Abstract in Portuguese:

Resumo: Neste artigo pretendemos abordar o modo como a tirania e o tirano são apresentados na República, diálogo platônico sobre o qual iremos circunscrever o presente exame. Nosso interesse emerge do ressurgimento, em pleno século XXI, de regimes democraticamente eleitos que, todavia, flertam com o autoritarismo. A tese defendida por Sócrates em República VIII (562b-563e), segundo a qual a tirania nasce do interior da democracia, evidencia as contradições inerentes a esse regime de governo desde seus primórdios, ajudando-nos a repensá-lo nos dias atuais. Para efeito do presente exame, acompanhamos o surgimento do tema da tirania desde o primeiro livro do diálogo, até chegar ao enfoque propriamente dito desse regime nos livros VIII e IX, em que nos deparamos com o surpreendente argumento de que em cada um de nós habita um tirano adormecido (Rep. IX, 576b4-6). A analogia cidade-alma proposta em República II, bem como a tese da alma compósita, em República IV, servem de eixos norteadores para a nossa reflexão.

Abstract in English:

Abstract: Hereby we intend to examine the way by which tyranny and the tyrant are presented in Republic, a Platonic dialogue around which we will circumscribe the present study. Our interest emerges from the resurgence, in the 21st century, of democratically elected regimes that, however, flirt with authoritarianism. Socrates’ thesis, presented in Republic VIII (562b-563e), according to which tyranny arises from within democracy, highlights the contradictions inherent in this government regime since its beginnings, helping us to rethink it today. For the purposes of this study we follow the emergence of the issue of tyranny from the first book of the dialogue, until we reach the proper examination of this regime in books VIII and IX, up to which we are faced with the surprising argument that inside each one of us inhabits a sleeping tyrant (Rep.IX, 576b4-6). The city-soul analogy proposed in Republic II, as well as the composite soul thesis in Republic IV work as guiding conceptions of our investigation.

Abstract in English:

Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to show, based on Aristotle’s theory of scientific demonstration, how soul plays the role of explanatory cause of life in De Anima (henceforth de An.) 2.1-4. Firstly, I evaluate Aristotle’s requirement, in Posterior Analytics (henceforth APo) 1.2 and 2.16, that universal demonstrations must satisfy a coextensional criterion between a given explanandum (A-term) and its most appropriate explanans (B-term). In addition, I argue that this criterion does not entail a causal symmetry between both those terms. Following Angioni (2014a) and Zuppolini (2018), I argue that, whenever one is before apparent multiple-causes scenario cases(in which there seems to be more than one possible cause to the same explanandum(, one shall still find a unified and fully appropriate explanation of that explanandum. In the second part of this paper, I examine an example from de An. 2.1-4 in view of APo 2.16-17. I argue that soul might be pointed out as the explanatory principle (B) that explains why life (A) belongs to a living body (C). Also, I argue that, although there is a core-dependent homonymy taking place between plants (γ1), animals (γ2) and the nutritive capacity (α1), the nutritive soul (β1) plays the role of an incidental factor (συμβεβηκός) in the context of a scientific demonstration that has by explananda whatsoever attributes (αn) that belong to animals (γ2) qua living beings endowed with a perceptive soul (β1) that explains why attributes (αn) belong to them.

Abstract in English:

Abstract: This paper aims to establish a homology between two forms of art: the portraits of Octavian Augustus and Augustan poetry, particularly the works of Horace, Ovid, Propertius, and Virgil. The theoretical frameworks of Nora (1989), Assmann (1995 and 2011), Halbwachs (1968), and Galinsky (2014-2016) are mobilized to support the argument that both artistic expressions can be interpreted as vehicles of collective memory and cultural memory, serving the perpetuation of power and art

Abstract in Portuguese:

Resumo: Apresentamos a tradução de uma passagem específica do romance Leucipe e Clitofonte, de Aquiles Tácio: a cena em que o personagem principal vai ao encontro de seu primo Clínias e recebe dele valiosos ensinamentos sobre sedução. Tal passagem nos chama a atenção por dialogar com a elegia erótica romana, especialmente com a Ars Amatoria de Ovídio e, pela sua estrutura concisa e unitária que ressoa como um pequeno conto dentro do romance. Buscamos, então, recriar em nossa tradução elementos estéticos e literários que ressoem estes aspectos, especialmente o dinamismo da narrativa, sem perder as nuances líricas - ou elegíacas - do texto.

Abstract in English:

Abstract: We presente the trnaslation of a specific passage from the novel Leucippe and Clitophon, by Achilles Tatius: the scene in which the main character goes to meet his cousin Clinias and receives from him valuable teachings on seduction. This passage draws our attention because it dialogues with Roman erotic elegy, especially Ovid's Ars Amatoria, and because of its concise, unitary structure, which resonates like a short story within the novel. We have sought to recreate in our translation aesthetic and literary elements that resonate with these elements, especially the dynamism of the narrative, without losing the lyrical - or elegiac - nuances of the text.