Factors associated with non-compliance with antiretrovirals in HIV/AIDS patients

Menezes, Elielza Guerreiro; Santos, Simone Rodrigues Fernandes dos; Melo, Giane Zupellari dos Santos; Torrente, Gisele; Pinto, Arlene dos Santos; Goiabeira, Yara Nayá Lopes de Andrade

doi:10.1590/1982-0194201800042

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Acta Paulista de Enfermagem

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Sumário

Original Article • Acta Paul Enferm 31 (3) • May-Jun 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201800042 copy

Factors associated with non-compliance with antiretrovirals in HIV/AIDS patients

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

To identify the factors associated to non-compliance with antiretroviral treatment in HIV / AIDS patients at a reference hospital in Manaus.

Methods

Hospital-based, quantitative, cross-sectional study developed with 100 participants with HIV / AIDS in outpatient follow-up. For the data collection, the self-administered “Questionnaire for the evaluation of compliance with antiretroviral treatment in people with HIV / AIDS” (CEAT-VIH) was used. Descriptive analysis was performed using the Pearson chi-square to obtain the p-value.

Results

Male participants were predominant (57%), age between 40 and 59 years (34%), secondary education (49%), without employment bond (84%), monthly income of one to three minimum wages (54% ), unmarried (47%), heterosexual (76%), with sexual partner (56%), without active sexual life (61%), time since diagnosis between six months and five years (59%), no hospitalization (%). The predominant level of compliance was medium compliance (85%). The sociodemographic variables that revealed a statistically significant association with ARVT were sexual orientation (p = 0.010) and time since diagnosis (p = 0.035).

Conclusion

The study showed that people living with HIV comply with ARVT, but with medium compliance. The main factors associated with this result were sexual orientation and time since diagnosis.

Antiviral therapy; HIV; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Medication adherence; Patient compliance

Variables	n(%)
Sex
Male	57(57.0)
Female	43(43.0)
Age Range
18 to 29 years	10(10.0)
30 to 39 years	28(28.0)
40 to 59 years	34(34.0)
50 to 59 years	14(14.0)
>60 years	14(14.0)
Education
Illiterate	2(2.0)
Primary	35(35.0)
Secondary	49(49.0)
Higher	14(14.0)
Employment
Yes	16(16.0)
No	84(84.0)
Monthly income
< 1 minimum wage	42(42.0)
1 to 3 minimum wages	54(54.0)
3 to 5 minimum wages	3(3.0)
> 5 minimum wages	1(1.0)
Marital Status
Single	47(47.0)
Married	11(11.0)
Living with Fixed Partner	33(33.0)
Separated	4(4.0)
Divorced	1(1.0)
Widowed	4(4.0)
Sexual orientation
Homosexual	18(18.0)
Bisexual	6(6.0)
Heterosexual	76(76.0)
Has a sexual partner
Yes	56(56.0)
No	44(44.0)
Active sexual life
Yes	39(39.0)
No	61(61.0)
Time since diagnosis
6 months to 5 years	59(59.0)
6 years to 10 years	28(28.0)
11 to 15 years	7(7.0)
16 to 20 years	6(6.0)
Hospitalization antecedents
None	59(59.0)
1 to 3 times	35(35.0)
3 to 5 times	2(2.0)
> 5 times	4(4.0)

Compliance levels*	n(%)
Low	2(2.0)
Medium	85(85.0)
High	13(13.0)

Variables	High compliance n(%)	Medium compliance n(%)	Low compliance n(%)	Total n(%)	p-value*
Sex
Male	9(16)	46(80)	2(4)	57(100)	0.274
Female	4(9)	39(91)	0(0)	43(100)	0.274
Age Range
18 to 29 years	1(10)	9(90)	0(0)	10(100)	0.438
30 to 39 years	3(11)	23(82)	2(7)	28(100)
40 to 59 years	7(20)	27(80)	0(0)	34(100)
50 to 59 years	1(7)	13(93)	0(0)	14(100)
>60 years	1(7)	13(93)	0(0)	14(100)
Education
Illiterate	0(0)	2(100)	0(0)	2(100)	0.622
Primary	3(9)	31(88)	1(3)	35(100)
Secondary	8(16)	41(84)	0(0)	49(100)
Higher	2(14)	11(79)	1(7)	14(100)
Employment
Yes	2(12)	14(88)	0(0)	16(100)	0.819
No	11(13)	71(85)	2(2)	84(100)	0.819
Monthly income
< 1 minimum wage	2(5)	39(93)	1(2)	42(100)	0.443
1 to 3 minimum wages	11(20)	42(78)	1(2)	54(100)
3 to 5 minimum wages	0(0)	3(100)	0(0)	3(100)
> 5 minimum wages	0(0)	1(100)	0(0)	1(100)
Marital Status
Single	7(15)	39(83)	1(2)	47(100)	0.735
Married	1(9)	10(11.8)	0(0)	11(100)
Living with Fixed Partner	3(9)	29(88)	1(3)	33(100)
Separated	0(0)	4(100)	0(0)	4(100)
Divorced	0(0)	1(100)	0(00	1(100)
Widowed	2(50)	2(50)	0(0)	4(100)
Sexual orientation
Homosexual	6(33)	11(61)	1(6)	18(100)	0.010
Bisexual	2(33)	4(67)	0(0)	6(100)
Heterosexual	5(6)	70(92)	1(2)	76(100)
Has a sexual partner
Yes	6(46.2)	49(57.6)	1(50.0)	56(100)	0.728
No	7(53.8)	36(42.4)	1(50.0)	44(100)	0.728
Active sexual life
Yes	6(15)	32(82)	1(3)	39(100)	0.800
No	7(11)	53(87)	1(2)	61(100)	0.800
Time since diagnosis
6 months to 5 years	6(10)	52(88)	1(2)	59(100)	0.035
6 years to 10 years	3(11)	25(89)	0(0)	28(100)
11 to 15 years	3(43)	4(57)	0(0)	7(100)
16 to 20 years	1(17)	4(66)	1(17)	6(100)
Hospitalization antecedents
None	6(10)	52(88)	1(2)	59(100)	0.781
1 to 3 times	7(20)	27(77)	1(3)	35(100)
3 to 5 times	0(0)	2(100)	0(0)	2(100)
> 5 times	0(0)	4(100)	0(0)	4(100)

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[1] Corresponding author. Elielza Guerreiro Menezes. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1804-6384. E-mail: egmenezes@uea.edu.br