10 |
Rates of screening mammography use by women with limited life expectancy at 6, 3, and 1 year (s). |
106,737 U.S. women Medicare beneficiaries age 66 and older and life expectancy < 7 years between 2008 and 2009. |
35.0%, 25.1%, and 17.9% of women with life expectancy, respectively, estimated at 6, 3, and 1 year (s) performed screening mammography. |
Having access to a Primary Care physician, having an appointment 1 or more times and living in a region with a greater supply of mammography and radiologists. |
17 |
Annual ratio of screening mammograms in age groups contrary to recommendations: 35-49 years, 70-74 years, and 75 years and over. Percentage of mammograms between 35 to 49 and ≥70 years. |
92,532,240 of mammograms of Brazilian women, between 2010 and 2019. |
Mammography ratio between 35-49 years was 0.18; between 70 and 74 years was 0.17; and in 75 years and over it was 0.07. Percentage of mammograms between 35 and 49 was 35.5% and ≥70 years 5.9%. |
October Pink October Campaign |
18 |
Prevalence of screening mammography among women aged between 40 and 49 years. |
2,393,200 Canadian women aged 40 to 49 interviewed in the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2011 to 2013. |
22.2% of women aged 40 to 49 reported having had a routine screening mammogram in the last two years |
Having had a Pap smear in the last 3 years; being married; having an annual income above $59,999 and having a regular physician. |
19 |
Percentage of women who reported having had a mammogram; percentage they did in the last year; percentage with intention to do in the next year. |
1,163 women aged 30 to 74 residing in two North Carolina cities, 1988. |
25% and 49% of women underwent mammography, respectively, aged 30-39 and 40-49 years, with 15% and 32% having done it in the previous year, and 34% and 56% intend to do it in the following year. |
Concern about breast cancer, perception of the risk of developing cancer, thinking that mammography is better than clinical examination. |
20 |
Percentage of women screened before age 50; percentage of women who started mammographic screening at age 40; percentage of women who started screening before age 40; percentage of women who started screening after 40 years and up to 49 years. |
383 American women aged between 40 and 49 years. |
71% started screening before age 50, with 32% starting at age 40; 25% started before age 40 and 14% after age 40 and up to age 49. |
Being aware to the tracking recommendations increased the chance of overuse. Being older than 45 years and having a primary care doctor decreased the odds of not initiating screening. |
21 |
Aspects about knowledge and perception: How often do you think you need a mammogram? Is it important for me to plan to have an annual mammogram? In the past 12 months, has a doctor or other healthcare professional recommended that you have a mammogram? In the last 12 months, have you received a letter, phone call, or email reminding you to make an appointment for a mammogram? |
52 American women between 70 and 89 years old, attended at a clinic in New York. |
56% of women aged ≥75 years report having had a recent mammogram, 80% report having received a recommendation from a professional to have a mammogram, and 87.2% agree that they need to have it done annually. |
Associated factors were not evaluated, but other findings derived from qualitative research were reported: older women think about having and are encouraged to have a mammogram; there are many opportunities to get a mammogram; Older women are unaware about overuse of mammography. |
22 |
Adjusted mean rate of screening mammography in female population ≥75 years |
26,457,925 American women ages 75 to 99, Medicare beneficiaries, as of January 2012. |
The adjusted mean rate of screening mammography was 24%, with a range from 20% to 30%. |
Not evaluated |
23 |
Odds ratio of receiving low-value mammography among women ≥75 years absolute frequency of screening mammograms in women ≥75 years. |
19,451 US women aged ≥75 years who participated in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2011 to 2016. |
The chance of a woman aged ≥75 years receiving a mammogram is OR=0.95(0.89-1.02) 3,040,128 low-value mammograms. |
Consultations with obstetricians and gynecologists. The chances of consultations with general specialists, such as general practitioners and family physicians, decreased. |
24 |
Number of mammograms performed on women aged ≥75 years, without a diagnosis of symptoms, out of the total population aged ≥75 years |
16,396 women who participated in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Access to Care survey between 2007 and 2013 |
23% women aged ≥75 years underwent screening mammography. |
Having higher income and having private supplementary coverage, having a regular source of care. |
25 |
Proportion of women aged 52 to 69 who had a mammogram in less than two years. |
16,459 Italian women aged 52 to 69 years, 2012 to 2013. |
18.4% perform at intervals < 2 years, those aged ≤ 59 years old are 20.7% and those aged ≤ 69 years old are 16.4%. |
Being a foreigner, not performing physical activity and not controlling weight; having their own initiative to carry out the exam, having a recommendation to carry out the exam by a general practitioner or specialist or by the public health service. |
26 |
Number of overscreened (women with mammograms performed at an interval < 18 months) divided by the total number of study women. |
13,387 Brazilian women aged 50 to 69 years, with normal mammography results, followed from 2010 to 2012. |
Overscreening reached 2,860 women (21%) and its rate was 150/1,000 women/year. Most cases of overscreening (73.8%) occurred after 1 year of normal mammography. |
Age 60-69 years, Pink October campaign (increased availability of services or excessive focus on screening campaigns) and previous mammogram. |
27 |
Performing biennial screening mammography among women aged 70 and over, knowledge and perception about excessive use. |
Four articles focused on mammography overuse among American women ≥ 65 years. |
Up to 50% of women aged ≥ 70 years believe they have to undergo screening continuously. |
Associated factors were not evaluated, but other findings derived from the narrative review were reported: the elderly women feel confused about the frequency after changing the guidelines, few women have heard about excessive use and even fewer understand what would be the excessive use, are resistant to the idea of discontinuing screening and a decision aid may improve older women’s decision-making around mammography screening. |
28 |
Prevalence of mammographic screening of women aged 65-74 years and ≥75 years |
389,821 U.S. women living in long-term care homes were Medicaid and Medicare beneficiaries in 2011. |
6.2% women aged 65-74 years underwent mammography and 1.4% aged ≥75 years. |
Having no or mild cognitive impairment, being a non-frail elderly and having some comorbidities. |
29 |
Mammographic screening rate for women stratified according to a specific mortality rate that classifies as low (<25%), intermediate (25%-49%), high (50%-74%), and very high (75%) risk of breast cancer die in 9 or 5 years. |
27,404 U.S. women age 65 and older who participated in the National Center for Health Statistics from 2000 to 2010. |
Screening rate of 73.9% at low 9-year mortality rate, 63.8% at intermediate, 53.3% at high and 37.5% at very high risk. Screening rate of 67.9% in the low 5-year mortality rate, 44.4% in the intermediate and 34.2% in the high risk. |
Having a higher level of education was a factor that increased the chance. Protective factors were: being older, having a higher risk of dying, not being married, not having health insurance, not having a place of reference for routine care. |
30 |
Screening intent among women with a life expectancy of < 10 years was assessed using a Likert scale from 1 to 15; lower scores suggest lower intentions. |
43 American women > 75 years old, seen by Primary Care physicians at a Boston Community Center. |
51% of women with a life expectancy of < 10 years intend to be screened, even after talking about life expectancy with a doctor. |
The intention tends to decrease after talking about interruption of screening, harms of mammography and life expectancy with a Primary Care physician. |
31 |
Low-value screening rate: women aged <40 years or life expectancy <1 year, over total women aged >18 years with screening mammograms. |
21,930 American women (mean age 54.9 years) in a primary care clinic by the Veterans Health Administration. |
2.9% received low-value mammography. |
Having care in a hospital clinic, in a place with highly complex services and not living in the West region, increases the propensity to receive low-value exams. Women with greater comorbidity and frailty and exams with co-payments are factors that decrease the chances of receiving low-value exams. |
32 |
Rates of mammography screening in the last two years by age and life expectancy < 10 years and future breast cancer screening intentions. |
2,804 US women ages 55 to 97 who participated in the National Social life Health and Aging Project in 2015 to 2016. |
Women expected < 10 years who reported having had a mammogram in the last two years: 69.1% aged 55-74 years, 67.8% aged 75-84 years and 44% aged 85 years or older; Women with a life expectancy of < 10 years who intend to undergo mammography in the future: 59% aged 75-84 years and 25.2% aged 85 years and over. |
It was associated with future intentions to have a recent mammogram and not having talked to the doctor that screening is no longer necessary. Intentions were reduced among elderly women or those with lower life expectancy. |
33 |
Women aged 50 to 74 years who undergo free mammography screening in the program organized every 2 years and undergo opportunistic mammography. |
1,202 French women aged between 51 and 74 years, 2010 and 2011. |
45.1% of women underwent mammography for breast cancer screening in both programs (opportunistic and organized). |
Making regular appointment with gynecologist for check-up and being in the workforce. |