Performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets containing different types of carbohydrates associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids

This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets with different types of carbohydrates associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thirty castrated male lambs (20.5 ± 7.6 kg) were used, distributed in a randomized block design under three experimental diets: High proportion of non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) diet; High NFC diet + spineless cactus (high proportion of NFC and spineless cactus) and Low NFC diet (low proportion of NFC), in a 60 day experimental period. The variables of nutrient intake, performance, and carcass characteristics were evaluated. The animals fed the High NFC + spineless cactus diet presented a higher dry matter intake, organic matter, mineral matter, crude protein, and total carbohydrates intake (p <0.05). Carcass characteristics and weight of commercial cuts were improved in High NFC and High NFC + spineless cactus diets (p <0.05), on the other hand we observed a total fat weight reduction in animals fed with High NFC + spineless cactus. The results indicate that high levels of NFC positively influence animal performance, where the type of carbohydrate influences nutrient intake, also affecting carcass characteristics.

Keywords:
carcass yield; sheep production; weight gain

Authorship

Rafael Lopes Soares

Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, 58397-000, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrazilAreia, Paraíba, BrazilDepartamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, 58397-000, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil.

Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga

Rui José Branquinho Bessa

Centro de Pesquisa Interdisciplinar em Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. Universidade de LisboaPortugalLisboa, Portugal Centro de Pesquisa Interdisciplinar em Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.

Francinilda Alves de Sousa

Beatriz Dantas Oliveira Fernandes

Anaiane Pereira Souza

Instituto de Estudos do Trópico Úmido, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Xinguara, Pará, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do ParáBrazilXinguara, Pará, BrazilInstituto de Estudos do Trópico Úmido, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Xinguara, Pará, Brazil.

Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros ^** Author for correspondence. E-mail: ariosvaldo.medeiros@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1997-2649

* Author for correspondence. E-mail: ariosvaldo.medeiros@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (6)

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Table 1
Chemical composition of experimental diet ingredients.

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Table 2
The proportion of ingredients and chemical composition of experimental diets.

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Table 3
Nutrient intake by lambs fed with different sources and types of carbohydrates in experimental diets.

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Table 4
Performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed with different sources and types of carbohydrates in experimental diets.

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Table 5
Commercial cuts in the carcass of lambs fed with different sources and types of carbohydrates.

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Table 6
Tissue composition and leg muscle index of lambs fed with different sources and types of carbohydrates.

Table 1 Chemical composition of experimental diet ingredients.

Composition g kg^-1	Ingredients
Composition g kg^-1	Tifton Hay	Ground corn	Soybean meal	Spineless cactus
Dry matter¹	885.1	885.8	872.9	256.7
Organic matter²	940.4	965.1	931.1	931.1
Ash²	59.6	34.9	61.4	68.9
Crude protein²	89.1	92.0	487.8	19.6
Ethereal extract²	19.5	59.1	19.0	9.30
Fiber in Neutral Detergent²	728.0	278.7	158.7	194.1
Non-Fibrous Carbohydrates²	103.8	535.3	273.1	708.1
Total Carbohydrates²	831.8	814.0	431.8	902.2

¹g kg^-1 of natural matter; ²g kg^-1 of dry matter.

Table 2 The proportion of ingredients and chemical composition of experimental diets.

Experimental diets g kg^-1
Ingredients	High NFC	High NFC + spineless cactus	Low NFC
Tifton hay	250	250	730
Corn	532	60	50
Soybean meal	160	232	162
Spineless cactus	-	400	-
Sunflower oil	30	30	30
Fish oil	10	10	10
Mineral supplement	10	10	10
Limestone	8	8	8
Chemical composition g kg^-1
Dry Matter¹	884.8	639.3	890.7
Ash²	61.3	76.8	73.2
Organic Matter²	938.7	923.2	926.8
Crude Protein²	149.3	148.8	148.7
Ether Extract²	79.0	56.1	59.9
Neutral Detergent Fiber²	355.7	313.2	571.1
Non Fibrous Carbohydrates²	354.4	404.7	146.8
Total Carbohydrates²	710.1	717.8	717.9

¹g kg^-1 of natural matter; ²g kg^-1 of dry matter.

Table 3 Nutrient intake by lambs fed with different sources and types of carbohydrates in experimental diets.

Variables	Experimental diets			SEM¹⁰	p-value¹¹
Variables	High NFC	High NFC+ Spineless cactus	Low NFC	SEM¹⁰	p-value¹¹
DMI BW^0.75 g kg^-1	79.9b	131.6a	78.69b	4.39	<0.001
DMI BW %²	3.4b	5.8 a	3.52b	0.180	<0.001
Intake
DM³ (g day^-1)	996.3b	1574.3a	894.3b	95.8	<0.001
OM⁴ (g day^-1)	933.7b	1459a	828.9b	88.6	<0.001
Ash (g day^-1)	62.5b	115.21a	65.4b	7.20	<0.001
CP⁵ (g day^-1)	153.9b	230.6a	138.6b	13.32	<0.001
EE⁶ (g day^-1)	79.21 to	89.14a	54.4b	5.42	0.003
NDF⁷ (g day^-1)	369.2b	488.7a	439.5 to	32.88	0.0194
NFC⁸ (g day^-1)	330.8b	649.9a	142.0 c	39.60	<0.001
TC⁹ (g day^-1)	700.1b	1138.6a	635.5b	70.05	<0.001

¹Dry matter intake by metabolic weight; ²Dry matter intake by body weight; ³Dry matter; ⁴Organic matter;⁵Crude protein; ⁶Ether extract; ⁷Neutral fiber detergent; ⁸Non fibrous carbohydrates; ⁹Total carbohydrates; ¹⁰Standard error of the mean; ¹¹Probability; a and b differ from each other by Tukey's test (p <0.05).

Table 4 Performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed with different sources and types of carbohydrates in experimental diets.

Variables	Experimental diets			SEM¹	p-value²
Variables	High NFC	High NFC +Spineless cactus	Low NFC	SEM¹	p-value²
Initial weight (kg)	20.5	20.5	20.5	0.99	0.9597
Final weight (kg)	35.9a	35.3a	30.6b	1.21	<0.0001
Average daily gain (g)	252a	226a	168b	0.01	<0.0001
Slaughter body weight (kg)	34.8a	32.0a	27.8b	1.07	<0.0001
Empty body weight (kg)	30.9a	28.6y	23.4b	1.05	<0.0001
Warm carcass weight (kg)	17.7a	16.5a	14.1b	0.62	<0.0001
Cold carcass weight (kg)	17.3a	16.1a	13.1b	0.63	<0.0001
Kidney fat (g)	200 to	175 to	103b	0.01	0.0057
Warm carcass yield (%)	51.5	51.3	50.8	0.93	0.9528
Cold carcass yield (%)	50.3a	49.9a	46.7b	0.52	<0.0001
Biological yield (%)	59.1	57.5	60.6	1.12	0.5068
Cooling weight loss (%)	2.60	2.74	2.86	0.04	0.0706
Ribeye area (cm²)	11.9	11.8	10.3	0.39	0.0799

¹Mean standard error; ²Probability; a and b differ from each other by the Tukey test (p <0.05).

Table 5 Commercial cuts in the carcass of lambs fed with different sources and types of carbohydrates.

Variables	Experimental diets			SEM¹	p-value²
Variables	High NFC	High NFC +Spineless cactus	Low NFC	SEM¹	p-value²
Shoulder (kg)	1.43a	1.35a	1.14b	0.05	<0.0001
Neck (kg)	1.02a	0.96a	0.72b	0.05	<0.0001
Rib (kg)	1.29a	1.20a	0.95b	0.06	<0.0001
Breast (kg)	1.17a	1.08y	0.89b	0.05	<0.0001
Loin (kg)	0.75a	0.74a	0.57b	0.03	<0.0001
Leg (kg)	2.45a	2.31a	1.96b	0.08	<0.0001
Yield of commercial cuts
Shoulder (%)	17.79	17.66	18.38	0.21	0.2775
Neck (%)	17.79	17.66	18.38	0.21	0.2775
Rib (%)	15.81	15.72	15.22	0.26	0.6126
Breast (%)	14.39	14.0	14.41	0.20	0.6572
Loin (%)	9.23	9.68	9.19	0.14	0.3325
Leg (%)	30.43b	30.26b	31.83a	0.28	<0.0001

¹Mean standard error; ²Probability; a and b differ from each other (p <0.05) by the Tukey test.

Table 6 Tissue composition and leg muscle index of lambs fed with different sources and types of carbohydrates.

Variables	Experimental diets			SEM¹	p-value²
Variables	High NFC	High NFC +Spineless cactus	Low NFC	SEM¹	p-value²
Muscles (g)	1569a	1500a	1313b	53.89	<0.001
Pelvic fat (g)	32.2	28.1	22.9	2.44	0.083
Subcutaneous fat (g)	85.6a	61.4ab	36.5b	5.18	<0.001
Intermuscular fat (g)	142a	118ab	103b	9.98	<0.001
Total fat (g)	260a	208b	162b	14.07	<0.001
Bones (g)	397a	403a	345b	10.69	<0.001
Other tissues (g)	133a	109ab	80.8b	129.1	<0.001
Muscle:fat ratio	6.55	7.49	8.57	0.38	0.106
Muscle:bone ratio	3.99	3.70	3.77	0.08	0.231
Leg Muscle Index	0.37ab	0.38a	0.35b	0.01	<0.001

¹Mean standard error; ²Probability; a and b differ from each other by the Tukey test (p <0.05).

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Performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets containing different types of carbohydrates associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids

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[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: ariosvaldo.medeiros@gmail.com