Ions
|
Na |
Testes; Cauda Epididymis; Vesicular Glands; Bulbouretral Glands |
Osmotic balance; sperm motility; sperm morphology; sperm metabolism |
López-Rodriguez et al. (2013)López-Rodriguez A, Rijsselaere T, Beek J, Vyt P, Van Soom A, Maes D. Boar seminal plasma components and their relation with semen quality. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2013;59(1):5-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012.725120. PMid:23083319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012....
|
Cl |
Ca |
Testes; Cauda Epididymis; Vesicular Glands |
Acrosome reaction; sperm motility |
López-Rodriguez et al. (2013)López-Rodriguez A, Rijsselaere T, Beek J, Vyt P, Van Soom A, Maes D. Boar seminal plasma components and their relation with semen quality. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2013;59(1):5-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012.725120. PMid:23083319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012....
|
K |
Testes; Cauda Epididymis; Vesicular Glands; Bulbouretral Glands |
Sperm motility |
Juyena and Stelletta (2012)Juyena NS, Stelletta C. Seminal plasma: an essential attribute to spermatozoa. J Androl. 2012;33(4):536-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.110.012583. PMid:22016346. http://dx.doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.110.01...
, Johnson et al. (2000)Johnson LA, Weitze KF, Fiser P, Maxwell WM. Storage of boar semen. Anim Reprod Sci. 2000;62(1-3):143-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(00)00157-3. PMid:10924823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(00)...
|
Bicarbonate |
Prostate; Vesicular Glands |
Sperm motility; induction of plasma membrane destabilization |
Rodriguez-Martinez et al. (2009)Rodriguez-Martinez H, Kvist U, Saravia F, Wallgren M, Johannisson A, Sanz L, Peña FJ, Martinez EA, Roca J, Vazquez JM, Calvete JJ. The physiological roles of the boar ejaculate. In: Rodriguez-Martinez H, Vallet JL, Ziecik AJ, editors. Control of pig reproduction VIII. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press; 2009. p. 1-21.
|
Mg |
Cauda Epididymis; Vesicular Glands; Bulbouretral Glands |
Enzymatic systems; sperm motility integrity of sperm membrane |
Juyena and Stelletta (2012)Juyena NS, Stelletta C. Seminal plasma: an essential attribute to spermatozoa. J Androl. 2012;33(4):536-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.110.012583. PMid:22016346. http://dx.doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.110.01...
, López-Rodriguez et al. (2013)López-Rodriguez A, Rijsselaere T, Beek J, Vyt P, Van Soom A, Maes D. Boar seminal plasma components and their relation with semen quality. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2013;59(1):5-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012.725120. PMid:23083319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012....
|
Se |
Epididymis; Prostate; Vesicular Glands |
Sperm motility; sperm morphology; sperm viability and integrity of DNA; structural component of glutathione peroxidase |
López-Rodriguez et al. (2013)López-Rodriguez A, Rijsselaere T, Beek J, Vyt P, Van Soom A, Maes D. Boar seminal plasma components and their relation with semen quality. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2013;59(1):5-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012.725120. PMid:23083319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012....
, Pipan et al. (2017)Pipan MZ, Mrkun J, Strajn BJ, Vrtač KP, Kos J, Pišlar A, Zrimšek P. The influence of macro- and microelements in seminal plasma on diluted boar sperm quality. Acta Vet Scand. 2017;59(1):11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-017-0279-y. PMid:28187743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-017-027...
, Barranco et al. (2016)Barranco I, Tvarijonaviciute A, Pérez-Patiño C, Vicente-Carrillo A, Parrilla I, Ceron JJ, Martinez EA, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Roca J. Glutathione peroxidase 5 is expressed by the entire pig male genital tract and once in the seminal plasma contributes to sperm survival and in vivo fertility. PLoS One. 2016;11(9):e0162958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162958. PMid:27627110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0...
, Qazi et al. (2019)Qazi IH, Angel C, Yang H, Zoidis E, Pan B, Wu Z, Ming Z, Zeng CJ, Meng Q, Han H, Zhou G. Role of selenium and selenoproteins in male reproductive function: a review of past and present evidences. Antioxidants. 2019;8(8):268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080268. PMid:31382427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080268...
|
Zn |
Vesicular Glands |
Mitochondrial function; protection against oxidative stress; antibacterial activity of SP; stabilization of DNA nucleoproteins; control of energy for sperm motility; in vivo fertility |
Boursnell et al. (1972), Guthrie et al. (2008)Boursnell JC, Baronos S, Briggs PA, Butler EJ. The concentration of Zinc in boar seminal plasma and vesicular secretion in relation to those of nitrgenous substances, citrate, galactose and fructose. J Reprod Fertil. 1972;29(2):215-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0290215. PMid:5023698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0290215...
, López-Rodriguez et al. (2013)López-Rodriguez A, Rijsselaere T, Beek J, Vyt P, Van Soom A, Maes D. Boar seminal plasma components and their relation with semen quality. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2013;59(1):5-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012.725120. PMid:23083319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012....
|
Enzymes
|
ALP |
Epididymis |
spermatozoa quiescence Modulation of fertilizing capability acquisition |
López-Rodriguez et al. (2013)López-Rodriguez A, Rijsselaere T, Beek J, Vyt P, Van Soom A, Maes D. Boar seminal plasma components and their relation with semen quality. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2013;59(1):5-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012.725120. PMid:23083319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012....
, Bucci et al. (2014)Bucci D, Isani G, Giaretta E, Spinaci M, Tamanini C, Ferlizza E, Galeati G. Alkaline phosphatase in boar sperm function. Andrology. 2014;2(1):100-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00159.x. PMid:24249651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-2927.20...
|
AST |
Epididymis |
Indicator of sperm cell damage |
López-Rodriguez et al. (2013)López-Rodriguez A, Rijsselaere T, Beek J, Vyt P, Van Soom A, Maes D. Boar seminal plasma components and their relation with semen quality. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2013;59(1):5-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012.725120. PMid:23083319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012....
, Ciereszko et al. (1992)Ciereszko A, Glogowski J, Strzezek J, Demianowicz W. Low stability of aspartate aminotransferase activity in boar semen. Theriogenology. 1992;37(6):1269-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(92)90182-Q. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(92)9...
|
Vesicular Glands |
AP |
Epididymis |
Sperm plasma membrane integrity |
Wysocki and Strzezek (2000)Wysocki P, Strzezek J. Molecular forms of acid phosphatase of boar seminal plasma. Anim Sci Pap Rep. 2000;18(2):99-106.
|
Vesicular Glands |
Control of sperm metabolism |
GGT |
|
Protective effect of sperm against oxidative stress |
López-Rodriguez et al. (2013)López-Rodriguez A, Rijsselaere T, Beek J, Vyt P, Van Soom A, Maes D. Boar seminal plasma components and their relation with semen quality. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2013;59(1):5-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012.725120. PMid:23083319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012....
|
LDH |
Testes; Epididymis |
Necessary for energy metabolism of sperm |
Sopkova et al. (2015)Sopkova D, Andrejcakova Z, Vlckova R, Danisova O, Supuka P, Ondrasovicova S, Petrilla V. Lactate dehydrogenase as a possible indicator of reproductive capacity of boars. Indian J Anim Sci. 2015;85(2):143-7., Mann and Lutwak-Mann (1981)Mann T, Lutwak-Mann C. Biochemistry of seminal plasma and male accessory fluids; application to andrological problems. In: Mann T, Lutwak-Mann C, editors. Male reproductive function and semen. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1981. Chapter IX; p. 269-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1300-3_9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-130...
|
(isoenzyme LDH 4) |
Maintenance of sperm motility |
Involved in sperm capacitation |
SOD |
Epididymis; Vesicular Glands; Prostate |
Sperm protection against reactive oxygen species |
Roca et al. (2005)Roca J, Rodríguez MJ, Gil MA, Carvajal G, Garcia EM, Cuello C, Vazquez JM, Martinez EA. Survival and in vitro fertility of boar spermatozoa frozen in the presence of superoxide dismutase and/or catalase. J Androl. 2005;26(1):15-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.2005.tb02867.xPMid:15611562. PMid:15611562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.20...
|
PON-1 |
Testes; Epididymis |
Prevent oxidation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
Barranco et al. (2015a)Barranco I, Roca J, Tvarijonaviciute A, Rubér M, Vicente-Carrillo A, Atikuzzaman M, Cerón JJ, Martínez EA, Rodríguez-Martínez H. Measurement of activity and concentration of paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) in seminal plasma and identification of PON-2 in the sperm of boar ejaculates. Mol Reprod Dev. 2015a;82(1):58-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.22444. PMid:25487823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.22444...
|
GPX-5 |
Testis; Epididymis |
Neutralizing H2O2
|
Barranco et al. (2016)Barranco I, Tvarijonaviciute A, Pérez-Patiño C, Vicente-Carrillo A, Parrilla I, Ceron JJ, Martinez EA, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Roca J. Glutathione peroxidase 5 is expressed by the entire pig male genital tract and once in the seminal plasma contributes to sperm survival and in vivo fertility. PLoS One. 2016;11(9):e0162958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162958. PMid:27627110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0...
|
Vesicular Glands; Prostate; Bulbourethral Glands |
Sperm protection against reactive oxygen species |
Energy Substrates
|
Glucose, fructose, sorbitol |
Vesicular Glands |
Energy source and modulators of sperm function |
Rodríguez-Gil (2013)Rodríguez-Gil JE. Energy management of mature mammalian spermatozoa. In: Lemma A, editor. Success in artificial insemination: quality of semen and diagnostics employed. Croatia: IntechOpen; 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51711. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51711...
|
Other relevant components
|
Citric Acid |
Cauda Epididymis; Vesicular Glands |
pH control in boar semen; Zn, Mg and Ca chelator |
Setchell and Brooks (1988)Setchell BP, Brooks DE. Anatomy, vasculature, innervation and fluids of the male reproductive tract. In: Knobil E, Neil J, editors. The physiology of reproduction. New York: Raven Press; 1988. p. 753-836. (vol. 2)., Kamp and Lauterwein (1995)Kamp G, Lauterwein J. Multinuclear magnetic resonance studies of boar seminal plasma. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995;1243(1):101-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(94)00117-g. PMid:7827097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(94)0...
|
Inositol |
Vesicular Glands |
Maintenance of osmotic balance |
Mann and Lutwak-Mann (1981)Mann T, Lutwak-Mann C. Biochemistry of seminal plasma and male accessory fluids; application to andrological problems. In: Mann T, Lutwak-Mann C, editors. Male reproductive function and semen. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1981. Chapter IX; p. 269-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1300-3_9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-130...
, Setchell and Brooks, 1988Setchell BP, Brooks DE. Anatomy, vasculature, innervation and fluids of the male reproductive tract. In: Knobil E, Neil J, editors. The physiology of reproduction. New York: Raven Press; 1988. p. 753-836. (vol. 2).
|
Phosphate |
Testes; Cauda Epididymis; Vesicular glands; Bulbouethral Glands |
Sperm motility |
Setchell and Brooks (1988)Setchell BP, Brooks DE. Anatomy, vasculature, innervation and fluids of the male reproductive tract. In: Knobil E, Neil J, editors. The physiology of reproduction. New York: Raven Press; 1988. p. 753-836. (vol. 2)., López-Rodriguez et al. (2013)López-Rodriguez A, Rijsselaere T, Beek J, Vyt P, Van Soom A, Maes D. Boar seminal plasma components and their relation with semen quality. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2013;59(1):5-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012.725120. PMid:23083319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2012....
|
Glycero-phosphocholine |
Cauda Epididymis; Vesicular Glands |
Reserve of substrate |
Mann and Lutwak-Mann (1981)Mann T, Lutwak-Mann C. Biochemistry of seminal plasma and male accessory fluids; application to andrological problems. In: Mann T, Lutwak-Mann C, editors. Male reproductive function and semen. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1981. Chapter IX; p. 269-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1300-3_9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-130...
, Cooper (1986)Cooper TG. Function of the epididymis and its secretory products. In: Cooper TG, editor. The epididymis, sperm maturation and fertilisation. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1986. p. 174-272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71471-9_12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-7147...
|
Reduce sperm motility in-vitro |
Regulation of osmotic pressure |
Ergothioneine |
Cauda Epididymis; Vesicular Glands |
Prevention of lipid peroxidation |
Mann and Leone (1953)Mann T, Leone E. Studies on the metabolism of semen. VIII. Ergothioneine as a normal constituent of boar seminal plasma; purification and crystallization; site of formation and function. Biochem J. 1953;53(1):140-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj0530140. PMid:13032046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj0530140...
, Nikodemus et al. (2011)Nikodemus D, Lazic D, Bach M, Bauer T, Pfeiffer C, Wiltzer L, Lain E, Schömig E, Gründemann D. Paramount levels of ergothioneine transporter SLC22A4 mRNA in boar seminal vesicles and cross-species analysis of ergothioneine and glutathione in seminal plasma. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2011;62(4):411-9. PMid:22100842.
|
Maintenance of intracellular SH-groups in a physiologically active condition |
Hypotaurine |
Cauda Epididymis |
Osmoregulation and reducing agent |
Johnson et al. (1972)Johnson LA, Pursel VG, Gerrits RJ, Thomas CH. Free amino acid composition of porcine seminal, epididymal and seminal vesicle fluids. J Anim Sci. 1972;34(3):430-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas1972.343430x. PMid:5010631. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas1972.343430...
|