Characterization of Seed Oils of <i>Pterodon emarginatus</i> Vogel (Sucupira) Obtained by Different Extraction Methods

Costa-Singh, Tainara; Jorge, Neuza

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2019170758

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Article - Food/Feed Science and Technology • Braz. arch. biol. technol. 62 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2019170758 linkcopy

Characterization of Seed Oils of Pterodon emarginatus Vogel (Sucupira) Obtained by Different Extraction Methods

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The present study aims to evaluate the influence of extraction methods on the quality of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in Pterodon emarginatusVogel (sucupira) oils. The oils were extracted from the sucupira seeds by Soxhlet and by the extraction system of Bligh & Dyer. The oils were analyzed as to fatty acid profile, tocopherols, phytosterols, carotenoids, total phenolics, and total antioxidant capacity. The extraction by Soxhlet showed better yield of total lipids and was more efficient to extract tocopherols, phytosterols, and carotenoids, besides presenting better antioxidant activity by DPPH^•. However, this method showed insufficient capacity to extract the polar lipid components of the sample, as evidenced by the low results of total phenolic compounds. On the other hand, the Bligh & Dyer method preserved the fatty acid profile and was also effective to extract higher phenolic compounds content and presented superior antioxidant activity when assessed by FRAP, ABTS^•+, and oxidative stability index.

Keywords:
Antioxidants; Bioactives; Extraction; Oxidative stability; Chromatography

Compounds	Molecular formula	Soxhlet	Bligh & Dyer
Lipids (%)		39.15 ± 0.09^a	31.65 ± 0.03^b
Fatty acids (%)
Capric (C10:0)	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	23.81 ± 0.03	21.19 ± 0.04
Lauric (C12:0)	C₁₂H₂₄O₂	11.06 ± 0.04	9.71 ± 0.06
Palmitic (C16:0)	C₁₆H₃₂O₂	6.62 ± 0.02	7.72 ± 0.03
Palmitoleic (C16:1)	C₁₆H₃₀O₂	1.57 ± 0.03	1.67 ± 0.01
Stearic (C18:0)	C₁₈H₃₆O₂	2.22 ± 0.02	2.71 ± 0.05
Oleic (C18:1 n-9)	C₁₈H₃₄O₂	17.80 ± 0.05	18.27 ± 0.02
Linoleic (C18:2 n-6)	C₁₈H₃₂O₂	28.42 ± 0.01	31.29 ± 0.14
Araquidic (C20:0)	C₂₀H₄₀O₂	5.43 ± 0.02	4.49 ± 0.02
Gadolenic (C20:1)	C₂₀H₃₈O₂	1.74 ± 0.03	1.63 ± 0.03
α-linolenic (C18:3 n3)	C₁₈H₃₀O₂	1.33 ± 0.01	1.31 ± 0.02
Saturated		49.15 ± 0.03^a	45.82 ± 0.16^b
Monounsaturated		21.11 ± 0.03^b	21.57 ± 0.04^a
Polyunsaturated		29.75 ± 0.01^b	32.61 ± 0.13^a
Tocopherols (mg/kg)
γ-tocopherol	C₂₈H₄₈O₂	5.17 ± 0.06^a	4.17 ± 0.06^b
δ-tocopherol	C₂₇H₄₆O₂	16.80 ± 0.10^a	15.53 ± 0.06^b
Total		21.97 ± 0.06^a	19.70 ± 0.10^b
Vitamin E^*		1.46 ± 0.01^a	1.20 ± 0.01^b
Phytosterols (mg/100 g)
Cholesterol	C₂₇H₄₆O	1.96 ± 0.01^a	1.96 ± 0.01^a
Campesterol	C₂₈H₄₈O	33.46 ± 0.03^a	8.37 ± 0.01^b
Stigmasterol	C₂₉H₄₈O	2.79 ± 0.01^a	2.79 ± 0.01^a
β-sitosterol	C₂₉H₅₀O	8.36 ± 0.01^b	11.16 ± 0.01^a
Total		46.58 ± 0.03^a	24.29 ± 0.01^b
Total carotenoids (μg/g)
β-carotene	C₄₀H₅₆	12.97 ± 0.16^a	9.84 ± 0.16^b
Total phenolic compounds (mg GAE/g) ^**
Gallic acid	C₇H₆O₅	5.54 ± 0.23^b	10.84 ± 0.08^a

Antioxidant capacity	Soxhlet	Bligh & Dyer
DPPH^• (%)	95.18 ± 0.26^a	88.71 ± 0.13^b
EC₅₀ (g lipid fraction/g DPPH^•)	7.10	43.68
FRAP (µmol Trolox/100 g lipid fraction)	172.70 ± 0.52^b	360.57 ± 5.83ª
ABTS^•+ (µmol Trolox/100 g lipid fraction)	89.46 ± 0.77^b	162.01 ± 0.19^a
Oxidative stability index (h)	0.41 ± 0.02^b	64.07 ± 0.71^a

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[TFN1] The results represent the mean ± standard deviation of three determinations followed by the same letters do not differ by the Tukey test (p > 0.05).

[TFN2] ^*
Activity of vitamin E expressed as the equivalent of α-tocopherol, ^**Milligram of gallic acid equivalents per gram of sample.