Distribution and resistance of barnyardgrass to quinclorac in rice fields in Thailand

Pinsupa, Jarunya; Chindakul, Aussanee; Intanon, Suphannika

doi:10.51694/AdvWeedSci/2022;40:00007

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Research Article • Adv. Weed Sci. 40 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.51694/AdvWeedSci/2022;40:00007 copy

Distribution and resistance of barnyardgrass to quinclorac in rice fields in Thailand

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

Background:

In Thailand, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (barnyardgrass) is the most problematic weed in rice. Quinclorac was first commercialized in 1997 in Thailand and became the primary herbicide option for barnyardgrass control. The intensive use of quinclorac in rice fields increases the risk of the evolution of resistant barnyardgrass.

Objective:

This study was conducted to survey the occurrence of quinclorac-resistant barnyardgrass in Thailand, investigate the levels of quinclorac resistance, and evaluate alternative control measures for quinclorac-resistant barnyardgrass.

Methods:

Seeds of barnyardgrass were collected from 165 rice fields, located in 27 provinces of Thailand, and screened for quinclorac resistance. A whole-plant dose-response study was conducted on a susceptible population and three resistant populations to evaluate the resistance level. In addition, effectiveness of alternative herbicides including bispyribac, fenoxaprop, penoxsulam, profoxydim, propanil, and pyribenzoxim were evaluated using the selected populations.

Results:

Quinclorac-resistant barnyardgrass was identified in 121 rice fields (73%). Five sites (3%) exhibited developing barnyardgrass resistance to quinclorac whereas barnyardgrass populations in thirty-nine sites (24%) were susceptible to quinclorac. The evaluated resistant populations were at least 93-fold more resistant to quinclorac than the susceptible population. Profoxydim and propanil provided effective control of the two quinclorac-resistant barnyardgrass populations. One population (B56) exhibited no shoot biomass reduction after treatment either with quinclorac or bispyribac, suggesting multiple resistance to auxin mimics and ALS-inhibiting herbicides.

Conclusions:

Quinclorac-resistant barnyardgrass cases were confirmed in Thailand. The resistant barnyardgrass populations were broadly distributed on major rice-production areas of Thailand. Multiple-resistance in a quinclorac resistant population requires further investigation.

Keywords:
dose-response; Echinochloa crus-galli; herbicide resistance; multiple herbicide resistance; weed survey

Population	Location (District, Province)	Year¹ 1 Years which available herbicide records.	Planting seasons per year² 2 Monoculture rice production.	Herbicide applied
B53	Bang Nam Priao, Chachoengsao	2000	2	2,4-D + propanil
		2005	2	pyrazosulfuron
		2007	2	pyribenzoxim, bispyribac, penoxsulam
		2015	2	quinclorac
		2016	2	quinclorac + clomazone
B56	Phanom Sarakham, Chachoengsao	2000	1	2,4-D + propanil
		2005	1	pyrazosulfuron
		2007	1	pyribenzoxim, bispyribac, penoxsulam
		2015	1	quinclorac
		2016	1	quinclorac + clomazone
B102	Phra Phutthabat, Saraburi	2000	2	2,4-D + propanil
		2004	2	pyrazosulfuron
		2007	2	pyribenzoxim + bispyribac
		2014	2	quinclorac
		2016	2	quinclorac + clomazone

Mode of action	Chemical group	Active ingredient	Sources of Materials	Dose (kg ai ha⁻¹)
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACCase Inhibitors)	Aryloxphenoxy-propionates (FOPs)	Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl	Ricestar®, Bayer, Thailand	0.069
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACCase Inhibitors)	Cyclohexanediones (DIMs)	Profoxydim	Tetris®, BASF, Thailand	0.122
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS Inhibitors)	Pyrimidinyl benzoates	Bispyribac-sodium	Nominee Gold®, TJC Chemical, Japan	0.050
	Pyrimidinyl benzoates	Pyribenzoxim	Pyanchor®, Sharpformulators, Thailand	0.031
	Triazolopyrimidines – type 2	Penoxsulam	Rainbow 25 OD®, Dow AgroSciences, Thailand	0.038
Inhibition of Photosynthesis at PS II - D1 Serine 264 Binders	Amides	Propanil	Propa®, P.Chemitech, Thailand	2.025
Auxin Mimics	Quinoline-carboxylates	Quinclorac	Facet®, BASF, Thailand	0.750

Resistance classification¹ 1 Resistant (> 20% survivors), developing resistance (1 - 20% survivors), and susceptible (0% survivors).	Plant survival² 2 Plant survival was assessed 15 days after exposure to quinclorac at 0.75 kg ai ha−1 (recommended label rate). (%)	Number of populations	% of populations
Resistant	81+	52	32
	61-80	55	33
	41-60	9	5
	21-40	5	3
Subtotal	−	121	73
Developing resistance	1-20	5	3
Susceptible	0	39	24
Total	−	165	−

Population	GR₅₀¹ 1 The model fitted corresponded to shoot biomass (% of untreated control) =C+(D−C)/[1+(×/GR50)b]; Abbreviations: C, lower limit; D, upper limit; b, slope of the curve; x, herbicide rate; GR50, herbicide rate provided 50% shoot biomass reduction.	Resistance ratio (R:S)	P-value² 2 P-value for testing the null hypothesis that R:S=1.
B53	6.327	137.5	0.013
B56	4.298	93.4	0.013
B102	8.874	192.9	0.009
B37	0.046	−	−

Treatment	Dose¹ 1 Recommended label rate for use in rice. (kg ai ha⁻¹)	Shoot biomass² 2 Shoot biomass harvested 14 days after treatment with herbicides. Means followed by the same letter within a column do not significantly differ by the least significant difference (LSD) test at p<0.05. (g)
Treatment		B37		B56		B102
untreated control	0.000	0.217	a	0.237	a	0.238	a
bispyribac	0.050	0.078	b	0.171	ab	0.159	bc
fenoxaprop	0.069	0.066	b	0.098	bcd	0.126	cd
penoxsulam	0.038	0.021	cd	0.119	bc	0.101	cd
profoxydim	0.122	0.022	cd	0.035	d	0.079	de
propanil	2.025	0.023	cd	0.076	cd	0.021	e
pyribenzoxim	0.031	0.054	bc	0.137	bc	0.162	bc
quinclorac	0.750	0.002	d	0.230	a	0.216	ab
p-value	−	<0.001		<0.001		<0.001

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[1] * Corresponding author: <suphannikai@nu.ac.th>