Infectious disease of the reproductive tract |
Bromfield et al., 2015Bromfield JJ, Santos JEP, Block J, Williams RS, Sheldon IM. 2015. Physiology and Endocrinology Symposium: Uterine infection: linking infection and innate immunity with infertility in the high-producing dairy cow. J Anim Sci, 93:2021-2033.; Eckel and Ametaj, 2016Eckel EF, Ametaj BN. 2016. Invited review: Role of bacterial endotoxins in the etiopathogenesis of periparturient diseases of transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 99:5967-5990.; Sheldon et al., 2018Sheldon IM, Cronin JG, Pospiech M, Turner ML. 2018. Symposium review: Mechanisms linking metabolic stress with innate immunity in the endometrium. J Dairy Sci, 101:3655-3664.; Gilbert, 2019Gilbert RO. 2019. Symposium review: Mechanisms of disruption of fertility by infectious diseases of the reproductive tract. J Dairy Sci, 102:3754-3765.. |
Injury |
Funnell and Hilton, 2016Funnell BJ, Hilton WM. 2016. Management and prevention of dystocia. Vet Clin N Am Food Anim Prac, 32:511-522.; Jewell et al., 2019Jewell MT, Cameron M, Spears J, McKenna SL, Cockram MS, Sanchez J, Keefe GP. 2019. Prevalence of hock, knee, and neck skin lesions and associated riskfactors in dairy herds in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. J Dairy Sci, 102:3376-3391.; Kammel et al., 2019Kammel DW, Burgi K, Lewis J. 2019. Design and management of proper handling systems for dairy cows. Vet Clin N Am Food Anim Prac, 35:195-227.. |
Heat |
Gwazdauskas, 1985Gwazdauskas FC. 1985. Effects of climate on reproduction in cattle. J Dairy Sci, 68:1568-1578.; Hansen, 2007Hansen PJ. 2007. Exploitation of genetic and physiological determinants of embryonic resistance to elevated temperature to improve embryonic survival in dairy cattle during heat stress. Theriogenology, 68 (Suppl 1): S242-249., 2009Hansen PJ. 2009. Effects of heat stress on mammalian reproduction. Phil Trans Royal Soc London. Series B, Biol Sci, 364:3341-3350.; Collier et al., 2017Collier RJ, Renquist BJ, Xiao Y. 2017. A 100-Year Review: Stress physiology including heat stress. J Dairy Sci, 100:10367-10380.; Polsky and von Keyserlingk, 2017Polsky L, von Keyserlingk MAG. 2017. Invited review: Effects of heat stress on dairy cattle welfare. J Dairy Sci, 100:8645-8657.; Roth, 2017Roth Z. 2017. Effect of Heat Stress on Reproduction in Dairy Cows: Insights into the Cellular and Molecular Responses of the Oocyte. Ann Rev Animl Biosci 5:151-170., 2018aRoth Z. 2018a. Stress-induced alterations in oocyte transcripts are further expressed in the developing blastocyst. Mol Reprod Dev, 85:821-835.. |
Metabolic imbalance postpartum |
Lucy et al., 2014Lucy MC, Butler ST, Garverick HA. 2014. Endocrine and metabolic mechanisms linking postpartum glucose with early embryonic and foetal development in dairy cows. Animal, 8:82-90.; Baumgard et al., 2017Baumgard LH, Collier RJ, Bauman DE. 2017. A 100-Year Review: Regulation of nutrient partitioning to support lactation. J Dairy Sci, 100:10353-10366.; Overton et al., 2017Overton TR, McArt JAA, Nydam DV. 2017. A 100-Year Review: Metabolic health indicators and management of dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 100:10398-10417.; Lucy, 2019Lucy MC. 2019. Symposium review: Selection for fertility in the modern dairy cow-Current status and future direction for genetic selection. J Dairy Sci, 102:3706-3721.. |
Social/psychological |
Dobson and Smith, 2000Dobson H, Smith RF. 2000. What is stress, and how does it affect reproduction? Anim Reprod Sci, 60-61:743-752.; Karsch et al., 2002Karsch FJ, Battaglia DF, Breen KM, Debus N, Harris TG. 2002. Mechanisms for ovarian cycle disruption by immune/inflammatory stress. Stress, 5:101-112.; Breen and Karsch, 2006Breen KM, Karsch FJ. 2006. New insights regarding glucocorticoids, stress and gonadotropin suppression. Front Neuroendocrinol, 27:233-245.; Ralph et al., 2016Ralph CR, Lehman MN, Goodman RL, Tilbrook AJ 2016. Impact of psychosocial stress on gonadotrophins and sexual behaviour in females: role for cortisol? Reproduction, 152:R1-R14.; von Keyserlingk and Weary, 2017von Keyserlingk MAG, Weary DM. 2017. A 100-Year Review: Animal welfare in the J Dairy Sci,-The first 100 years. J Dairy Sci, 100:10432-10444.. |
Nutritional |
Butler, 1998Butler WR. 1998. Review: effect of protein nutrition on ovarian and uterine physiology in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 81:2533-2539.; Wilde, 2006Wilde D. 2006. Influence of macro and micro minerals in the peri-parturient period on fertility in dairy cattle. Anim Reprod Sci, 96:240-249.; D’Occhio et al., 2019D’Occhio MJ, Baruselli PS, Campanile G. 2019. Influence of nutrition, body condition, and metabolic status on reproduction in female beef cattle: A review. Theriogenology, 125:277-284.. |
Transportation |
Hong et al., 2019Hong H, Lee E, Lee IH, Lee S-R. 2019. Effects of transport stress on physiological responses and milk production in lactating dairy cows. Asian-Austral J Anim Sci, 32:442-451.. |