Content validation of an audiovisual resource for people living with HIV

This methodological study had a quantitative approach and was guided by the methodological theoretical framework of psychometrics. Content validation was performed by expert judges in the thematic area using the Delphi technique. The sample consisted of 22 judges in the first validation analysis and seven judges in the second analysis.

Results

All domains analyzed had a content validity coefficient (CVC) >0.80, with a total CVC (CVCt) of 0.96, almost perfect internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha of 0.988, ICC of 0.982 [95%CI 0.969-0.991], and p<0.005 which was significant in the first round of expert evaluation. In the second analysis, the criteria used for content validation showed a CVCt of 0.97, with the criteria of objectivity, simplicity, clarity, relevance, accuracy, variety, credibility, and balance achieving 100% approval.

Conclusion

The script was validated in terms of content, showing to be a representative and relevant instrument for building the audiovisual resource. It contributes to the advancement of scientific knowledge as it presents results with methodological accuracy and innovations in the field of health education for people living with HIV.

Audiovisual aids; HIV; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Sexually transmitted diseases; Teaching materials

Categories - Script Evaluation Items	Means	CVCi*	CVCc‡
Initial guidelines
A.1 - Definition and the etiological agent of HIV	2.90	0.96	0.96
A.2 - Transmission of the HIV	2.95	0.98	0.97
A.3 - Clinical manifestations	2.90	0.96	0.96
A.4 - Disclosure and coping with the diagnosis	2.90	0.96	0.96
A.5 - HIV test	2.90	0.96	0.96
A.6 - Adherence to treatment	2.95	0.98	0.98
A.7 - Consultations and monitoring of medical services	2.86	0.95	0.95
A.8 - Stigma in family and community; demystification of the disease	2.95	0.98	0.98
A.9 - Relationships with serodiscordant partners	2.95	0.98	0.98
A.10 - Way of life and social coexistence	2.90	0.96	0.96
A.11 - Vulnerability	2.95	0.98	0.98
General Care
B.1 - Treatment and correct use of antiretroviral drugs	2.95	0.98	0.98
B.2 - Adverse effects of treatment	2.95	0.98	0.98
B.3 - Diary strategies and drug reminders	2.95	0.98	0.98
B.4 - Changes in sexual behavior and combined prevention	2.90	0.96	0.96
B.5 - HIV testing services	2.95	0.98	0.98
B.6 - Tests for T-CD4 count and viral load	2.95	0.98	0.98
B.7 - Partner protection, pre-exposure prophylaxis, and vaccination	2.86	0.95	0.98
Healthy life
C.1 - Self-care actions	2.90	0.96	0.96
C.2 - About a balanced diet	2.90	0.96	0.96
C.3 - Exercises and physical activities	2.90	0.96	0.96
Sexual Health
D.1 - Safe sexual behavior	2.86	0.95	0.95
D.2 - Strategies for HIV/AIDS prevention	2.95	0.98	0.98
D.3 - Correct use of male and female condoms	2.86	0.95	0.95
D.4 - Care to prevent opportunistic diseases and STIs	2.95	0.98	0.98
D.5 - Care to maintain a safe pregnancy and prevent vertical transmission	2.86	0.95	0.95
D.6 - Family planning services	2.90	0.96	0.96
D.7 - Care in the prenatal, childbirth, and postpartum periods; breast-feeding	2.90	0.96	0.96
D.8 - HIV test for babies	2.90	0.96	0.96
Emotional Support
E.1 - Mental health and emotional imbalance	2.86	0.95	0.95
E.2 - Humor and stress	2.77	0.92	0.92
E.3 - Affective and social relationships	2.86	0.95	0.95
E.4 - Family support and assistance with psychosocial factors	2.86	0.95	0.95
E.5 - Use of motivational and supportive messages	2.72	0.90	0.90
CVCt^§			0.96

Categories	Suggestions
A1	I suggest that this be done succinctly, as I believe that this issue is more relevant to health professionals. (J1)
A3	Clinical manifestations: it is not clear whether this concerns opportunistic diseases and whether there will be a distinction between HIV and AIDS. (J3)
A5	HIV tests could be inverted in the sense that the tests are performed before clinical manifestations, as the results will not always be positive. (J3)
A7	Medical consultations and follow-up and support services: I suggest putting monitoring and consultations with health professionals, to extend care to an interdisciplinary team, not just centered on medical professionals. If there are no support services, I also suggest placing NGOs to support people living with HIV. (J2)
B7	I suggest adding post-exposure prophylaxis (PeP) for partners here. Protection of the sexual partnership (item B.7) also involves combined prevention. (J6)
D1	As described, it implies that people living with HIV (and/or other sexually transmitted infections) or people’s behavior are “risks”. I suggest putting [Strategy for] (J2)
D1	Disseminate and/or facilitate access to HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infection prevention technologies. Care to prevent opportunistic diseases and STIs (wouldn’t it be just for STIs?) I believe that changing behavior is a delicate and problematic item to be worked on. (J8)
D3	Preferably, not using female or male condoms, but internal and external condos. (J10)
E1	An emotional support item could be added to the reference health services (mainly). (J5)
E2	I believe that mood swings and stress are not just specific conditions for people who are HIV positive. (J3)

Categories - Assessment items of the video script	Means	CVCi*	CVCc‡
Initial guidelines
A - Initial guidelines	2.57	0.85	0.85
B - General care	3.00	1.00	1.00
C - Healthy living	3.00	1.00	1.00
D - Sexual health	2.85	0.95	0.94
E - Emotional support	2.85	0.95	0.94
1. BEHAVIOR - the script is applicable; its diagnostic information is clear and precise.	2.85	0.95	0.94
2. OBJECTIVITY - the information allows for achieving the desired goal using the video.	3.00	1.00	1.00
3. SIMPLICITY - the topics presented in the script express a single idea.	3.00	1.00	1.00
4. CLARITY - the script content is easy to understand.	3.00	1.00	1.00
5. RELEVANCE - the script meets the proposed objectives.	3.00	1.00	1.00
6. PRECISION - the content covered by the script is different from the others and does not confuse it with other infectious-contagious diseases.	3.00	1.00	1.00
7. VARIETY - the script language is suitable for the target audience and allows interactivity with the content presented.	3.00	1.00	1.00
8. MODALITY - the vocabulary of the script content is appropriate to the topic and does not generate ambiguity.	2.85	0.95	0.94
9. TYPICITY - the text vocabulary and the script lines are consistent with the topic; the concepts are adequate.	2.85	0.95	0.94
10. CREDIBILITY - the script formulation contributes to a favorable attitude to the use and understanding of the presented content.	3.00	1.00	1.00
11. AMPLITUDE - the content presented in the script is current and consistent; its depth is sufficient for the target audience to understand the topic.	2.85	0.95	0.94
12. BALANCE - the sequence of script categories is presented coherently, and the arrangement of items is balanced.	3.00	1.00	1.00
CVCt^§			0.97

Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo R. Napoleão de Barros, 754, 04024-002 São Paulo - SP/Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 5576 4430 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: actapaulista@unifesp.br

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[1] Corresponding author Silmara de Oliveira Silva Email: silmaraolyveira@gmail.com