic process through which women choose to breastfeed among the alternatives, in relation to the previously observed state. Constructed during pregnancy and/or at each feeding. |
86.4 |
ICNP® subset for breastfeeding: validity of operational definitions, diagnoses, outcomes and interventions