Alternativas a la minería: pasado, presente y futuro en Nova Lima, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Oliveira, Marília Luisa de; Oliveira, Maria Amália Silva Alves de; Vilani, Rodrigo Machado

doi:10.1590/1809-4422asoc00212vu28L1FT

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Enanppas 2023 • Ambient. soc. 28 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc00212vu28L1FT linkcopiar

Alternativas a la minería: pasado, presente y futuro en Nova Lima, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

El artículo pretende discutir las alternativas a la minería en el municipio de Nova Lima, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, concretamente en el distrito de São Sebastião das Águas Claras/Macacos. Así, el trabajo pretende aportar contribuciones a las reflexiones teóricas en el campo de la Ecología Política Latinoamericana y del Turismo, al igual que a los movimientos sociales y a las políticas públicas en áreas afines. Para ello, se recurrió a la investigación bibliográfica, documental y a la observación participante. Se ha constatado que el municipio de Nova Lima depende en gran medida de la actividad de extracción minera, la cual influye políticamente en el proceso local de toma de decisiones. Como conclusión del estudio, se plantean consideraciones generales y específicas sobre posibilidades y desafíos de desarrollo del ecoturismo comunitario como alternativa a la minería y fortalecimiento del protagonismo local en la gestión del territorio.

Palabras-clave:
Colonialidad del poder; Neoextractivismo; Conflictos ambientales; Nova Lima; Ecoturismo

Category	São Sebastião das Águas Claras / Macacos	Serra do Curral	Honório Bicalho	Morro Velho Mine
Company	VALE S.A.	VALE S.A.; Gute Sicht; Fleurs Mineração; Tamisa Mineração	AngloGold Ashanti (inactive mines)	AngloGold Ashanti -gold mine (inactive since 2003)
Impacts	Forced removals; harm to health; vegetation suppression; air and noise pollution; water resource contamination; interruption of local tourism; persecution of community leaders; damage to housing; weakening of communities; mining dependency.	Harm to health; vegetation suppression; air and noise pollution; water resource contamination; human rights violations.	Land use and occupation; water resource pollution from mining activities upstream from the communities.	Water table contamination; damage to housing.
Risks	Presence of retention dams at risk of bursting.	Presence of retention dams at risk of bursting; illegal iron ore extraction; water shortage for the population; influence trafficking.	Presence of retention dams at risk of bursting.; privatization and financialization of natural assets.	Privatization and financialization of natural assets; influence trafficking.

Actors		São Sebastião das Águas Claras / Macacos	Serra do Curral	Honório Bicalho	Morro Velho Mine
Government bodies	MPMG	Partly favorable to the community	Favorable to the community	Neutral	Neutral
	Office of the Federal Public Prosecutor	Partly favorable to the community	Favorable to the community	Neutral	Neutral
	Minas Gerais House of Representati-ves	Partly favorable to the community	Partly favorable to the community	Neutral	Neutral
	Nova Lima Municipal Council	Partly favorable to community	Partly in favor of the community	Neutral	In favor of the mining company
	Judiciary Branch	Favorable to the community	Partly in favor of the community	Neutral	Neutral
	Municipal Executive Branch	Neutral	Favorable to mining	Favorable to mining / Favorable to the community	Favorable to mining
	State Executive Branch	Legitimator of mining	Favorable to mining / Legitimator of mining	Neutral	Favorable to mining
Community and Social Movements		Formation of the Macacos Commission by the community; strengthening of tourism-favoring actions; denunciation of human rights violations; consultation services of the universities for those affected; denunciation in the local, national and international media.	Report of human rights violations; denunciations on the local, national, and international media; denunciations in the State Parks and Environment Councils; requests for Public hearings; denunciations to the MPMG, MPF and the Minas Gerais legislative assembly.	Report in the social media, printed and digital newspapers of of the pollution of the Rio (river) das Velhas by the mining corporations; community training to receive tourists.	Part of the community together with Mab and the Pro-housing movement have questioned project’s EIA/Rima; Request to the Nova Lima Municipal Council and the Minas Gerais Legislative Assembly for the holding of public hearings to discuss the Nova Vila (New Town) project.

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[TFN1] Font: the authors, 2023.