|
Gagg (2014) |
Absence of physical, technical and administrative facilities;
Inexistence of important tools of the National Water Resources Plan, such as charging for the use of water;
Lack of technical knowledge of some members to promote debate and take decisions. |
|
Fracalanza; Jacob; Eça (2013) |
Lack of technical, financial and human support from government;
Absence of binding nature to their decisions, which can be changed at a higher level |
|
Machado (2012) |
Absence of agencies in the river basins;
Lack of technical and financial support from the state;
Little participation by civil society. |
|
Oliveira (2011) |
Absence of physical structure, and technical and financial support from the state;
Lack of preparation of the members who do not have technical knowledge about the issue;
Inactivity and lack of representativeness of municipal governments on the committees;
Absence of awareness about the empowerment that the committee has in relation to society;
Absence of or failure to implement the management tools foreseen in the National Water Resources Plan, in particular issuing usage rights and charging. |
|
Carneiro et al. (2010) |
Lack of articulation between the levels of sectoral planning and different government levels. |
|
Pereira, Medeiros (2009) |
Lack of articulation between government entities;
Absence of debate and deliberations;
Little social participation in the committees;
Problems with management instruments: incompatibility of data, outdatedness and absence of administrative tools. |
|
Azevedo (2009) |
They do not produce up-to-date reports on the situation of waters in the river basin;
Plans for the river basins are delayed, outdated or inexistent;
The watershed management plans do not have clear goals and defined schedules;
Absence of actions and documents that prove that the goals are met. |
|
Gomes (2008) |
Absence of a physical, technical and administrative infrastructure;
Lack of knowledge about the operation of the committee, its functions and actions by the part of society and even by some members of the committees;
Lack of financial support and human resources;
Little popular participation. |
|
Moreira (2008) |
Absence of suitable infrastructure: material, technical and administrative;
Absence of support from state and municipal governments - who do not participate and do not communicate their actions or consult the committees;
Decisions made by the committees are not respected by state government;
Lack of preparation by representatives of the committees to work with technical issues;
Lack of financial resources;
Absence of instruments established by the National Water Resources Plan;
Absence of reports that present the action of the committee;
Problems in the composition of the committee. |
|
Flores; Misoczky (2008) |
Absence of participation of state and municipal governments on the committees;
The committees are seen only as consultative agencies by the state, which in general do not respect their decisions. |
|
Madruga (2007) |
Absence of implementation and application of the management tools established by the National Water Resources Plan;
Absence of agencies for the watersheds, to conduct the executive tasks;
Lack of compliance with legal attributions;
Absence of technical, financial and administrative support from government.
Absence of technical knowledge of the representatives to discuss and deliberate about the issues. |
|
Martins (2006) |
Lack of knowledge of the functions and actions of the committee, which is considered a bureaucratic entity far from the community. |
|
Gutiérrez (2006) |
Little legitimacy for the committee to deliberate;
The committees do not have technical capacity to deliberate;
The absence of the instrument for charging significantly harms the financial sources to be invested in the river basin. |
|
Abers e Jorge (2005) |
Dual domains of the water, difficulty in the identification of responsibilities;
The states do not have the technical capacity to establish usage rights, to charge for use, or prepare a water resources information system, monitoring and inspection - which has direct impact on the committees;
Absence of the instrument for charging harms the implementation of actions in the watersheds, due to a lack of financial resources;
Absence of legal mechanisms that guarantee that the decisions taken by the committees are respected by the states. |
|
Haase (2005) |
The committees do not deliberate about the conflicts over water;
They are not very active;
Little social participation, with technical knowledge, capable to assist in decision making. |
|
Henkes (2002) |
Little presence of the state and municipalities;
Absence of permanent technical staff to assist and give continuity to actions;
Lack of financial support. |
WATER MANAGEMENT: CONSTRAINTS TO AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF BRAZILIAN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES1
Source: prepared by the authors