Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of the Microalga Pediastrum boryanum in Carrageenan-Induced Rat Paw Edema

The potential use of microalgae in health has been the aim of different studies in the last years. This study investigated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of three different extracts of green microalga Pediastrum boryanum in an acute inflammation model in rats. Rats were treated intraperitoneally with lyophilized biomass, the phenolic compounds and the extracellular extracts of P. boryanum before the induction of paw edema by the intraplantar injection of carrageenan. The edema and the levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were determined in the hind paw. Oxidative stress markers were analyzed in the liver and hepatic toxicity and genetic damage was evaluated in the blood. The results demonstrated that the three extracts of P. boryanum exhibited pronounced anti-oedematous property and decreased the levels of cytokines. The best results were provided by the phenolic compounds extract, that contains gallic, chlorogenic, protocathecuic and vanillic acid. A reduction in lipid peroxidation was observed after the treatment with lyophilized biomass and the extracellular extract improved the total antioxidant capacity of the liver. Moreover, no DNA damage and hepatic toxicity were observed after administration of P. boryanum extracts. In conclusion, these results suggest that P. boryanum can be an important source of anti-inflammatory compounds.

Keywords:
microalga; inflammation; oxidative stress; phenolic compounds; biomass

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Treatment	1 h		2 h		3 h
Treatment	Δ Paw edema (mL)	% inhibition	Δ Paw edema (mL)	% inhibition	Δ Paw edema (mL)	% inhibition
Saline	0.16 ± 0.03		0.64 ± 0.06		0.81 ± 0.06
Diclofenac Sodium	0.08 ± 0.02	53	0.15 ± 0.02***	77	0.26 ± 0.03***	68
CMC	0.13 ± 0.03	19	0.42 ± 0.05**	34	0.55 ± 0.05**	32
P.boryanum biomass	0.02 ± 0.01***#	85	0.03 ± 0.01***###	96	0.04 ± 0.01***###	95
P. boryanum phenolic compounds	0.06 ± 0.00*	63	0.11 ± 0.02***	83	0.12 ± 0.02***	86
P. boryanum extracellular	0.18 ± 0.03	0	0.45 ± 0.05**	30	0.45 ± 0.06***	45

Treatment	ACAP (Inverse of relative area)	GSH (µmol.mg protein^-1)	GCL activity (µmol.mg h⁻¹ of protein^-1)	TBARS (µmol MDAeq. g of tissue^-1)	Tail DNA (%)
Saline	0.053 ± 0.004	205.22 ± 55.68	1608.30 ± 30.17	0.046 ± 0.002	2.99 ± 0.41
Diclofenac Sodium	0.045 ± 0.002	263.98 ± 54.81	1563.34 ± 22.39	0.041 ± 0.004	2.98 ± 0.32
CMC	0.042 ± 0.001	243.66 ± 54.13	1452.74 ± 79.75	0.043 ± 0.003	2.13 ± 0.30
P.boryanum biomass	0.046 ± 0.002	119.88 ± 25.68	1378.16 ± 67.88	0.032 ± 0.003^*	1.87 ± 0.27
P. boryanum phenolic compounds	0.046 ± 0.002	260.66 ± 54.10	1510.91 ± 36.95	0.049 ± 0.001	2.03 ± 0.16
P. boryanum extracellular	0.071 ± 0.007^*	354.78 ± 54.10	1711.87 ± 96.32	0.042 ± 0.003	1.88 ± 0.27

Treatment	ALT (U/L)	AST (U/L)
Saline	180.90 ± 17.41	34.41 ± 6.02
Diclofenac Sodium	192.43 ± 21.04	33.33 ± 2.64
CMC	127.02 ± 4.74	33.17 ± 1.81
P.boryanum biomass	154.14 ± 21.43	35.63 ± 2.67
P. boryanum phenolic compounds	164.13 ± 30.93	53.43 ± 7.05
P. boryanum extracellular	127.53 ± 13.02	51.62 ± 1.10

Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 - CIC, 81350-010 Curitiba PR Brazil, Tel.: +55 41 3316-3052/3054, Fax: +55 41 3346-2872 - Curitiba - PR - Brazil
E-mail: babt@tecpar.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] *Correspondence: anabaisch@gmail.com; Tel.: +55-53- 32935170 (A.L.M.B.).