Walker-256 Tumor: Experimental Model, Implantation Sites and Number of Cells for Ascitic and Solid Tumor Development

Amaral, Luane Aparecida do; Souza, Gabriel Henrique Oliveira de; Santos, Mirelly Romeiro; Said, Yasmin Lany Ventura; Souza, Bruna Brandão de; Oliveira, Rodrigo Juliano; Santos, Elisvania Freitas dos

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2019180284

person Luane Aparecida do Amaral

schoolFederal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwestern Region, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

0000-0002-1448-2472

person Gabriel Henrique Oliveira de Souza

schoolFederal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Graduating in Food Technology at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

person Mirelly Romeiro Santos

schoolFederal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwestern Region, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

0000-0002-1024-1540

person Yasmin Lany Ventura Said

schoolFederal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwestern Region, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

person Bruna Brandão de Souza

schoolFederal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwestern Region, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

person Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira

schoolFederal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Program in Health and Development in the Midwestern Region, Stem Cell, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics Research Centre, Maria Aparecida Pedrossian, University Hospital, Brazilian Hospital Services Company, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

0000-0003-3514-3346

person Elisvania Freitas dos Santos *

schoolFederal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Postgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwestern Region, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

0000-0002-1528-6035

*Correspondence:
elisvania@gmail.com; Tel.: +55-67-81155325 (E.F.S.)

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Tumor implantation site	Objectives	Inoculated number (cells / rat)	References
Flank	To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training starting at adolescence, on Walker 256 tumor growth and insulin secretion in adult rats	8 x 10⁷	MOREIRA et al., 2018¹⁵
	To evaluate whether obese adult rats that were chronically treated with an antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide, exhibit resistance to rodent breast carcinoma growth	8 x 10⁷	FRANCO et al., 2017¹⁶
	To identify mechanisms of inflammatory response in atrophy in cancer cachexia	2 x 10⁷	HENRIQUES et al., 2017¹⁷
	To investigate the antitumor activity of the soluble fraction of polysaccharides, extracted fromcabernet franc red wine, in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats	2 x 10⁷	STIPP et al., 2017¹⁰
	To investigate the pioglitazone effects, isolated or associated with insulin, on insulin resistance, cachexia and metabolic disorders in cancer animal model	8 x 10⁷	SILVA et al., 2017¹⁸
	To evaluate the in vivo antitumor effects and toxicity of a new Ru(II) compound, cis-(Ru[phen]2[ImH]2)2+ (also called RuphenImH [RuC]), against Walker-256 carcinosarcoma in rats	1 x 10⁷	SOUZA et al., 2017¹⁴
	To analyse the modulatory effect of a leucine-rich diet on direct and indirect tumor-induced placental damage	1 x 10⁶	CRUZ et al., 2016¹⁹
	To determine the effect of tumors on interstitial cells of Cajal in the rat jejunum and to investigate the effect of 2% L-glutamine on interstitial cells of Cajal and tumor-induced changes	8 x 10⁷	FRACARO et al, 2016²⁰
	To assess the effect of endostatin combined with a small dose of 32 P-colloidal in vivo	1 x 10⁶	GAO et al., 2016⁷
	To assess antioxidant effects of açaí seed extract on anorexia-cachexia induced by Walker-256 tumor	1 x 10⁷	NASCIMENTO et al., 2016²¹
	To provide insight into adipocyte involvement in inflammation along the progression of cachexia	2 x 10⁷	NEVES et al., 2016²²
	To evaluate the metformin on Walker-256 tumor evolution and also on protein metabolism in gastrocnemius muscle and body composition	1 x 10⁶	OLIVEIRA et al. 2016²³
	To evaluate whether leucine supplementation ameliorates cachexia in the heart	2,5 x 10⁶	TONETO et al., 2016²⁴
	To evaluate whether a leucine-rich diet affects metabolomic derangements in serum and tumor tissues in tumor-bearing Walker-256 rats	2,5 x 10⁶	VIANA et al., 2016²⁵
	To evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with 20 g/kg L-glutamine on the intrinsic innervation of the enteric nervous system in healthy and Walker 256 tumor-bearing Wistar rats during the development of experimental cachexia	8 x 10⁷	VICENTINI et al., 2016²⁶
	To investigate the pharmacokinetics profiles of ginsenoside Rg and ginsenoside Rh after oral administration of pure ginsenoside Rg were administered, and compare the difference of the pharmacokinetics profiles between normal and Walker 256 tumorbearing rats	1 x 10	FAN et al., 2016²⁷
	To investigate the effect of fish oil supplementation on apoptosis protein expression in Walker 256 tumor bearing rats	1 x 10⁸	BORGHETTI et al, 2015²⁸
	To evaluate the in vivo antitumor actions and toxicity of the dichloromethane fraction of Moquiniastrum polymorphum subsp. floccosum (formerly Gochnatia polymorpha ssp. floccosa), composed of sesquiterpene lactones, against Walker-256 carcinosarcoma in rats	1 x 10⁷	MARTINS et al., 2015¹³
	To investigate the effects of celecoxib and ibuprofen, both non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, on the decreased gluconeogenesis observed in liver of Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats	8 x 10⁷	SOUZA et al., 2015²⁹
	To investigate the effect of a leucine-rich diet on protein metabolism in the foetal gastrocnemius muscles of tumor-bearing pregnant rats	2,5 x 10⁵	CRUZ et al., 2014³⁰
	To test the effect of metformin on the tumor growth in rats with metabolic syndrome	8 x 10⁷	FRANCO et al., 2014³¹
	To investigate the effect of fish oil supplementation on tumor growth, cyclooxygenase 2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and RelA gene and protein expression in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats	3 x 10⁷	BORGHETTI et al., 2013⁴
	To evaluate gluconeogenesis from alanine, pyruvate and glycerol, and related metabolic parameters in perfused liver from Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats on days 5, 8 and 12 of tumor development	8 x 10⁷	MOREIRA et al., 2013³²
	To investigate the effect of infliximab, an anti-tumor necrosis factor a monoclonal antibody, on the progression of cachexia and several metabolic parameters affected by the Walker-256 tumor in rats	8 x 10⁷	MIKSZA et al., 2013¹²
	To describe effects of the resistance exercise training upon adipose tissue inflammation in cachexia	3 x 10⁷	DONATTO et al., 2013³³
	To describe set point of weight loss and how the different visceral adipose tissue depots contribute to this symptom	2 x 10⁷	BATISTA JR et al., 2012³⁴
Tibia	To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture on mechanical allodynia and cellular immunity of cancer-induced bone pain rats, and to further explore the potential mechanism	3 x 10⁵	LIANG et al., 2018³⁵
	To investigate the role of NF-κB in CIBP by regulating MCP-1/chemokine CC motif receptor-2 (CCR2) signaling pathway.	1 x 10⁶	WANG et al., 2018³⁶
	To investigate whether P2Y12R is involved in the establishment of cancer-induced bone pain model by inoculating Walker 256 breast cancer cells in the tibia and to examine the effect of P2Y12R antagonist on spinal neuroimmune activity in a cancer-induced bone pain model	2 x 10⁷	LIU et al., 2017³⁷
	To investigate the role of Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in dorsal root ganglion in the development of cancer-induced pain	4 x 10⁵	WEI et al., 2017³⁸
	To assess the antinociceptive effect of Tanshinone IIA on cancer-induced bone pain	5 x 10²	HAO et al., 2016³⁹
	To investigate whether spinal CCR5 and its downstream PKCγ pathway is involved in the maintenance of cancer-induced bone pain	1 x 10⁵	HANG et al., 2016⁴⁰
	To investigate the mechanisms underlying the anti-nociceptive effect of minocycline on bone cancer pain in rats	4 x 10⁵	SONG et al., 2016⁹
	To investigate whether the lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 and Rho / ROCK signaling are involved in cancer-induced bone pain	2 x 10⁵	PAN et al., 2016⁴¹
	Create a viable prolonged treatment for bone cancer pain	5 x 10⁵	XU et al., 2015⁴²
	To determine the efficacy of a calpain inhibitor on bone resorption and behavioral responses to pain in vivo in intratibial tumor injected cancer-induced bone pain rats	1 x 10⁵	ZHU et al., 2015⁴³
	Examine the potential of the spinal sigma-1 receptor in the development of cancer-induced bone pain	2 x 10⁵	WU et al., 2016⁴⁴
	Examine the potential role of the spinal PKA/CREB signaling pathway in the development of bone cancer pain	1 x 10⁵	HANG et al., 2013⁴⁵
	To investigate whether the chemokine receptor 5 and C-kinase receptor pathway is involved in the maintenance of cancer-induced bone pain	1 x 10⁵	HANG et al., 2013b⁴⁶
	To investigate the effects of intrathecal injection with lipoxin and related analogues on cancer-induced bone pain in rats	1 x 10⁸	HU et al., 2012⁴⁷
	To investigate the role of c-jun N-terminal kinase pathway in the spinal cord in cancer-induced bone pain	3,5 x 10⁵	WANG et al., 2012⁴⁸
Femur	To investigate the hypothesis that urinary levels of N telopeptide (NTx) can be used to predict the anti‑nociceptive responses of zoledronic acid and paclitaxel on bone metastases in a rat model	1 x 10⁵	GUI et al., 2015⁴⁹
	Compare the effects of ibandronate and paclitaxel on bone structure and its mechanical properties and biochemical turnover in resorption markers using an immunocompetent Walker 256-Sprague-Dawley model, which was subjected to tumor-induced osteolysis.	2,5 x 10⁶	CHUNG et al., 2015⁵
	Establish a model of femoral bone cancer	1 x 10⁵	GUI et al., 2013⁵⁰
Paw	To investigate the effects of crotoxin on Walker 256 tumor growth, the pain symptoms associated (hyperalgesia and allodynia), and participation of endogenous lipoxin A4	1 x 10⁶	BRIGATTE et al., 2016⁶