Salty Port: Environmental Conflicts Resulting from the Açu Port, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

Vilani, Rodrigo Machado; Cruz, José Luis Vianna da; Pedlowski, Marcos A.

doi:10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200190r1vu2021L5AO

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Sumário

Original Article • Ambient. soc. 24 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200190r1vu2021L5AO linkcopy

Salty Port: Environmental Conflicts Resulting from the Açu Port, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

La sal del puerto: conflictos ambientales derivados del Puerto de Açu, estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The aim of this article is to analyze the dynamics that marked the coexistence between different actors in the environmental conflict caused by the salinization of surface and underground waters during the implantation of the Açu Port, in the municipality of São João da Barra, which is located in the Northern Fluminense region. The work seeks to demonstrate the links between this particular conflict and the profile of the major projects established to expand Brazil’s insertion in the world economy as an exporter of primary and semi-benefited products. From a methodological point of view, the work used a qualitative methodology based on a bibliographic and documentary survey related to the environmental impacts and conflicts caused by the Açu Port. The research results demonstrate the importance of having a transparent, participatory decision-making process guided by the sustainability of state actions in the planning and implementation of Large Investment Projects.

Keywords:
Large enterprises; Environmental impacts; Environmental conflicts; Açu Port

Actors	Origin of conflict	Environmental impacts	Environmental conflicts
Public authorities	Impossibility of temporary use of the waters of the Quitingute Canal and the persisting effects on surface and underground waters because of salinization, in the 5th District of São João da Barra, Rio de Janeiro State, caused by dredging works and the installation of the hydraulic landfill. This process, which had an acute component at the time of the construction of the hydraulic landfill, went into chronic condition with the increase in the average conductivity of the waters used by farmers.	Damage to flora and fauna; Dramatic reduction in agricultural yield of soils; Restriction on access to water; Salinization of the lagoon system in areas adjacent to the hydraulic landfills of the Port of Açu.	Disruption of the appropriation, use, and significance modes of environmental resources and services performed by families and farmers in São João da Barra. Difficulty in maintaining traditional artisanal fishing activities.
State Environmental Institute Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office Federal Regional Court - 2nd Region
Private initiative
Prumo
Population
Families and farmers from São João da Barra

Actors	INEA IBAMA	UENF	MPF TRF2	Prumo	Families and farmers of São João da Barra
Actions	Authorization	Preparation of a technical opinion on salinization	Legality analysis	Installation and operation	Resistance and engagement
Position	Silent	Complainant	Neutral	Generator	Complainant
Possible alternative	Mediation (TAC)
Difficulties	Lack of discipline on the part of environmental bodies, such as suspending the environmental license until the issue is resolved; Lack of transparency; Agreement on the recovery of the degraded area and, consequently, the conditions for agriculture and subsistence activities; Definition and payment of compensation to the families affected.

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[TFN1] Source: the authors, 2021, based on data from Acselrad (1999; 2004), Alier (1990; 1998; 2011), Latini (2016), Federal Regional Court [TRF] (2013), and Zappes et al. (2018).