| Social network analysis as an analytic tool for interaction patterns in primary care practices (Scott j et. al). English. 2005, USA.(1212. Scott J, Tallia A, Crosson JC, Orzano AJ, Stroebel C, DiCicco-Bloom B, O'Malley D, Shaw E, Crabtree B. Social network analysis as an analytic tool for interaction patterns in primary care practices. Ann Fam Med. 2005;3(5):443-8.)
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Describe how SNA can be used to characterize and compare communication patterns in professional practices in PHC. Two total networks. |
The use of SNA to investigate social networks in PHC offers potentials and limits. SNA is considered a good tool to study complex systems represented by practices within PHC. |
| Factors affecting influential discussions among physicians: a social network analysis of a primary care practice (Keating N et al). English, 2007, USA.(1313. Keating NL, Ayanian JZ, Cleary PD, Marsden PV. Factors affecting influential discussions among physicians: a social network analysis of a primary care practice. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22(6):794-8.)
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Assess the network of influential discussions among PHC physicians working in a teaching hospital on the theme woman's health.
One total network. |
Informal interactions among colleagues that influence decisions are frequent. Related factors are: clinical experience with women; convenience in time and space; colleagues of the same sex. |
| Partnerships in primary care in Australia: network structure, dynamics and sustainability. (Lewis JM, Baeza JI, Alexander D.) English, 2008, Australia.(1414. Jenny M, Lewis JI, Baeza DA. Partnerships in primary care in Australia: Network structure, dynamics and sustainability. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(2):280-91.)
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Analyze the network structure with two governance partnerships in Primary Health Care in Australia, within a time interval. Two two-way networks. |
Central government affects local network coordination; an independent coordination group is relevant to maintain connected networks. Long-term partnerships tend to maintain more stable networks. |
| Mutual understanding in multi-disciplinary primary health care teams. (Quinlan E, Robertson S.) English, 2010, Canada.(1515. Quinlan E, Robertson S. Mutual understanding in multi-disciplinary primary health care teams. J Interprof Care. 2010;24(5):565-78.)
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Analyze relationships of communication and understanding in shared decision making in PHC teams according to professional categories.
Egocentric networks with nurses. |
In the 4 teams, the decisions involved other professional than nurses and physicians; factors like team cohesion on PHC objectives affect mutual decision capacity; interaction flow in the network increases with mutual communication and vice-versa. |
| Social networks and physician adoption of electronic health records: insights from an empirical study. (Zheng K et al). English, 2010, USA.(1616. Zheng K, Padman R, Krackhardt D, Johnson MP, Diamond HS. Social networks and adoption by physicians of electronic health records: insights from an empirical study. JAMIA. 2010;17(3):328-36.)
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Study how social interactions influence physicians’ adoption of an electronic chart system. Egocentric networks with physicians, according to questions on different interactions (professional, personal and influence). |
The professional network shows interactions between residents and other physicians, the personal networks express more interactions between physicians in the same category (residents), with some actors showing higher degree centrality, and the influence network to decide on using the charts was significantly smaller and dispersed, evidencing that few colleagues influence the decision. |
| Variation in patient-sharing networks of physicians across the United States.(Landon BE et al) English. 2010, USA.(1717. Landon BE, Keating NL, Barnett ML, Onnela JP, Paul S, O'Malley AJ, Keegan T, Christakis NA. Variation in patient-sharing networks of physicians across the United States. JAMA. 2012;308(3): 265-73.)
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Identify professional networks among physicians, based on shared patients, examining how these networks vary across geographic regions and determine factors associated with interactions among physicians.
Egocentric networks using health system records based on the patient. |
Important geographical variations were found in the identified networks, but the study is inconclusive on their factors. There is a trend towards some shared identity among physicians in the same network. Complex factors seem to relate to the formation of physician networks. |
| Primary health care teams and the patient perspective: a social network analysis. (Cheong LHM et al) English, 2013, Australia.(1818. Cheong LH, Armor CL, Bosnic-Anticevich SZ. Primary health care teams and patient perspective: a social network analysis. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2013 9(6):741-57.)
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Describe the health networks of PHC patients, comparing different care groups, gain an understanding about the nature and extent of their interactions and identify pharmacists’ role in the patient networks.
Egocentric networks with asthma patients. |
The patient networks were classified under community groups, clinical groups and mixed networks, without mutual interaction. The interaction with pharmacists in the network was considered minimal. |
| Knowledge flow and exchange in interdisciplinary primary health care teams (PHCTs): an exploratory study.(Shannon L et al). English, 2013, Canada.(1919. Sibbald SL, Wathen CN, Kothari A, Day AMB. Knowledge flow and interchange in interdisciplinary primary care units (PHCTs): an exploratory study. J Med Libr Assoc. 2013;101(2):128-37.)
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Explore how clinical research knowledge flows through multidisciplinary PHC teams and influences the clinical decisions.
Total networks with six PHC teams. |
Obtaining research knowledge was seen as a shared responsibility among the team members, while its application in patient care was considered the responsibility of the team leader, generally the senior physician. The team members recognized the need for information access, synthesis, interpretation or management resources. |
| Brokering for the primary healthcare needs of recent immigrant families in Atlantic, Canada. (Isaacs S at al). English, 2013, Canada.(2020. Isaacs S, Valaitis R, Newbold K, Black M, Sargeant, J. Brokering for the primary health needs of recent immigrant families in the Atlantic, Canada. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2013;14(1):63-79.)
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Analyze how organizations that act as brokers supported a network of PHC services to respond to the needs of recent immigrant families with small children.
Total network with organizations. |
The institutions that act as brokers/negotiators are fundamental for the migrants to access the service network. The main institutions were: migration central, child legal support sector and public health sector. |
| Competence trust among providers as fundamental to a culturally competent primary healthcare system for immigrant families.(Isaacs S et al). English, 2013, Canada.(2121. Isaacs S, Valaitis R, Newbold K, Black M, Sargeant, J. Competence trust among providers as critical to a culturally competent primary health care system for immigrant families. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2013;14(1):80-9.)
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Explore how an organization's trust in the cultural competence of other service providers (competence trust) can influence the efficacy of a service network to attend to the needs of recent immigrant families.
Integral network with 27 organizations |
Nongovernmental organizations were identified among the most culturally competent. Systemic cultural competence building in a service network is necessary to improve collaborations and service access for immigrant families. |
| The communicative power of nurse practitioners in multidisciplinary primary healthcare teams. (Quinlan E, Robertson S). English, 2013, Canada.(2222. Quinlan E, Robertson S. The communicative power of nurse practitioners in multidisciplinary primary healthcare teams. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2013;25(2):91-102.)
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Explore the role of nursing practitioners in facilitating knowledge exchange in multidisciplinary PHC teams. Egocentric networks with nurses. |
The conclusions of the study refer to the knowledge exchange behavior structure and particularly to the role of the NP as a knowledge boundary spanner. |
| Advancing the application of systems thinking in health: advice seeking behavior among primary health care physicians in Pakistan.(Asmat U et al), English, 2014, Pakistan.(2323. Malik AU, Willis CD, Hamid S, Ulikpan A, Hill PS. Advancing the application of systems thinking in health: advice seeking behaviour among Primary Health Care physicians in Pakistan. Health Res Policy Syst. 2014 43:1-12.)
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This study analyzes the extent to which the existing PHC system in Pakistan facilitates physicians’ access to information sharing, focusing on cases of measles and tuberculosis. Egocentric networks with physicians. |
The PHC physicians developed their own strategies to overcome communication restrictions. The search for council and information depended on the existence of informal social interaction with senior specialists. |
| Fortalezas, Oportunidades, Fraquezas e Ameaças (Matriz FOFA) de uma Comunidade Ribeirinha Sul-Amazônica na perspectiva da Análise de Redes Sociais: aportes para a Atenção Básica à Saúde. Gomide et al. Portuguese, 2015, Brazil.(2424. Gomide M, Sthütz GE, Carvalho MA, Câmara VM. Fortalezas, oportunidades, fraquezas e ameaças (matriz fofa) de uma comunidade ribeirinha sul-amazônica na perspectiva da análise de redes sociais: aportes para a Atenção Básica à Saúde. Cad. Saúde Colet. 2015;23(3):222-30.)
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Understand information transmission processes in a community on the banks of the Madeira river (CRSA) to support the Basic Health Care strategies. Egocentric networks with leaderships. |
The results were articulated with the categories proposed by the SWOT matrix (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats). The categories evidenced strong and weak aspects in the network, particularly the leader's role. |
| Effects of primary care team social networks on quality of care and costs for patients with cardiovascular disease (Marlon P et al). English, 2015, USA.(2525. Mundt MP, Gilchrist VJ, Fleming MF, Zakletskaia LI, Tuan WJ, Beasley JW. Effects of the social networks of the primary care team on quality of care and costs for patients with cardiovascular disease. Fam Med Ann. 2015;13(2):139-48.)
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Assess the associations among communication, interaction and coordination of the PHC team using SNA, associating care quality and costs for cardiovascular patients.
Integral networks with six PHC teams. |
Teams with dense interactions among all team members were associated with less days of hospitalization and lower costs. Teams with interactions around some core individuals were associated with more days of hospitalization. |
| Testing a model of facilitated reflection on network feedback: a mixed method study on integration of rural mental healthcare services for older people. (Fuller J. et al). English, 2015, Australia.(2626. Fuller J, Oster C, Cochrane EM, Dawson S, Lawn S, Henderson J, et al. Testing a model of facilitated reflection on network feedback: a mixed method study on integration of rural mental healthcare services for older people. BMJ Open; 2015; 5(11):1-12.)
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Test a network reflection management model as a means to engage the services in problem solving on primary mental health care for elderly people.
Organizational integral management and service network. |
For the sake of effective facilitation of group reflection and exchanges in the network, a network management needs to be neutral, not obstructive, and with credibility in health and social services, with leadership to build confidence through facilitation and mediation. |
