Ovicidal effect of the essential oils from 18 Brazilian Piper species: controlling Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) at the initial stage of development

The toxicities of essential oils (EOs) from 18 species of Brazilian Piperaceae were assessed on eggs of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis. Oils were extracted using steam distillation, and dilutions were made for bioassays at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0%. All EOs reduced larval hatching. The lowest lethal concentrations were obtained from Piper fuligineum (SP), Piper mollicomum “chemotype 1” (SP), Piper mosenii (PR), Piper aduncum (PA) and Piper marginatum (PA). Ovicidal activity is related to the potential toxicity of several compounds, especially dilapiolle, myristicin, asaricine, spathulenol and piperitone. According to our results, EOs from 16 Brazilian Piper species have potential for use as biorational botanical insecticides.

Keywords:
Piper abutiloides; Piper fuligineum; Piper marginatum; bioinseticides

Authorship

Diones Krinski ^**Author for correspondence. E-mail: diones.krinski@unemat.br

Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Biológicas, Engenharia e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Tangará da Serra, Rodovia MT 358, km 7, Jardim Aeroporto, Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Universidade do Estado de Mato GrossoBrazilTangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, BrazilDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Biológicas, Engenharia e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Tangará da Serra, Rodovia MT 358, km 7, Jardim Aeroporto, Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Luís Amilton Foerster

Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Universidade Federal do ParanáBrazilCuritiba, Paraná, BrazilDepartamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

Cicero Deschamps

Departamento de Agronomia, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Universidade Federal do ParanáBrazilCuritiba, Paraná, BrazilDepartamento de Agronomia, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

*Author for correspondence. E-mail: diones.krinski@unemat.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (1)
Tables (4)

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Figure 1
Piper species evaluated and collection regions (Brazilian states).

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Table 1
Piper species evaluated and collection sites (geographic coordinates).

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Table 2
Mean (± SD) number of caterpillars hatching (n= 10) after spraying of essential oils from dried leaves of different species of Piperaceae on Anticarsia gemmatalis eggs three days after treatment in each essential oil concentration.

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Table 3
Lethal concentrations of essential oils from leaves of Piper species to make unviable 50, 75, and 90% (LC₅₀, LC₇₅, and LC₉₀) of Anticarsia gemmatalis eggs.

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Table 4
Main chemical compounds found in the Piper species tested against Anticarsia gemmatalis eggs.

Figure 1 Piper species evaluated and collection regions (Brazilian states).

Table 1 Piper species evaluated and collection sites (geographic coordinates).

Brazilian regions	Piper species (State)	Geographic coordinates* - elevation (m)
North region	Piper aduncum L. (PA)	7°07'43.56"S 55°23'22.09"W - 231 m
	Piper malacophyllum Prels. (PA)	7°06'56.31"S 55°24'22.19"W - 210 m
	Piper marginatum L. (PA)	7°07'43.56"S 55°23'22.09"W - 231 m
South region	Piper. caldense C. DC. “chemotype 2” (PR)	25°29'41.6"S 49°00'50.6"W - 528 m
	Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth. “chemotype 1” (PR)	25°32'59.07"S 49°14'13.09"W - 919 m
	Piper gaudichaudianum “chemotype 2” (PR)	25°29'41.6"S 49°00'50.6"W - 528 m
	Piper mikanianum (Kunth) Steud. (PR)	25°33'21.53"S 49°13'51.34"W - 908 m
	Piper mosenii C. DC. (PR)	25°29'41.6"S 49°00'50.6"W - 528 m
Southeast region	Piper abutiloides Kunth. (SP)	24°12'11.27"S 48°33'42.36"W - 858 m
	Piper amalago L. (SP)	22°50'42.03"S 48°25'34.04"W - 763 m
	Piper arboreum Aubl. (SP)	22°51'37.19"S 48°26'14.32"W - 798 m
	Piper caldense “chemotype 1” (SP)	24°01'18.42"S 47°31'46.37"W - 722 m
	Piper crassinervium Kunth. (SP)	22°51'37.19"S 48°26'14.32"W - 798 m
	Piper mollicomum Kunth. “chemotype 1” (SP)	22°53'32.57"S 48°28'57.45"W - 853 m
	Piper mollicomum “chemotype 2” (SP)	22°53'21.40"S 48°28'12.23"W - 822 m
	Piper fuligineum Kunth. (SP)	22°53'32.57"S 48°28'57.45"W - 853 m
	Piper solmsianum C. DC. (SP)	24°01'16.05"S 47°31'48.41"W - 718 m
	Piper lhotzkyanum Kunth. (SP)	22°50'42.03"S 48°25'34.04"W - 763 m
Midwest region	Piper tuberculatum Jacq. (MT)	4°37'29.32"S 57°29'09.10"W - 385 m
	Piper hispidum Sw. (GO)	16°29'47.47"S 49°16'50.45"W - 825 m
	Piper umbellatum L. (GO)	16°31'00.40"S 49°16'15.16"W - 741 m

*Datum WGS84.

Table 2 Mean (± SD) number of caterpillars hatching (n= 10) after spraying of essential oils from dried leaves of different species of Piperaceae on Anticarsia gemmatalis eggs three days after treatment in each essential oil concentration.

Piper species (Brazilian state)	Treatments/Oil concentrations*							p	CV (%)
Piper species (Brazilian state)	Water	Acetone	0.25%	0.5%	1.0%	2.0%	4.0%
P. abutiloides (SP)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	8.0 ± 0.7 Bb	8.0 ± 0.9 Bb	8.0 ± 0.9 Bb	5.3 ± 3.2 Cc	0.0 ± 0.0 Dd	<0.0001	20.41
P. aduncum (PA)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	3.3 ± 1.7 Ec	2.2 ± 1.4 Dd	5.8 ± 1.8 Cb	1.4 ± 1.1 De	0.0 ± 0.0 Df	<0.0001	16.04
P. amalago (SP)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	9.0 ± 1.1 Aa	8.4 ± 1.1 Bb	8.5 ± 1.2 Bb	7.8 ± 1.4 Bb	0.0 ± 0.0 Dc	<0.0001	13.23
P. arboreum (SP)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	8.9 ± 0.7 Aa	8.2 ± 1.0 Bb	8.0 ± 1.3 Bb	2.2 ± 2.2 Dc	0.0 ± 0.0 Dd	<0.0001	13.80
P. caldense ‘chemotype 1’ (SP)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.8 ± 0.4 a	9.5 ± 0.7 Aa	9.5 ± 3.0 Aa	0.0 ± 0.0 Fb	0.0 ± 0.0 Eb	0.0 ± 0.0 Db	<0.0001	8.89
P. caldense ‘chemotype 2’ (PR)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	5.6 ± 1.6 Db	5.6 ± 1.7 Cb	4.3 ± 1.3 Dc	1.7 ± 1.1 Dd	0.0 ± 0.0 De	<0.0001	21.74
P. crassinervium (SP)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	7.3 ± 1.1 Bb	6.5 ± 1.2 Cc	6.3 ± 0.9 Cc	0.2 ± 0.6 Ed	0.0 ± 0.0 Dd	<0.0001	15.27
P. fuligineum (SP)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	2.3 ± 1.4 Fb	2.3 ± 1.6 Db	2.8 ± 1.8 Eb	0.0 ± 0.0 Ec	0.0 ± 0.0 Dc	<0.0001	30.05
P. gaudichaudianum ‘chem. 1’ (PR)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	8.6 ± 1.2 Bb	8.4 ± 1.0 Bb	8.0 ± 1.2 Bb	0.1 ± 0.3 Ec	0.0 ± 0.0 Dc	<0.0001	13.80
P. gaudichaudianum ‘chem. 2’ (PR)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	8.3 ± 0.7 Bb	8.0 ± 1.3 Bb	8.3 ± 1.2 Bb	7.8 ± 1.2 Bb	7.8 ± 2.0 Bb	0.0082	14.42
P. hispidum (GO)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.8 ± 0.4 a	9.7 ± 0.7 Aa	9.7 ± 0.5 Aa	9.7 ± 0.5 Aa	9.2 ± 0.9 Aa	9.8 ± 0.4 Aa	0.2907	6.06
P. lhotzkyanum (SP)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	9.3 ± 0.7 Aa	9.5 ± 0.8 Aa	9.2 ± 0.8 Aa	0.0 ± 0.0 Eb	0.0 ± 0.0 Db	<0.0001	9.54
P. malacophyllum (PA)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	5.4 ± 1.8 Dc	7.6 ± 2.0 Bb	7.7 ± 1.6 Bb	7.2 ± 1.8 Bb	4.4 ± 1.9 Cc	<0.0001	23.01
P. marginatum (PA)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	6.4 ± 1.6 Cb	6.0 ± 1.9 Cb	2.1 ± 1.5 Ec	0.1 ± 0.3 Ed	0.0 ± 0.0 Dd	<0.0001	26.20
P. mikanianum (PR)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	8.9 ± 1.4 Aa	7.7 ± 0.9 Bb	8.1 ± 1.3 Bb	0.8 ± 1.2 Ec	0.0 ± 0.0 Dc	<0.0001	16.06
P. mollicomum “chemotype 1” (SP)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	4.0 ± 1.1 Eb	0.7 ± 1.0 Ed	2.5 ± 1.8 Ee	0.0 ± 0.0 Ed	0.0 ± 0.0 Dd	<0.0001	25.91
P. mollicomum “chemotype 2” (SP)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	9.2 ± 0.8 Aa	8.2 ± 2.3 Bb	3.4 ± 2.0 Dc	0.0 ± 0.0 Ed	0.0 ± 0.0 Dd	<0.0001	18.80
P. mosenii (PR)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	4.7 ± 1.8 Db	2.1 ± 1.1 Dd	3.6 ± 1.2 Dc	0.1 ± 0.3 Ee	0.1 ± 0.3 De	<0.0001	23.80
P. solmsianum (SP)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.8 ± 0.4 a	9.7 ± 0.5 Aa	9.7 ± 0.6 Aa	9.9 ± 0.3 Aa	9.7 ± 0.7 Aa	9.7 ± 0.5 Aa	0.919	5.39
P. tuberculatum (MT)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	9.8 ± 0.6 Aa	9.1 ± 2.3 Aa	4.1 ± 2.8 Db	0.0 ± 0.0 Ec	0.0 ± 0.0 Dc	<0.0001	20.58
P. umbellatum (GO)	9.6 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.9 a	7.8 ± 1.5 Bb	8.0 ± 1.1 Bb	7.7 ± 0.9 Bb	7.9 ± 1.6 Bb	7.5 ± 1.4 Bb	0.0008	14.56
P	-	-	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
CV (%)	-	-	16.11	17.33	22.92	40.93	37.10

*Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the lines (comparing the concentrations for the same species) and capital letters in columns (comparing the same concentration for different species) do not differ by Scott Knott test (p < 0.05). Means highlighted in bold show concentrations with ovicidal activity (Picollo & Zerba, 1997Picollo, M. I., & Zerba, E. (1997). Embryogenesis. In R. U. Carcavallo, G. L. Galíndez, J. Jurberg, & H. Lent (Eds.), Atlas dos vetores da Doença de Chagas nas Américas. (p. 265-270). Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Fiocruz.).

Table 3 Lethal concentrations of essential oils from leaves of Piper species to make unviable 50, 75, and 90% (LC₅₀, LC₇₅, and LC₉₀) of Anticarsia gemmatalis eggs.

Piper species (Brazilian state)	Lethal Concentration (%)
Piper species (Brazilian state)	LC₅₀ (ci ¹)	LC₇₅ (ci)	LC₉₀ (ci)
P. abutiloides (SP)	1.9 (1.8 - 2.0)	2.9 (2.8 - 3.1)	3.6 (3.4 - 3.8)
P. aduncum (PA)	0.6 (0.3 - 0.9)	2.0 (1.6 - 2.3)	2.8 (2.4 - 3.3)
P. amalago (SP)	2.2 (2.1 - 2.3)	3.3 (3.1 - 3.4)	3.9 (3.7 - 4.1)
P. arboreum (SP)	1.7 (1.4 - 1.9)	2.6 (2.3 - 2.9)	3.19 (2.8 - 3.6)
P. caldense “chem. 1” (SP)	1.2 (0.6 - 1.8)	1.8 (1.1 - 2.4)	2.1 (1.4 - 2.9)
P. caldense “chem. 2” (PR)	1.1 (0.7 - 1.4)	2.2 (1.8 - 2.6)	2.8 (2.3 - 3.3)
P. crassinervium (SP)	1.3 (0.9 - 1.7)	2.2 (1.7 - 2.6)	2.7 (2.1 - 3.3)
P. fuligineum (SP)	0.4 (0.3 - 1.1)	1.5 (0.9 - 2.0)	2.1 (1.4 - 2.8)
P. gaudichaudianum “chem. 1” (PR)	1.5 (1.2 - 1.9)	2.3 (1.9 - 2.8)	2.8 (2.2 - 3.4)
P. gaudichaudianum “chem. 2” (PR)	12.9 (12.4 - 13.3)	21.6 (20.9 - 22.4)	26.9 (26.0 - 27.8)
P. hispidum (GO)	1091.4 (1095.2 - 1087.7)	1683.2 (1689.0 - 1677.3)	2038.2 (2045.3 - 2031.1)
P. lhotzkyanum (SP)	1.6 (1.3 - 2.0)	2.4 (1.9 - 2.9)	2.9 (2.3 - 3.4)
P. malacophyllum (PA)	3.7 (3.6 - 3.8)	6.8 (6.6 - 6.9)	8.6 (8.3 - 8.8)
P. marginatum (PA)	1.0 (0.4 - 1.5)	1.8 (1.2 - 2.4)	2.3 (1.6 - 3.0)
P. mikanianum (PR)	1.6 (1.2 - 1.9)	2.4 (2.0 - 2.8)	2.9 (2.4 - 3.4)
P. mollicomum “chem. 1” (SP)	0.4 (0.3 - 1.2)	1.4 (0.8 - 2.0)	2.0 (1.3 - 2.7)
P. mollicomum “chem. 2” (SP)	1.3 (0.8 - 1.8)	2.0 (1.5 - 2.6)	2.5 (1.8 - 3.1)
P. mosenii (PR)	0.6 (0.0 - 1.1)	1.7 (1.2 - 2.2)	2.4 (1.8 - 3.0)
P. solmsianum (SP)	765.7 (771.1 - 760.3)	1172.2 (1180.5 -1164.0)	1416.1 (1426.1 - 1406.2)
P. tuberculatum (MT)	1.4 (1.0 - 1.9)	2.1 (1.6 - 2.7)	2.6 (1.9 - 3.2)
P. umbellatum (GO)	12.0 (11.6 - 12.3)	20.6 (20.0 - 21.2)	25.8 (25.1 - 26.6)

¹
ci: confidence interval (- 95% and + 95%). Values highlighted in bold show the minors lethal concentrations (LC₅₀ > 1%, LC₇₅ > 2%, and LC₉₀ > 2.5%).

Table 4 Main chemical compounds found in the Piper species tested against Anticarsia gemmatalis eggs.

RI*	Compounds	Piper species**/concentration of each compound (%)
RI*	Compounds	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21
932	α-pinene	-	-	-	-	6.04	-	-	-	-	9.66	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7.80	-	-
974	β-pinene	-	-	-	-	5.17	-	-	-	-	13.18	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.78	-	-	-
1014	α-terpinene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	13.85	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1022	ο-cimene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6.18	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1024	limonene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.05	-	-	-
1025	β-phellandrene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1044	(E)-β-ocimene	-	8.16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6.14	-	4.39	-	-	-	-	-
1054	γ-terpinene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	21.46	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1086	terpinolene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	8.18	-	-	-	11.34	-	-	-	-
1249	piperitone	-	7.82	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1374	α-copaene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-		5.36	-
1417	(E)-caryophyllene	-	-	-	9.5	8.72	-	7.21	-	4.31	17.84	-	8.82	-	-	-	-	-	16.82	9.16	7.87	5.39
1457	allo-aromadendrene	5.53	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1484	germacrene B	-	-	-	20.42	6.79	-	-	-	-	-	6.08	7.46	-	6.11	-	6.38	-	-	-	8.38	-
1489	β-selinene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.93	-	-		-	-	-	-	16.12
1495	asaricine	-	11.86	-	-	-	-	-	10.80	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7.21	-	-	-	-	-
1500	bicyclogermacrene	6.33	-	15.78	21.31	-	-	8.89	5.64	5.12	6.39	11.49	21.71	5.39	-	-	20.41	-	-	32.47	-	10.64
1505	(E, E)-α-farnesene	5.47	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1517	myristicin	22.7	12.61	-	-	-	66.75	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	15.75	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1518	δ-cadinene	-	-	-	-	6.11	-	-	6.69	6.86	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9.12	-	-	-	-
1537	α-cadinene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7.98	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1555	elemicina	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	13.21	-	-	-	-	-	-
1562	(E)-nerolidol	-	-	-	-	-	-	11.74	-	4.02	5.03	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1574	germacrene D-ol	-	-	5.13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1577	spathulenol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.14	-	-	-	7.22	-	-	-	-	21.08	-	7.54	-	-
1582	caryophyllene oxide	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	13.97	-	-	-	-	-	9.82	-	6.35	-
1586	Thujopsan-2-α-ol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.32	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1608	epoxy II humulene		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1620	dill apiole		6.54	-	-	-	-	-	3.82	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1624	1-epi-cubenol		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	24.22	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1652	α-cadinol		-	5.56	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1654	4,6-dimethyl-5-vinyl-1,2-benzodioxide		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	13.9	-	-	-	-	-	-
1683	cadalene		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	33.73	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1700	eudesm-7 (11) -en-4-ol		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	26.4	-	-	-	-	-	-
1759	ciclocolorenone		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9.58	-	-	-	-	-	-

*RI= retention index.**Piper species: 1- P. abutiloides (SP); 2- P. aduncum (PA); 3- P. amalago (SP); 4- P. arboreum (SP); 5- P. caldense (PR); 6- P. caldense (SP); 7- P. crassinervium (SP); 8- P. fuligineum (SP); 9- P. gaudichaudianum “chemotype 1” (PR); 10- P. gaudichaudianum “chemotype 2” (PR); 11- P. hispidum (MT); 12- P. lhotzkyanum (SP); 13- P. malacophyllum (PA); 14- P. marginatum (PA); 15- P. mikanianum (PR); 16- P. mollicomum “chemotype 1” (SP); 17- P. mollicomum “chemotype 2” (SP); 18- P. mosenii (PR); 19- P. solmsianum (SP); 20- P. tuberculatum (MT); 21- P. umbellatum (SP).

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Ovicidal effect of the essential oils from 18 Brazilian Piper species: controlling Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) at the initial stage of development

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[1] *Author for correspondence. E-mail: diones.krinski@unemat.br