Ciencia Ciudadana en áreas protegidas: buenas prácticas para la formulación e implementación de proyectos

Pegler, Gabriela Francisco; Ranieri, Victor Eduardo Lima

doi:10.1590/1809-4422asoc01521vu27L4OA

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Sumário

Original Article • Ambient. soc. 27 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc01521vu27L4OA linkcopiar

Ciencia Ciudadana en áreas protegidas: buenas prácticas para la formulación e implementación de proyectos

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

En iniciativas llevadas a cabo en áreas protegidas, la ciencia ciudadana puede generar datos útiles para la toma de decisiones, además de hacer que la gobernanza de estas áreas sea más inclusiva y participativa. Aunque existen pautas generales que guían los proyectos de ciencia ciudadana, se ha explorado poco en términos de buenas prácticas para la concepción e implementación de estas iniciativas en áreas protegidas. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar proyectos/programas de ciencia ciudadana desarrollados en áreas naturales protegidas e identificar buenas prácticas relacionadas con su concepción e implementación. A través de una Revisión Bibliográfica Sistemática, fue posible identificar 45 buenas prácticas, distribuidas en 7 categorías de análisis: Aspectos financieros; Gobernanza; Diseño del proyecto; Aspectos metodológicos; Participación; Difusión de resultados; Evaluación. Se concluyó que las prácticas identificadas pueden servir como valiosa guía para los coordinadores de proyectos de ciencia ciudadana, fortaleciendo el desarrollo de iniciativas exitosas en áreas protegidas.

Palabras-clave:
Participación; lecciones aprendidas; monitoreo; gobernanza; toma de decisiones

Criterion	Inclusion	Exclusion
Language	English*	Other
Accessibility	Entire text accessible	Entire text not accessible
Document type	Periodical articles	Books; conference papers
Academic discipline	Environmental and social sciences	Other
Study objective	Original works that provide best practices to implement citizen science initiatives	Review works or articles that do not provide best practices to implement citizen science initiatives
Research sites	Entirely or partially in protected areas	Wholly outside protected areas

BEST PRACTICE
Category
Financing	- Evaluating cost/benefits of adopting citizen science (1); - Using cost-efficient means of data collection and systematization (2); - Considering committed time of citizen scientists in addressing project needs to reduce recruitment and training costs (1); - Optimizing monitoring by integrating tasks with activities conducted by the protected area team (2); - Optimizing financial, material, and human resources when partners are involved (7).
Governance	- Creating partnerships and encouraging multisector collaboration (11); - Ensuring the involvement of credible partners (5); - Creating partnerships with diverse expertise (2); - Formalizing partnerships to ensure fulfillment of commitments (2); - Clarifying responsibilities and duties of parties (2); - Including relevant parties in planning (2).
Project Design	- Identify facilitating and restrictive conditions for project implementation stages (identifying problems; defining objectives; involving citizen scientists; collecting and analyzing data; disseminating results and evaluating) (3); - Identifying priority areas for conservation project development (1); - Using knowledge gaps to define project priorities (1); - Setting well-defined schedules (3); - Maintaining constant teams where appropriate (3); - Matching the profiles of potential citizen scientists to project needs in terms of age, education, and motivation (1); - Taking heterogeneity into account in designing citizen scientist teems based on required skills (4); - Keeping tasks simple and site appropriate (3); - Promoting adaptability in designing monitoring schematics (4); - Integrating project actions with protected area management instruments (2); - Consider the possibility of integrating local knowledge as a source of data and useful information for the project (1).
Methodology	- Knowing the skills of citizen scientists before selection (3); - Training and qualifying citizen scientists when appropriate (13); - Adapting training and data collection to the specifics of citizen scientists and the context of project development (5); - Providing opportunities for dialogue between citizen scientists and protected area staff to enhance learning opportunities (10); - Using standard protocols (6); - Adopting ideas from existing monitoring protocols as appropriate (1); - Adapting demands of data collection protocols to participants’ time and skills attainable with available training resources (1); - Consider using or integrating diverse monitoring formats, such as opportunistic or focused, as appropriate (1); - Verifying the accuracy of data collected by citizen scientists whenever the method requires or permits (8); - Considering sampling bias as appropriate (4).
Citizen Scientist Engagement	- Providing incentives for participating in citizen science (18); - Providing a variety of opportunities to participate in citizen science (8); - Reinforcing the value of citizen scientists’ contributions (8); - Monitoring the motivation levels of citizen scientists throughout the project (6); - Encouraging citizen scientists to reevaluate their commitments, which may conflict with those required by the project (1).
Dissemination of Findings	- Disseminating project results to citizen scientists and public (6); - Ensuring that data analyzed and interpreted by participants is accessible for decision-making (7); - Disseminating results on Citizen Science Platforms (1); - Seeking partners to disseminate the results at different scales of interest (1); - Communicating identified priority research topics (1); - Addressing issues related to data anonymity (1).
Evaluation	- Providing methods to evaluate project effectiveness (7); - Using monitoring results to enhance subsequent project cycles (3).

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[TFN1] * Portuguese and Spanish languages were excluded in view of their relatively low relevance in pilot tests that captured an insignificant number of articles.

[TFN2] Font: the authors, 2024.