Gran parte de la población mundial vive en ciudades y hay estimaciones de aumento para los próximos años. Muchos de los asentamientos más grandes se encuentran en las zonas más vulnerables, como la costa. El crecimiento de la población urbana requiere la expansión de los servicios públicos y más infraestructura local. El crecimiento económico, que se puede confundirse con el desarrollo, puede aumentar el riesgo de epidemias y desastres, cuando hay ocupación de zonas de riesgo y la desigualdad en la prestación de servicios básicos. Este trabajo, en el ámbito del desarrollo conjunto del sector de la salud y el desarrollo sostenible como estrategias para reducir la vulnerabilidad, hace una aproximación metodológica a la costa de Sao Paulo - Brasil. Los municipios del estudio tienen una buena estructura para mapear riesgos. Sin embargo, el mismo no es cierto para la promoción de un desarrollo sostenible.

Palabra clave:
vulnerabilidad; gestión urbana; crecimiento económico; protección civil; dengue

Autoría

LUCIANA DE RESENDE LONDE

. Remote Sensing Doctor, Researcher at Cemaden - National Center for Monitoring and Early Warnings of Disasters. luciana.londe@cemaden.gov.brCemaden - National Center for Monitoring and Early Warnings of DisastersBrazilBrazil. Remote Sensing Doctor, Researcher at Cemaden - National Center for Monitoring and Early Warnings of Disasters. luciana.londe@cemaden.gov.br

LÍVIA GONZAGA MOURA

. MSc. - Sciences, Analyst at Cemaden - National Center for Monitoring and Early Warnings of Disasters, livia.moura@cemaden.gov.brCemaden - National Center for Monitoring and Early Warnings of DisastersBrazilBrazil. MSc. - Sciences, Analyst at Cemaden - National Center for Monitoring and Early Warnings of Disasters, livia.moura@cemaden.gov.br

MARCOS PELLEGRINI COUTINHO

. MSc. - Vegetal Production, Doctoral Student at Universidade Federal de São Carlos, mzpcout@gmail.comUniversidade Federal de São CarlosBrazilBrazil. MSc. - Vegetal Production, Doctoral Student at Universidade Federal de São Carlos, mzpcout@gmail.com

VICTOR MARCHEZINI

. PhD in Sociology, Researcher at Cemaden - National Center for Monitoring and Early Warnings of Disasters. victor.marchezini@cemaden.gov.brCemaden - National Center for Monitoring and Early Warnings of DisastersBrazilBrazil. PhD in Sociology, Researcher at Cemaden - National Center for Monitoring and Early Warnings of Disasters. victor.marchezini@cemaden.gov.br

ERICO SORIANO

. Environmental Engineering Sciences Doctor, Consultant at Alea Consulting, ericogeo@gmail.com Alea ConsultingBrazilBrazil. Environmental Engineering Sciences Doctor, Consultant at Alea Consulting, ericogeo@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tablas

Figuras (4)
Tablas (2)

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Figure 1:
Interrelations between urbanization and vulnerability.

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Figure 2:
Coastline of the state of São Paulo: southern municipalities in shades of pink, northern municipalities in shades of green, State of São Paulo highlighted on the map of Brazil on the right.

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Figure 3:
Relations between sustainable development and disaster risk reduction.

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Figure 4:
History of warnings of risks associated with floods and landslides, issued by Cemaden to the municipalities of the São Paulo Coast between 2011 and 2016.

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Table 1
Characteristics of the municipalities of the coast of São Paulo

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Table 2
Data on health, development and social vulnerability related to the municipalities of the São Paulo coast

Figure 1: Interrelations between urbanization and vulnerability.

Source: Organized by the authors.

Figure 2: Coastline of the state of São Paulo: southern municipalities in shades of pink, northern municipalities in shades of green, State of São Paulo highlighted on the map of Brazil on the right.

Source: Organized by the authors.

Figure 3: Relations between sustainable development and disaster risk reduction.

Source: Organized by the authors.

Figure 4: History of warnings of risks associated with floods and landslides, issued by Cemaden to the municipalities of the São Paulo Coast between 2011 and 2016.

Source: Cemaden. * Some municipalities are not mapped to multiple hazards, but receive integrated warnings.

Table 1 Characteristics of the municipalities of the coast of São Paulo

Coast (N/S)	Municípality	Political Autonomy	Population (2016)	Growth Rate	Water Supply	Sanitation services	Collection of Solid Waste	IDHM	IPRS	Vegetation Cover (%)*
São Paulo State			43.359.005	0,85	97,91	89,75	99,66	0,783	-	22,9
South	Bertioga	1991	57.109	3,13	90,20	30,81	99,68	0,730	G2	78
	Cananéia	1905	12.236	0,01	95,88	68,93	98,65	0,720	G3	81
	Cubatão (*)	1948	125.047	0,88	87,76	54,09	99,05	0,737	G2	55
	Guarujá	1934	305.938	0,87	93,17	77,97	99,17	0,751	G2	43
	Iguape	1849	29.158	0,19	87,87	73,10	92,75	0,726	G4	74
	Ilha Comprida	1991	9.774	1,38	88,75	38,04	97,91	0,725	G5	60
	Itanhaém	1700	94.088	1,33	92,59	24,40	97,28	0,745	G4	77
	Mongaguá	1959	51.380	1,79	97,48	32,66	99,20	0,754	G5	80
	Peruíbe	1959	63.609	1,06	91,85	38,00	98,85	0,749	G5	69
	Praia Grande	1964	295.928	2,09	98,81	72,53	99,69	0,754	G2	60
	Santos	1546	424.599	0,21	99,80	99,56	95,29	0,840	G1	63
	São Vicente	1700	347.733	0,76	99,36	87,08	99,71	0,768	G5	59
North	Caraguatatuba	1857	110.384	1,55	98,21	57,94	99,79	0,759	G2	74
	Ilhabela	1805	31.508	1,91	81,40	7,37	99,48	0,756	G2	84
	São Sebastião	1636	82.079	1,79	70,65	52,46	99,79	0,772	G2	84
	Ubatuba	1637	84.872	1,27	75,05	27,65	99,67	0,751	G4	85

Source: IMP/SEADE. Specifications:
Growth Rate - Geometric Rate of Annual Population Growth - 2010/2016 (In % per year)
IDHM - Municipal Human Development Index (2010)
IPRS - São Paulo Social Responsibility Index (2014), where: G1 - municipalities characterized by a high level of wealth with good levels of social indicators; G2 - municipalities that, although with high levels of wealth, are not able to achieve good social indicators; G3 - municipalities with a low level of wealth, but with good social indicators; G4 - municipalities that present low levels of wealth and intermediate levels of longevity and / or schooling and G5 - the most disadvantaged municipalities of the State, both in wealth and in social indicators. Water, sewage and garbage indicators for 2010. * Vegetation data, source - SOS Mata Atlântica Foundation.

Table 2 Data on health, development and social vulnerability related to the municipalities of the São Paulo coast

		Bertioga	Cananéia	Caraguatatuba	Cubatão	Guarujá	Iguape	Ilha Comprida	Ilhabela	Itanhaém	Mongaguá	Peruíbe	Praia Grande	Santos	São Sebastião	São Vicente	Ubatuba
Health care	Mobile pre-hospital unit	3	0	5	3	7	0	0	2	7	4	3	6	12	6	4	4
	General Hospital	1	0	1	2	3	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	12	1	5	1
	First Aid Post	0	0	0	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	1	3	0
	Health surveillance	1	0	2	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0
	Emergency Room	1	0	1	2	7	0	1	0	1	1	1	3	2	1	0	0
	Staff for Family Health Program	2	3	24	17	39	7	3	9	23	7	1	70	37	21	30	22
Health Statistics	Total dengue cases (2016)	798	4	60	46	904	6	1	125	31	4	93	26	1228	59	131	190
	Total de dengue cases (2015)	489	75	5244	197	1285	218	211	871	4616	768	2185	3350	3697	4919	985	2226
	Child Mortality Rate (/thousand live births- 2015)	9,17	14,29	10,02	18,49	15,75	7,73	6,33	4,26	12,9	22,32	11,88	17,34	10,69	6,96	14,35	10,61
	General Mortality Rate (/thousand inhabitants-2015)	5,26	7,86	7,23	5,71	6,33	8,29	10,88	3,83	8,84	9,21	9,13	7,79	9,64	5,17	6,91	6,45
	Beds - SUS (/mil inhabitants- 2014)	0,85	none	1,12	1,09	0,87	0,45	none	1,22	0,81	0,89	0,63	0,4	1,89	1,17	0,5	0,81
Index of Social Vulnerability in São Paulo	Group 5 - High (Urban) Vulnerability	24,3	26,5	21,6	1,8	6,5	10,2	5,6	17,6	20,8	20,7	25,8	25,5	2,4	30,1	4,4	32,7
	Group 6 - Very High Vulnerability (Urban Subnormal Agglomerates)	16,5	-	-	31	22,5	-	-	-	-	-	-	6,2	5,4	-	16,1	-
	Group 7 - High (Rural) Vulnerability	-	11,2	0,9	-	-	11,6	-	-	0,9	0,4	0,5	-	-	-	0,2	0,5

Sources: SEADE (2017), IBGE (2010), DATASUS (2017) and data reported by the Municipal Health Secretariats in the Information System (SINAN). Organized by the authors.

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[TFN8] Source: IMP/SEADE. Specifications:

[TFN9] Growth Rate - Geometric Rate of Annual Population Growth - 2010/2016 (In % per year)

[TFN10] IDHM - Municipal Human Development Index (2010)

[TFN11] IPRS - São Paulo Social Responsibility Index (2014), where: G1 - municipalities characterized by a high level of wealth with good levels of social indicators; G2 - municipalities that, although with high levels of wealth, are not able to achieve good social indicators; G3 - municipalities with a low level of wealth, but with good social indicators; G4 - municipalities that present low levels of wealth and intermediate levels of longevity and / or schooling and G5 - the most disadvantaged municipalities of the State, both in wealth and in social indicators. Water, sewage and garbage indicators for 2010. * Vegetation data, source - SOS Mata Atlântica Foundation.