Fall prevention diagram for older adults: an integrative review

Abstract

Objective

To propose a fall prevention diagram for older adults, based on Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model.

Methods

Diagram construction was based on Nola Pender’s model and its elements. For this, an integrative review study was carried out with the objective of collecting data on individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect and behavioral outcome for fall prevention. After collecting this information, a similarity analysis of the selected studies was carried out using IRaMuTeQ. The elements obtained from similarity analysis facilitated the grouping of studies regarding the elements found and thus provided fall prevention diagram organization.

Results

The final sample consisted of 54 articles, divided according to the elements of Nola Pender’s model: 36 addressed individual characteristics and experiences, 40 referred to behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and 20 referred to behavioral outcome. The elements obtained from the similarity analysis generated a semantic range of the most frequent words: fall, prevention, woman and fear. The least frequent words were cognition, self-efficacy, transportation and planning, which contributed to diagram construction.

Conclusion

From the review, a diagram was prepared, which favored identifying personal factors, barriers and facilities for a desirable behavior to prevent falls.

Accident prevention; Health promotion; Accidental falls; Aged