Factors associated with parental stress in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Kegler, Jaquiele Jaciára; Neves, Eliane Tatsch; Silva, Augusto Maciel da; Oliveira, Diúlia Calegari de; Zamberlan, Kellen Cervo

doi:10.37689/acta-ape/2023AO02061

person Jaquiele Jaciára Kegler

declare that they contributed to the project design, data analysis and interpretation, article writing, relevant critical review of the intellectual content and approval of the final version to be published

schoolUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.

0000-0003-0001-9564

person Eliane Tatsch Neves

declare that they contributed to the project design, data analysis and interpretation, article writing, relevant critical review of the intellectual content and approval of the final version to be published

schoolUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.

0000-0002-1559-9533

person Augusto Maciel da Silva

declare that they contributed to the project design, data analysis and interpretation, article writing, relevant critical review of the intellectual content and approval of the final version to be published

schoolUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.

0000-0002-3230-3343

person Diúlia Calegari de Oliveira

declare that they contributed to the project design, data analysis and interpretation, article writing, relevant critical review of the intellectual content and approval of the final version to be published

schoolUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.

0000-0003-2768-6148

person Kellen Cervo Zamberlan

declare that they contributed to the project design, data analysis and interpretation, article writing, relevant critical review of the intellectual content and approval of the final version to be published

schoolUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.

0000-0001-6105-5249

Corresponding author. Jaquiele Jaciára Kegler. E-mail: jake_kegler93@hotmail.com

Associate Editor (Peer review process): Marcia Barbieri. (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4662-1983). Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

Conflict of interest: nothing to declare.

Variables	PSS: NICU subscales
	Sights and sounds		Baby looks and behaves		Changes in parental role
	Mean	p-value	Mean	p-value	Mean	p-value
Sex*		0.00		0.01		0.00
Female	2.31		3.00		3.68
Male	1.94		2.54		3.11
Age group**		0.74		0.37		0.45
≤ 18 years old	2.20		2.44		3.56
19-25 years old	2.15		2.96		3.64
26-35 years old	2.23		2.83		3.40
> 35 years old	2.07		2.77		3.25
Marital status*		0.26		0.99		0.06
With a partner	2.15		2.82		3.40
Without a partner	2.33		2.82		3.93
Number of children**		0.69		0.62		0.15
One	2.21		2.82		3.59
Two	2.11		2.89		3.46
Three	2.06		2.61		2.95
Four or more	2.36		2.95		3.70
Another child hospitalized in NICU*		0.43		0.32		0.03
Yes	2.02		2.64		2.95
No	2.20		2.85		3.54
Education**		0.03		0.09		0.77
Incomplete elementary school	2.10^a		2.64		3.50
Complete elementary school/incomplete high school	1.99^b		2.69		3.39
Complete high school/incomplete higher education	2.28^c		3.07		3.56
Complete higher education	2.69^b		2.83		3.23
Religion*		0.11		0.01		0.92
Yes	2.23		2.93		3.47
No	1.99		2.49		3.46
Lives in the study setting city*		0.15		0.26		0.94
Yes	2.23		2.71		3.48
No	2.13		2.92		3.45
Socioeconomic stratum**		0.25		0.20		0.22
A	2.08		3.15		4.07
B1	2.56		3.03		3.47
B2	2.19		2.68		3.15
C1	1.98		2.74		3.47
C2	2.33		3.15		3.75
D-E	2.05		2.64		3.45

Variables	PSS: NICU subscales
	Sights and sounds		Baby looks and behaves		Changes in parental role
	Mean	p-value	Mean	p-value	Mean	p-value
Gestational age*		0.94		0.07		0.06
Premature	2.18		2.73		3.36
Full term	2.15		3.04		3.71
Birth weight*		0.47		0.65		0.26
< 2,500 g	2.21		2.80		3.39
≥ 2,500 g	2.11		2.87		3.58
Childbirth*		0.46		0.84		0.56
Vaginal	2.25		2.86		3.55
Caesarean section	2.15		2.82		3.44
Twin pregnancy*		1.00		0.67		0.63
Yes	2.27		2.94		3.38
No	2.16		2.81		3.47
Need for neonatal resuscitation*		0.59		0.29		0.35
Yes	2.19		2.74		3.38
No	2.15		2.91		3.57
Congenital malformation*		0.90		0.73		0.35
Yes	2.27		2.90		3.76
No	2.16		2.81		3.43

Variables	PSS: NICU subscales
	Sights and sounds		Baby looks and behaves		Changes in parental role
	Mean	p-value	Mean	p-value	Mean	p-value
Inpatient unit**		0.57		0.08		0.04
High risk	2.25		3.14		3.79^a
Intermediate care	2.09		2.66		3.40^b
Isolation	2.33		2.96		3.51^c
Kangaroo	2.16		2.67		3.04^a
Length of stay**		0.61		0.08		0.74
≤ 10 days	2.12		2.71		3.43
11-20 days	2.17		3.07		3.51
21-30 days	2.14		2.44		3.26
> 30 days	2.61		3.10		3.73
Respiratory therapy*		0.04		0.11		0.18
Yes	2.40		3.06		3.66
No	2.10		2.75		3.40
Type of respiratory therapy**		0.26		0.56		0.57
None	2.10		2.75		3.40
Nasal catheter	2.21		3.08		3.49
CPAP	2.48		3.00		4.04
Mechanical ventilation	2.41		3.03		3.62
In the incubator	3.16		3.58		3.66
Intravenous therapy*		0.12		0.24		0.41
Yes	2.26		2.90		3.53
No	2.06		2.72		3.37
Type of intravenous therapy**		0.15		0.06		0.02
None	2.06		2.72		3.37^b
Peripheral catheter	2.21		2.78		3.47^b
PICC	2.16		2.80		3.36^b
Umbilical catheter	2.50		2.62		4.00^a
Two intravenous devices	2.80		3.71		4.42^b
Nutritional therapy**		0.88		0.66		0.79
Absence of diet	2.50		3.50		4.57
Oral administration	2.15		2.81		3.44
Oral and probe administration	2.15		2.68		3.57
Probe administration	2.15		2.76		3.43
Parenteral administration	2.41		3.22		3.77
Enteral and parenteral administration	2.12		2.79		3.29
Phototherapy*		0.46		0.30		0.54
Yes	2.37		3.37		3.92
No	2.17		2.81		3.45
Previous surgical procedure*		0.03		0.01		0.28
Yes	2.64		3.50		3.80
No	2.12		2.75		3.43
Sedation*		0.05		0.07		0.64
Yes	2.78		3.49		3.75
No	2.14		2.79		3.45
Special coverage*		0.29		0.53		0.33
Yes	2.32		2.94		3.59
No	2.14		2.80		3.44
Bladder probe*		0.25		0.18		0.05
Yes	2.54		3.35		4.29
No	2.16		2.80		3.43

[TFN1001] *Mann-Whitney nonparametric test. **Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test and Dunn’s Post-Hoc Test, if necessary. Means with the same letter have statistical difference between them.

Factors associated with parental stress in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Abstract