Conflictos e injusticias socioambientales en la Reserva Extractiva de Acaú-Goiana

Souto, Aline de Souza; Bezerra, Virgínia Carmem da Rocha; Gonçalves, Glaciene Mary da Silva; Santos, Mariana Olívia Santana dos; Gurgel, Aline do Monte

doi:10.1590/1809-4422asoc0225r3vu27L1OA

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Original Article • Ambient. soc. 27 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc0225r3vu27L1OA linkcopiar

Conflictos e injusticias socioambientales en la Reserva Extractiva de Acaú-Goiana

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

Los conflictos socioambientales son la clave para entender contradicciones e injusticias del actual modelo de desarrollo. El Atlas Global de Justicia Ambiental (EJAtlas) es un inventario en Internet de los conflictos e injusticias ambientales, que sirve para las denuncias de los territorios afectados. El artículo analiza los conflictos e injusticias socioambientales derivados de la caña de azúcar en la Reserva Extractiva de Acaú-Goiana, Pernambuco, Brasil. Se realizó un estudio de caso descriptivo con trabajadores rurales basado en cartografía social y documentos, analizados según las categorías del EJAtlas. En la Reserva, creada para la protección de los bienes naturales han surgido nuevos conflictos debido a la instalación de granjas camaroneras y condominios privados que presionan el territorio. Entre otros impactos, destacan la contaminación del aire, del suelo y de los recursos hídricos, la inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional, las violaciones de los derechos humanos y los problemas de salud mental.

Palabras-clave:
Conflictos socioambientales; Injusticia ambiental; Salud y medio ambiente; Salud de los trabajadores rurales; Reserva extractiva

Category	Description
Basic data	Conflict name; country; conflict location; location accuracy; project area; population type.
Conflict source	Conflict type: first level (leading cause of the conflict) and second level (underlying causes within the conflict); specific product; conflict description.
Project details	Project details; investment level; affected population (quantitative); company names; international and financial institutions; relevant government actors; environmental justice organizations (and other supporters).
Conflict and mobilization	Start of conflict; end of conflict; conflict intensity; when the mobilization began; relationship of the conflict with other socioenvironmental conflicts mapped in the EJAtlas; groups involved in the mobilization; mobilization types.
Impacts	Visible and potential environmental health and socioeconomic impacts.
Conflict responses	Current status of project development; conflict result/response; space to determine whether or not there was environmental justice regarding the conflict.
Sources and material	Pictures, videos, and scientific references.

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ANPPAS - Revista Ambiente e Sociedade Anppas / Revista Ambiente e Sociedade - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistaambienteesociedade@gmail.com

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[TFN1] Source: Santos et al., 2022.

Environmental Impacts	Air pollution, loss of biodiversity (wildlife and agrodiversity), desertification/drought, fires, food insecurity (crop damage), global warming, loss of landscape/aesthetic degradation, soil contamination, soil erosion, deforestation and loss of vegetation cover, pollution of surface waters/water quality deterioration (physical-chemical and biological). Pollution or depletion of groundwater, large-scale disruption of hydro and geological systems, reduced ecological/hydrological connectivity.
Socioeconomic Impacts	Displacement, increased violence and crime, lack of job security, work absenteeism, layoffs, unemployment, and loss of livelihood. Loss of traditional knowledge/practices/cultures, social problems (alcohol abuse and prostitution), human rights violations, land expropriation, loss of landscape/sense of place. Other socioeconomic impacts include land use and occupation conflicts, with loss, expropriation, and destruction of objects and historical symbols of the community, reflecting the loss of cultural identity.
Health Impacts	Accidents, exposure to unknown or uncertain complex risks (such as radiation), malnutrition, mental problems including stress, depression, and suicide, health impacts related to violence (homicide and rape), health problems related to alcohol abuse, prostitution, occupational diseases, and accidents, and deaths. Other health impacts: Serious respiratory problems were reported due to burning sugarcane and pesticide poisoning.