The Eucoilinae, together with the Opiinae (Braconidae) are the most important parasitoids of the flies of the superfamily Tephritoidea. In order to provide knowledge on the Eucoilinae species in Brazil such as geographic distribution, hosts and the parasitism levels, 170 samples of parasitoids from 51 counties of the five Brazilian regions were examined. A total of 2025 parasitoids were obtained from which, six species (42.82%) have been associated to larvae of Tephritoidea. The parasitoids were associated to seven species of fly larvae which feed on the fruits of 33 species belonging to 15 families. The Eucoilinae species are generalists, as they parasite Anastrepha species (Tephritidae) and Lonchaeidae as well. Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes) was the most abundant species (29.93%) with the broadest distribution in Brazil. Dicerataspis flavipes (Kieffer) was only collected in São Paulo State, associated to Anastrepha species. This parasitoid is attracted to star fruits (Averrhoa carambola L.), since 96,34% of D. flavipes were obtained in larvae inside this fruit. Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rhower) and Odontosema anastrephae Borgmeier were associated to Anastrepha pseudoparallela (Loew) and to species of Neosilba in Passifloraceae (first record). Aganaspis nordlanderi Wharton was recorded in Amazonas State associated to Anastrepha bahiensis Lima (first record). Aganaspis pelleranoi, D. flavipes and L. anastrephae were associated to Anastrepha amita Zucchi in Citharexylum myrianthum Cham. in São Paulo State (first record). Trybliographa sp. parasites mainly lonchaeid larvae, and it is being recorded for the first time in the State of São Paulo. The parasitism levels varied from 0.07 to 42.86%, depending on collection sites, fruit types and host flies.
Insecta; Aganaspis; Dicerataspis; Lopheucoila; Odontosema; Anastrepha
