Chromosome Doubling in Endemic Iris sari Schott ex Baker with In Vitro Colchicine Treatments

Abstract

Iris sari Schott ex Baker, an endemic plant, has a natural distribution in Turkey. The plant, also known as “Ana kurtkulağı, Bahar çiçeği” among the people, has showy flowers. Chromosome doubling in the plant was successfully performed with colchicine applied to the micro bulbs of the I. sari obtained in vitro. The different colchicine doses and treatment times tested with I. sari were: 0.1 and 0.5% (2, 4, and 6 hours). The resulting polyploid plantlets were determined by flow cytometric analysis. The highest tetraploid plant yield was observed after 4 h of treatment with 0.1% colchicine. From a total of 45 surviving plantlets, 3 were detected. At the end of the applications, the control and other groups were compared in terms of the viability rates of plants. After 2 subcultures of in vitro conditions, the highest viability rate in plantlets was observed with the control group and 0.1% colchicine for 4 h application, 62.97%, and 67.12%, respectively. Also, I. sari putative tetraploid plantlets had fewer and larger stomata than the control, confirming the data. Although the best ratios in terms of stomata length and width (49.04 and 30.52 mm) were come off after 4 h of 0.5% colchicine treatment, tetraploid was not obtained as a result of this application.

Keywords:
I. sari Schott ex Baker; endemic plant; in vitro; colchicine; chromosome doubling

HIGHLIGHTS

• This the first report of the in vitro chromosome doubling of endemic Iris sari Schott ex Baker.

• In this study, 2 different colchicine doses and 3 different treatment times are testing.

• Significant structural differences are obtained in the stomatal measurements of tetraploid plantlets.

• As a result of the applications, 3 tetraploids are obtained from 45 plantlets analyzed.