Bromatological composition and dry matter production of corn hydroponic fodder

ABSTRACT. The objective was to evaluate sowing density influence on hydroponic corn fodder bromatological composition, harvested in different ages raised on grass mix substrate. The experimental design used was completely randomized with six replications for each treatment, using 2.0 m² plots (1.0 x 2.0 m). The densities were distributed into factorial array (4x4), consisting in four sowing densities (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg m^-²) and four cutting ages (10, 15, 20 and 25 days). The dry matter content (DMC) and production (DMP) and crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), Fiber neutral detergent (FND) and ethereal extract (EE) were analyzed each cutting age. In terms of DMP (kg m^-²), EE (%) and DMC (kg m^-²), it is recommended to use the density 1.0 kg m^-² with cutting age of 25 days. Regarding CP (%) the best result was at 15 days of cut and density 2.5 kg m^-² and the values for FND (%) and ADF (%) were higher at 25 days at 2.0 kg density 2,0 kg m^-². The choice of both best harvesting age and density will depend on what is desired of the nutritional forage (CP, EE, NDF, ADF, DMC and DMP) as well its destination, since very close values were found in all analyzes, regardless of density and age of harvest analyzed.

Keywords:
densities; sowing; cutting; hydroponics; productivity

Authorship

Júlio César Silva Almeida

Departamento de Zootecnia, Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Instituto Federal de Minas GeraisBrazilBambuí, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartamento de Zootecnia, Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

Jean Kaique Valentim ^** Author for correspondence. E-mail: kaique.tim@hotmail.com

Departmento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rua João Rosa Góes, 1761, 79825-070, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Universidade Federal da Grande DouradosBrazilDourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, BrazilDepartmento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rua João Rosa Góes, 1761, 79825-070, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-4149

Dawson José Guimarães Faria

Departmento de Zootecnia, Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, Varginha, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Instituto Federal de Minas GeraisBrazilVarginha, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartmento de Zootecnia, Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, Varginha, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

Cassia Maria Silva Noronha

Jonatan Mikhail Del Solar Velarde

Departmento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil.Universidade Federal de SergipeBrazilSão Cristóvão, Sergipe, BrazilDepartmento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil.

Janaina Palermo Mendes

Rita Therezinha Rolim Pietramale

Henrique Momo Ziemniczak

* Author for correspondence. E-mail: kaique.tim@hotmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (7)

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Table 1
Probability of significance (p-value) at the 5% level between sowing density (kg m^-²), harvesting age (days) and their interaction.

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Table 2
Dry matter content of complete forage of hydroponic corn (corn + substrate) as a function of sowing density (kg m^-²) and harvest ages (days).

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Table 3
Crude Protein (CP) of the complete forage of hydroponic corn (corn + substrate) as a function of sowing density (kg m^-²) and harvest ages (days).

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Table 4
Neutral detergent fiber content (NDF) of the complete forage of hydroponic corn (corn + substrate) as a function of sowing density (kg m^-²) and harvest ages (days).

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Table 5
Fiber content in acid detergent of the complete forage of hydroponic corn (corn + substrate) as a function of sowing density (kg m^-²) and harvest ages (days).

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Table 6
Ethereal Extract Content (EE) of the complete forage of hydroponic corn (corn + substrate) as a function of sowing density (kg m^-²) and harvest ages (days).

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Table 7
Production of dry matter of complete forage of hydroponic corn (corn + substrate) as a function of sowing density (kg m^-²) and harvest ages (days).

Table 1 Probability of significance (p-value) at the 5% level between sowing density (kg m^-²), harvesting age (days) and their interaction.

Parameters	DMP (g)	DMC (%)	CP (%)	NDF (%)	ADF (g)	EE (%)
Density (kg m^-²)	0.045	0.008	0.034	0.023	0.021	0.006
Harvest age (days)	0.025	0.043	0.067	0.009	0.0076	0.05
Density x Harvest age	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

NS = Not significant.

Table 2 Dry matter content of complete forage of hydroponic corn (corn + substrate) as a function of sowing density (kg m^-²) and harvest ages (days).

	Harvest age (days)
Density (kg m^-²)	10	15	20	25
1.0	26.40 bC	28.60 aB	22.32 Ad	35.23 aA
1.5	31.05 aA	16.27 cC	16.10 dC	18.05 cB
2.0	18.84 dA	16.66 cB	18.13 cA	14.04 dC
2.5	21.37 cB	21.90 Bb	19.51 bC	23.59 bA

Means followed by the same uppercase letters in the same row and lowercase in the same column do not differ statistically (p > 0,05) from each other by the Tukey test.

Table 3 Crude Protein (CP) of the complete forage of hydroponic corn (corn + substrate) as a function of sowing density (kg m^-²) and harvest ages (days).

	Harvest age (days)
Density (kg m^-²)	10	15	20	25
1.0	9.50 bA	9.89 bA	9.52 aD	9.10 cA
1.5	10.46 aB	9.79 bC	11.42 aA	10.74aB
2.0	10.38 aB	9.75 bB	8.78 cC	11.37 aA
2.5	9.89 abB	11.49 aA	10.49 bB	10.14 bB

Means followed by the same uppercase letters in the same row and lowercase in the same column do not differ statistically (p > 0,05) from each other by the Tukey test.

Table 4 Neutral detergent fiber content (NDF) of the complete forage of hydroponic corn (corn + substrate) as a function of sowing density (kg m^-²) and harvest ages (days).

	Harvest age (days)
Density (kg m^-²)	10	15	20	25
1.0	50.08 aA	45.67 bB	37.87 cC	27.2 dD
1.5	44.39 cB	49.74 aA	43.39 bB	43.4 cB
2.0	48.31 bB	43.25 cD	46.79 aC	61.2 aA
2.5	38.72 dD	48.60 aA	43.08 bC	44.7 bB

Means followed by the same uppercase letters in the same row and lowercase in the same column do not differ statistically (p > 0,05) from each other by the Tukey test.

Table 5 Fiber content in acid detergent of the complete forage of hydroponic corn (corn + substrate) as a function of sowing density (kg m^-²) and harvest ages (days).

	Harvest age (days)
Density (kg m^-²)	10	15	20	25
1.0	27.80 aA	25.44 bB	18.86 cC	13.21 cD
1.5	23.95 cB	27.36Aa	22.66 aC	23.3 bBC
2.0	25.22 bB	22.91 cC	24.17 bB	36.49 aA
2.5	19.96 dC	27.23 aA	22.64 bB	22.64 bB

Means followed by the same uppercase letters in the same row and lowercase in the same column do not differ statistically (p > 0,05) from each other by the Tukey test.

Table 6 Ethereal Extract Content (EE) of the complete forage of hydroponic corn (corn + substrate) as a function of sowing density (kg m^-²) and harvest ages (days).

	Harvest age (days)
Density (kg m^-²)	10	15	20	25
1.0	1.81 aB	1.93 aB	2.43 aA	2.62 aA
1.5	1.91 aB	1.40 bC	2.47 aA	1.94 bB
2.0	2.10 aA	1.85 aAB	1.45 bC	1.59 bBC
2.5	2.02 aA	1.62ab B	2.13 aA	1.91 bAB

Means followed by the same uppercase letters in the same row and lowercase in the same column do not differ statistically (p > 0.05) from each other by the Tukey test.

Table 7 Production of dry matter of complete forage of hydroponic corn (corn + substrate) as a function of sowing density (kg m^-²) and harvest ages (days).

	Harvest age (days)
Density (kg m^-²)	10	15	20	25
1.0	1.32 dC	3.12 bB	2.65 cB	5.01 aA
1.5	4.09 aA	2.43 cC	3.20 bcB	3.42 bB
2.0	2.64 cB	2.75 bcB	3.67 abA	2.66 cB
2.5	3.45 bC	4.38 aAB	3.98 aBC	4.69 aA

Means followed by the same uppercase letters in the same row and lowercase in the same column do not differ statistically (p > 0,05) from each other by the Tukey test.

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Bromatological composition and dry matter production of corn hydroponic fodder

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[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: kaique.tim@hotmail.com