Gregory et al.,(1) Belgica |
29 people, 72.4% men, 46.3 years old on average |
Therapeutic massage |
No intervention |
4 |
HADS-A |
The anxiety score decreased from 8.5±2.8 to 7.0±2.9 in the IG (p=0.04); there was no effect in the CG (7.6 ± 5.1 to 7.3 ± 3.3; p= 0.67) |
Some concern |
Taylor,(12) United States |
10 men, 28-44 years old |
Program composed of muscle relaxation, electromyographic biofeedback, meditation and hypnosis relaxation |
No treatment |
10 |
IDATE |
Anxiety as a State in the IG decreased from 62.00±8.29 to 32.00±9.69 and in the CG it increased from 51.00±13.30 to 57.60±7.74. As a Trait in the IG it decreased from 55.80±6.97 to 35.80±8.44 and in the CG it increased from 46.20±6.37 to 49.20±7.39. The analysis of variance showed that the IG presented a more significant change than the CG when comparing the means from baseline to after treatment, in State Anxiety (F1.8 =15.25; p<0.01) and Trait (F1.8 = 17.34; p<0.01) |
High risk |
Burack et al.,(13) United States |
30 people, 93.5% men, average of 36.1 years old |
Pills composed of 31 Chinese herbs |
Placebo pills composed of cellulose |
12 |
Anxiety inventory Trait |
Baseline anxiety: IG=43.1±2.6 and CG=48.1±2.2. IG had a mean difference of -2.7 (95%CI -6.9-1.5) and CG -1.6 (95%CI -6.6-3.4) between baseline and week 13. There was no significant difference between the groups |
Low risk |
Weber et al.,(14) Switzerland |
68 people, 79.4% men, 35 years old on average |
Pills containing 35 Chinese herbs |
Placebo pills. |
24. |
IDATE |
State Anxiety: IG with a mean of 45 (range 31-53) before the intervention and 44 (range 34-52) after (p=0.911); CG from 44 (range 37-52) to 44 (range 39-57), p=0.80. Trait-anxiety: IG was 40 (range 32-51) to 40 (range 35-48), p=0.627; CG from 42 (range 30-49) to 41 (range 30-57), p=0.619. There was no significant difference within or between groups (IG and State CG p=0.680 and IG and Trace CG p=0.240) |
Some concern |
Ireland,(15) United States |
20 children, 65% female, aged 6-12 years old |
Therapeutic touch |
Therapeutic mimic or sham touch |
1 |
STAIC segment state |
IG=29.20±3.04 to 26.70±4.42; CG=31.20±4.51 to 29.50±3.37. Pre- and post-test difference in IG was 2.50±2.46 and 1.70±3.91 in CG. ANCOVA result for the effect of the group F(1.17)=1.067; p=0.32, it was not significant. The t test showed a significant intragroup difference, comparing pre and post-test, for the IG (p<0.01) only, in the CG (p=0.20) |
Some concern |
Diego et al.,(16) United States |
24 people, 91.7% women, 17 years old on average |
Massage |
Guided muscle relaxation |
12 |
Anxiety inventory State |
Both groups significantly reduced state anxiety immediately after treatment, in the first (IG=44.25±13.63 to 30.83±9.45 and CG=42.08±7.15 to 35.75±8 .06) and last day (IG=39.08±9.78 to 27.17±7.63 and CG=41.58±7.42 to 36.83±8.12), F(1.22) =49.97; p<0.001. The study reported no difference analysis between the first and last session |
Some concern |
Hernandez-Reif et al.,(17) Dominican Republic |
52 children, 64.5% female, 4.9 years old on average |
Massage |
Recreation (coloring and building blocks) |
12 |
CBCL versions from 1.5 to 5 years and 6 to 18 years |
Nonparametric analyzes showed that there were no significant changes (p>0.05) in anxiety/depression for children aged 1.5 to 5 years old. Analyzes in older children, using intragroup Wilcoxon assigned rank tests to determine the percentage of children whose anxiety/depression decreased between baseline and the last day of the study, revealed significant decreases for the massage group, 75%. (Z=2.23; p=0.026) |
High risk |
Margolin et al.,(18) United States |
40 people, 60% men, 42.8 years old on average |
IG 1: auricular acupuncture with 5 needles. IG 2: auricular acupuncture with 1 to 3 needles inserted gradually |
IG 3: Auricular acupuncture with 5 needles and group spiritual therapy IG 4: Auricular acupuncture with 1 to 3 needles and therapy |
8 |
IDATE |
IG 1= 45.17±8.4 to 44.0±3.3; IG 2= 42.18±8.89 to 38.45±10.9; IG 3= 48.0±10.4 to 32.5±5.1 and IG 4= 42.29±17.0 to 37.29±15.1, before and after, respectively Anxiety significantly reduced with time F(1.26 =14.69; p=0.001). Groups that received spiritual therapy showed greater reductions in mean anxiety scores between baseline 44.9±14.1 and after treatment 35±11.4 when compared to the group without this therapy (43.2±8.6 for 40.4±9.2), F(1.26)=5.48; p=0.03. There was no difference by type of acupuncture, F(1.26)=1.44; p=0.24. The interaction between spirituality and acupuncture was not significant, F(1.26)=3.89; p=0.59 |
High risk |
Bormann et al.,(19) United States |
93 people, 80.6% men, 42.9 years old on average |
Psychoespiritual intervention: repetition of mantra |
Control of attention: HIV videos and group discussions |
10 |
Anxiety inventory Trait |
Anxiety was reduced over time in both groups. IG: 44.1±11.13; 40.7±9.62; 40.2±9.74 to 40.3±10.46. CG: 44.9±10.37; 43.1±9.63; 43.7±9.32 to 42.1±9.74. There was no group-time interaction. ANOVA for repeated measures, group (F=1.22; p=0.27), time (F=12.0; p=0.001), group-time (F=1.77; p=0.15). Effect size (ηp2=0.02) between small and medium |
Low risk |
Rao et al.,(20) United States |
79 people, 75% men, 42 years old on average |
Art therapy |
Videotape about art therapy |
1 |
STAI, segment State |
Post-test state anxiety scores were analyzed after adjustment for pre-test scores and age (R2=0.61; F(3.67)=35.44; p<0.001). Scores improved for those in the art therapy group when compared to videotape. However, the differences in mean scores between groups were not statistically significant (post-test adjusted means of IG=62.8 and CG=61.2) |
Some concern |
Bremner et al.,(21) United States |
37 people, 86.2% men, 49.6 years old on average |
Reiki and music |
Music |
10. |
IDATE |
Score for initial state-anxiety: RMG 38.3±11.4 and MOG 37.7±11.2. Anxiety-Initial Trait: RMG 43.1±6.9 and MOG 40.8±9.1. Anxiety as a state was significantly reduced in all participants at the end of the study, F(2, 52)=4.50; p=0.016 |
High risk |
Naoroibam et al.,(22) India |
44 people, 59% men, 36 years old on average |
Yoga |
Usual routine |
4 |
HADS in English |
The score for anxiety in the IG dropped from 10.82±3.86 to 9.91±3.39 (non-significant reduction p=0.13; -8.2%) and in the CG it rose from 10.14±3, 16 for 11.45±3.36 (p=0.06; +12.91%). There was no significant difference between the groups (F [1.21] =3.34; p=0.81) |
High risk |
Kuloor et al.,(23) India |
60 people, 65% women, 42 years old on average. |
Yoga |
Waiting list |
8 |
HADS-A |
In intragroup analyses, anxiety score in the IG ranged from 11.29±2.15 to 5.45±1.34 (-52%; p=0.001) and in the CG it rose from 11.45±2.17 to 12, 48±2.20 (+9%; p=0.001). In the analysis of differences between groups, yoga showed a significant reduction in anxiety (p<0.001) compared to control |
Some concern |
Carey et al.,(24) United States |
44 people, 50% women, 47.5 years old on average |
Mindfulness Attention Training by phone |
Health coach by phone |
8 |
GAD |
Consecutive measurements in the IG: 9.25±5.87; 7.88±6.15 and 7.20±5.33; in CG: 7.50±6.20; 5.0±4.58 and 4.45±4.22. There was a significant difference between the participants regarding the time F(2.74)=4.59; p=0.021. There was no significant difference between group and time, simultaneously |
Low risk |