Abstract in English:

Abstract In the production of kale, nitrogen is one of the nutrients that the plant needs in greater quantity. Its application must be divided throughout the cycle, due to the loss by leaching. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of splitting organic fertilizers in topdressing on the production of kale. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications, with seven treatments being evaluated in a 2 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme, the first factor was the fertilizers (castor bean cake and bokashi) and the second the application intervals (7; 14 and 21 days), in addition to the control without topdressing fertilization. The amount of each fertilizer was calculated to provide the same dose of N (40 kg ha-1) every 21 days. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves per plant (NLP), leaf fresh matter mass (LFMM), leaf length at the beginning (LLB), middle (LLMe) and end (LLE) of the cycle and “SPAD” index. There was no interaction between the factors, for any characteristic evaluated. For all traits, the values observed in control was lower than treatments with topdressing. The increases of treatments of factorial in relation to the control were 37.8% (plant height); 31.8% (SD); 157.1% (NLP); 213.5% (MLFMM); 7.6% (LLB); 80.2% (LLMe) and 126.6% for the “SPAD” index. It is recommended to use castor bean cake and split it every 21 days as it results in less labor for application.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Fungal enzymes have potential applicability in plant biomass deconstruction, such as in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis for biorefinery application. Due to biomass complexity it is necessary to use a set of enzymes in addition to cellulolytic enzymes extracts to hydrolyze the hemicellulose and cellulose efficiently, such as β-glucosidase and pectinases. In this way, this work aimed to study the influence of inoculum in pectinase and β-glucosidase production of Annulohypoxylon stygium DR47 and evaluated culture media components in enzymatic production. Initially, mycelia fragmentation and the carbon source were tested in enzymatic production. The best production occurred with a pre-inoculum, incubated for 48 h, with blender fragmented mycelia cultivated in fructose (20 g∙L-1), as carbon source. Subsequently, tests containing agro-industrial residues (20 g∙L-1) were done to determine the best source for β-glucosidase and pectinases production in the enzyme production medium. Citrus bagasse (CB) was the substrate that induces higher titration of both enzymes (2.36 Upectinase∙mL-1; 1.82 Uβ-glucosidase∙mL-1). In this way, Plackett & Burman experimental design was performed with CB (20 g∙L) as the only carbon source to determine the influence of media components in enzyme production. The pectinase production was negatively affected by ZnSO4 and positively affect by urea, (NH4)2SO4, and MnSO4. Besides significant differences in β-glucosidase production were observed, with a positive effect on urea and peptone addition. In this way, further studies considering C/N ratios and consequently different nitrogen concentrations should be done to better understand the fungus physiology.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The active ingredients used in the phytosanitary management of bean crops have a residual power which results in contamination of the entire production chain. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Calcarea carbonica, Calcarea phosphorica, Hepar Sulphur, and shell limestone on disease management and the development of bean plants. The experiments were carried out at Experimental Station of Epagri, Lages, SC, Brazil, and conducted in a randomized block design with six replications and two cultivars in three growing cycles. Distilled water and an untreated plot were the controls. Treatments were applied by spraying in three phenological stages. Following the appearance of initial symptoms, the incidence and severity of anthracnose, powdery mildew, and angular spot were assessed. At harvest, plant weight, thousand grain weight, number of pods per plant, and number of grains per pod were assessed. The data analysis of variance and Tukey’s test at 5% using the R software. The high-dynamized dilutions of Calcarea phosphorica in the first, shell limestone in the second and Hepar sulphur in the third cycle, increased grains/plant in Perola. By contrast, was an increase in the number of grains in Campeiro when Hepar sulphur, shell limestone and distilled water were applied in the first, second and third cycles, respectively. The application of Calcarea carbonica and Calcarea phosphorica reduced the severity of anthracnose, angular spot and powdery mildew. It can be concluded that high-dynamized dilutions have the potential to reduce the intensity of diseases in bean plants as well as increase grain production.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Among the most cultivated vegetables, brassicas stand out for their economic and social importance, but they also stand out for their requirement for micronutrients, especially cauliflower. In view of the importance of micronutrients in the development of cauliflower, the objective was to study the effect of treating cauliflower seeds with molybdenum (Mo) through film coating and pelleting techniques on physiological quality and field development and production under different managements. For physiological and seedling quality, twelve treatments were evaluated, in a 2x5+2 factorial scheme: two technologies (film coating and pelleting), five doses (0.5; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 g of Mo kg-1 of seeds) and two controls (technology without nutrient and untreated seed), with four replications, in a completely randomized design for tests conducted in the laboratory and in randomized blocks for tests in the nursery. For the field, ten treatments were evaluated in a 2x2x2+2 factorial scheme: two seed treatment technologies (film coating and pelleting); two Mo doses (0.5 and 4.5 g kg-1 of seeds), two fertilization managements (as recommended by Trani and coauthors (2022) [4] and fertilization without a Mo source) and two control treatments (untreated seed, one in each management), in a randomized block design, with six replications. The treatment of seeds with Mo did not harm the physiological quality in both film coating and pelleting technologies. However, in the experiment in a protected environment, supplementation with this micronutrient by seeds proved to be unnecessary, as no plants with deficiency symptoms were observed and it did not affect production.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Drying agricultural products is a crucial step in maintaining post-harvest quality. Understanding the use of equilibrium moisture content is essential in grain processing, as it is an inherent property of grains. The objective of this study was to assess the number of hours suitable for maintenance aeration, cooling, and low temperature drying, while also evaluating the risks of over-drying the product or the humidification of intergranular air. This study focused on soybeans and corn stored in Unaí, located in the Northwest Mesoregion of Minas Gerais, with a moisture content of 13.0 % (wet basis). Meteorological data were collected from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2022, using weather stations operated by the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). The historical series from INMET provided daily meteorological data over the studied period, including collection hour, temperature, and relative humidity values. The results revealed that throughout the year, the air blown into the grain mass for both corn and soybeans-maintained conditions conducive to achieving a moisture content of 13% (on a wet basis). For corn, the months with the highest number of hours suitable for hygroscopic equilibrium were January, April, and June in 2020; May, June, and November in 2021; and April, May, and July in 2022. For soybeans, the months with the most hours suitable for hygroscopic equilibrium were May, June, and November in 2020; April, May, and November in 2021; and March, June, and December in 2022.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Biopesticides have shown high potential in controlling insect pests, including Diatraea saccharalis Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). From that perspective, this study evaluated lethal concentrations of the product Fitoneem®, which has Azadirachtin A and B, and its impact on the mortality pattern of D. saccharalis. Fitoneem® was diluted in distilled water at concentrations of 5000 ppm, 10000 ppm, 20000 ppm, 30000 ppm, and 50000 ppm. The larvae were exposed to the product through the following exposure routes: (1) topical spray, applying the product directly to the larvae's prothorax; (2) ingestion, exposing the larvae through inoculation of the product in the artificial diet; and (3) spraying the entire body of the insect, using a manual spray bottle. After exposure, mortality was assessed at 24 intervals for six consecutive days. According to the concentrations studied of Fitoneem®, larvae exposed via spraying all over the body showed LC50 of 18500 ppm and LC90 of 55100 ppm; via topical application, the LC50 was 15700 ppm and LC90 of 17400 ppm, and via ingestion, LC50 of 22500 ppm and LC90 of 70400 ppm. The median lethal time ranged from 96 to 144 hours. Therefore, Fitoneem® in low concentrations promotes high mortality levels in D. saccharalis. Hence, our results show the potential of using Azadirachtin A and B to manage this crucial pest in sugarcane and information that can contribute to understanding its action mode in the insect.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Plants need boron (B) in low concentrations to carry out structural and metabolic functions. However, excess B in the soil can cause problems in plant emergence and development. This study aimed to evaluate the emergence responses and production of nitrogen compounds of herbaceous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.R. latifolium Hutch) germinated in soil with high concentrations of B. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, under a completely randomized design, using different concentrations of B, at concentrations 0.5 (control), 30, 60, and 120 mg B dm-3 soil. Plants were cultivated for 15 days, for evaluation of emergence parameters, and reserves partition and allocation. There was a significant effect of the B application on the emergence velocity index (EVI), emergence percentage, and shoot length. We observed a decrease in the shoot dry mass production and a significant increase in photosynthetic pigments; the concentrations of total soluble amino acids in stems, leaves, and cotyledons, as well as the concentrations of total soluble protein in cotyledons and the concentrations of starch present in all organs, were affected. G. hirsutum showed signs of phytotoxicity in the treatment of 120 mg B dm-3, for all evaluated parameters.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Endozoochory in dry tropical forests is a phenomenon that ensures species perpetuation, due to its positive effects on seed germination and plant establishment. However, the mechanisms behind this germinative success are poorly understood. This study aimed to analyze the ingestion of Libidibia ferrea and Senna spectabilis seeds by goats and sheep and the effect on dormancy and morphophysiological qualities. Four hundred seeds of each species were provided in the feed base of goats and sheep, followed by an evaluation of the recovery rate, germination (%), germination speed index, mean germination time, shoot and root length, and seedlings dry mass. The recovery of seeds from sheep occurred more rapidly (within 48 hours for both species) in the first hours after ingestion, while for goats, this process occurred slowly and over a more extended period, which may potentially favor the perpetuation of the species within the habitat. To elucidate the study, it was noted that vigor variables, dry mass, and germination speed index contribute most to the data explanation for L. ferrea seeds, whereas for S. spectabilis seeds, the germination showed intermediate contribution, suggesting its relevant role in this species. Dormancy of L. ferrea and S. spectabilis seeds can be broken when ingested by goats and sheep, indicating that the passage of the seeds through the digestive system enhances their physiological quality in comparison to those that were not ingested by these animals.

Abstract in English:

HIGHLIGHTS The use of growth regulators to induce fruiting in pumpkins, without natural pollination. Application of IBA via flower on the outside shows higher production of 'butternut type' squash. The CPPU application via flower in the inner part provides a greater number of fruits. The physicochemical quality of butternut squash fruits is not influenced.

Abstract in English:

HIGHLIGHTS Evaluation of physiological changes in mangrove oysters (Crassostrea gasar) in subtropical estuarine environments. Assessment of mortality, metabolic rate, and ammonia excretion at varying salinities (0-35 g L-1) and temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30°C). Potential for significant advancement in the region through small-scale family oyster farming.

Abstract in English:

HIGHLIGHTS First tests of growth and biomass for Lentinus concavus and Panus cf. tephroleucus. Physiological knowledge of mycelial development at high temperatures. Temperature study of strains from three Brazilian biomes: Pantanal, Atlantic Forest and Amazon.

Abstract in English:

HIGHLIGHTS The best results with the HM053 strain were observed at the lowest nitrogen doses. Regardless of the inoculation method, strain HM053 improved the biometric parameters of strawberry plants. Using strain HM053 can result in a 50% decrease nitrogen fertilizer usage.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Agricultural waste management is a critical environmental and economic issue. Thailand is one of the world's leading pineapple growers. Pineapples contain bromelain, a very important protease. This study used an ammonium sulfate precipitation method to partially purify bromelain from pineapple peel waste, which represented the largest enzyme portion with the highest level of specificity. The study findings indicate that partially purified bromelain is more stable and has nearly twice the activity of crude bromelain. Based on SDS-PAGE analysis, bromelain has a molecular weight of approximately 24 kDa. The enzyme’s stability was assessed in the presence and absence of preservatives. The preservatives, chitosan and sodium benzoate, both reduced bromelain activity and affected the protein pattern as well as the brightness of clear zones analyzed using SDS-PAGE. Using chitosan instead of sodium benzoate results in a less decreased bromelain activity. Dehairing tests showed unwinding of hairs and gentle scraping without visible collagen destruction, suggesting proper skin peeling upon closer examination. The enzyme completely removes stains from cloth samples. These results indicate that the enzyme can aid hair and stain removal. Leather and washing applications may benefit from the use of crude bromelain. Since enzymes naturally degrade, it would be advisable to add appropriate preservatives.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The growing consumer demand for organically grown vegetables highlights the need for research into organic fertilization strategies. Phosphorus, a key nutrient required in large quantities, warrants further investigation into its application doses and sources, particularly for short-cycle crops like carrots. This study evaluated the efficacy of bone meal and Yoorin® thermophosphate as organic phosphorus sources in carrot production. The experiment was conducted using the 'Fernanda' hybrid (Feltrin®) at 'Sítio Alvorada' in Botucatu-SP, Brazil. A randomized block design with four replications in a 2 x 6 factorial arrangement was employed, testing two organic fertilizers (bone meal and Yoorin® thermophosphate) at six phosphorus doses (0, 360, 720, 1080, 1440, and 1800 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻1). Parameters assessed included fresh weight of shoots, roots, total biomass, plant and root length, diameter, yield, and root physicochemical properties (pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and the 'ratio'). Bone meal's slower nutrient release required higher doses (1586 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻1) for optimal performance, while Yoorin® thermophosphate achieved peak effectiveness at lower doses (974 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻1). Excessive phosphorus application beyond optimal doses led to yield reductions. No significant variations were observed in physicochemical attributes. Bone meal produced higher root yields compared to Yoorin® thermophosphate, but this difference was significant only at application doses above 1440 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻1.

Abstract in English:

HIGHLIGHTS To FP-PBR operation, an aeration rate of 0.067 vvm (10 L min-1) was efficient. Higher Nannochloropsis oculata biomass (1.91 ± 0.15 g L-1) was obtained using S/V 21.0 m-1. The FP-PBR system made with alternative materials proved to be efficient.

Abstract in English:

HIGHLIGHTS Urochloa species are wild and are used as forage crops, with non-uniform spikelet maturation. Dormancy is common on those spikelets, even in those that reach maturation. Storage of those spikelet is not properly understood under different conditions. Heavy spikelets stored better in dry conditions under controlled temperature (20 C).

Abstract in English:

Abstract Mangoes are worldwide consumed fruits providing health benefits due to flavonoids content. Nevertheless, its quality may be affected along the supply chain and then ripening strategies after harvest must be optimized. There are few studies evaluating different exposure times to ethephon on mango ripening. Additionally, the use of ethephon may promote the development of anthracnose, affecting fruits quality. Typically, ethephon is used for immersion times between 2 and 5 minutes. There are no studies about immersion times of less than 1 minute for mangoes ripening and to reduce its effect on anthracnose. Hence, this report aims to evaluate ‘Carabao’ mango quality after treatment with two immersion times, four ethephon concentrations in four storage periods. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in Viçosa, Brazil. Pulp hue angle and pulp carotenoids content were influenced by storage, immersion time and ethephon concentration. Respiratory rate, soluble solids, titrable acid and weight loss were influenced by storage while firmness and weight loss were influenced by immersion time. Ascorbic acid content and soluble solids content were impacted by ethephon concentration and immersion time. In general, the lower immersion time with 1 to 2 g L-1 ethephon concentrations anticipated fruits ripening. Despite the high anthracnose incidence and severity, ethephon use had no effect on increasing the disease development, showing its suitability as a postharvest ripening agent for mangoes. Therefore, the ideal conditions for mango ripening using ethephon must be further investigated to improve mango quality after harvest and throughout distribution network.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Herbicides selects resistant weed populations, such as morning glory (Ipomoea triloba L.) and sourgrass (Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde). Natural compounds represent an alternative control method for weeds. Released into the environment, those metabolites can influence other organisms by allelochemical interactions. Alecrim-de-campinas (Holocalyx balansae Micheli) produces cyanogenic glycosides, which are toxic metabolites. Therefore, can crude extract, aqueous extracts, and H. balansae metabolites affect the germination and growth of morning glory, sourgrass, and lettuce? Crude extract (CE) and the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) were obtained and their allelochemical potential evaluated by lettuce germination. Aqueous extracts (EAq) were tested on the germination and growth of lettuce, morning glory, and sourgrass. The HB-1 compound was isolated from EAF and its effect was tested on the growth of the weeds and on the germination and growth of lettuce. CE, EAF, and EAq reduced germination and inhibited growth, especially affecting root elongation. This study found no difference in lettuce germination under HB-1 solutions. The compound reduced seedling elongation, the bioassays caused the emergence of abnormal seedlings with root necrosis, yellowish and poorly expanded cotyledons and eophylls. The evaluated seedlings showed reduced growth and weight and morphological changes.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the influence of spray nozzles types on the chemical control of wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaf and ear diseases. The experimental design employed a randomized block design, comprising six treatments and four replications, conducted at Fazenda Escola Capão da Onça, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil, during three crop seasons. The treatments included a control group (without the application of fungicides) and the application of fungicides using spray nozzles: hollow cone, double flat fan, extended-range flat fan, wide-angle flat fan, and air-induction flat fan. The sprayer utilized was a backpack pressurized by carbon dioxide (CO2). The evaluated variables encompassed the incidence and severity of leaf and ear diseases, spray quality (covered area, density, and relative amplitude), and yield components. The findings indicated the necessity of chemical control for fungal diseases in wheat plants. Differences among nozzles were limited to spray quality parameters (coverage and droplet density), without effects on disease incidence or yield.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Citrus canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, is responsible for significant economic losses of citrus in Brazil and elsewhere. The disease occurs in all regions of commercial production of sweet orange (C. sinensis L. Osbeck). Compared to chemical control, deploying canker-resistant cultivars is a viable and economical alternative for management of the disease. The objectives of this study were to compare the resistance to citrus canker of 14 genotypes of sweet orange, and to verify the levels of various enzymes involved in the canker resistance response, specifically peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. The 14 genotypes included were Hamlin, Vermelha, Pera EEL, Pera IAC, Pera Bianchi/CC, Pera Ipiguá, Pera IAC 2000/1, Pera Ovale Siracusa, Pera Ovale, Pera IAC 2000/2, Pera M5, Pera Arapongas, Pera 58 and Pera 59. The varieties were evaluated under greenhouse conditions, through inoculation of leaves with X. citri subsp. citri, strain Xcc 306. After inoculation, measurements of lesion diameter and biochemical analyses were performed. Significant differences in resistance to X. citri subsp. citri between the citrus genotypes were observed, with cultivars Pera IAC and Pera EEL having significantly or numerically the smallest diameter canker lesions. Cultivar Pera IAC showed elevated levels of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase, enzymes known to be involved in resistance response to pathogen invasion. Cultivars with a strong resistance response to infection, and that produce smaller lesions are likely good candidates for commercial production or for use in breeding programs.

Abstract in English:

Abstract This study aimed to develop a bromelain-based gel and evaluate its effects in a ligature-induced periodontitis model in rats. The bromelain-based gel was formulated in two concentrations (1% and 10%). Ten animals were used per group: Control, Periodontitis, Periodontitis + Neutral Gel, Periodontitis + 1% Bromelain Gel, Periodontitis + 10% Bromelain Gel and Periodontitis + 2% Chlorhexidine Gel. The clinical parameters of tooth mobility (TM), gingival bleeding index (GBI) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were evaluated and, after euthanasia, gingival and liver tissue were collected by biopsy for biochemical evaluation of myeloperoxidase (MPO), malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and from the jaws for morphometric analysis of alveolar bone height. The clinical parameters of MT, GBI and PPD of the groups treated with bromelain gel showed a significant reduction (MT = 67.04%, GBI = 67.72% and PPD = 41.22%) compared to the group with periodontitis. The results for MPO dosage in the gingival tissue showed statistically significant differences between the groups when compared to the group with periodontitis, MDA and GSH showed promising results in the groups treated with gels in the dosages of gingival and liver tissue. The results for ABL showed significant differences when compared to the groups that received gel treatment. Therefore, the bromelain orabase gel evaluated in periodontitis showed a positive response for the following parameters TM, GBI and PPD, MPO, MDA and ABL of the oral tissues, preventing alveolar bone resorption caused by the disease, highlighting the potential as an adjuvant treatment of periodontitis, in addition to reducing the systemic effects on the liver tissue.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-biofilm activity of two essential oils from Varronia curassavica Jaq. Two genotypes (VCUR-202 and VCUR-302), previously identified as exhibiting high antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas campestris, were selected for this study. Use of Crystal Violet (CV) and Phenol Red (PR) staining of biofilm biomass demonstrated that both Essential Oils (EOs) had strong effect on both biofilm formation and preformed biofilm. The EOs effects on biofilm was confirmed with scanning electron microscopy where the changes in biofilm structure were noticed. Furthermore, results obtained show that sub-inhibitory concentrations of EOs were able to inhibit biofilm formation. Our findings show that EOs from V. curassavica exhibit strong anti-biofilm activity and might be used as a potential agent to controlX. campestris biofilm. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides useful information for the development of natural treatments for black rot caused by X.campestris. Studies on the cellular mechanisms involved in antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities are ongoing. These steps are essential for future in vivo tests using these essential oils to control black rot caused by Xcc.

Abstract in English:

Abstract This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a new formulation containing melatonin precursors in patients with sleep disorders. Thirty-six individuals were divided into two groups: one receiving the new formulation and the other a placebo, for 30 days. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire before and after intervention. It showed significant improvements in sleep quality, including reduced time to fall asleep, fewer nighttime awakenings, and higher overall satisfaction, in the group receiving the new formulation. However, some aspects, such as difficulty staying awake during the day, did not show significant differences. Comparison between groups revealed initial disparities in sleep-related aspects, which narrowed after intervention in the formulation supplement group. These findings suggest that the new formulation may effectively improve sleep quality, emphasizing the need for further research to comprehensively understand its impact on sleep and overall health.

Abstract in English:

Abstract HIV-1 exhibits tropism for the CCR5 and/or CXCR4 receptors, which are essential for viral entry into CD4 cells. With the advent of coreceptor antagonists, understanding HIV-1 tropism has become crucial for patient management. The V3 loop, a highly variable region of approximately 35 amino acids, plays a key role in determining tropism. Due to the genetic diversity of HIV-1 subtypes, V3 loop sequences may vary in amino acid composition depending on tropism and subtype. This study aimed to identify critical positions within the V3 loop for defining CCR5, CXCR4, and R5X4 tropisms based on HIV-1 subtype. The random forest algorithm was employed to assess variable importance. CCR5 tropism was predominant, accounting for 80.06% of the sample, while 15% exhibited dual-tropism (R5X4) and 6.37% had CXCR4 tropism. The most prevalent subtype was B, representing 54.45% of the sample. Random forest analysis identified positions 2, 5, 8, 11, 12, 13, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 32, and 34 as crucial for HIV-1 tropism. Most of these positions aligned with previous findings. Interestingly, the widely cited 11/25 rule was not universally applicable across subtypes, as recombinant forms exhibited different key positions. Position 25 was important across all subtypes, whereas position 11 ranked among the top five only in subtype B. The random forest algorithm effectively identified key positions for tropism characterization.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) requires relatively high concentrations to induce apoptosis of cancer cells, which can possibly cause apoptosis of normal cells. Anticancer ability of InsP6 could be preserved by combining with histone, so InsP6 can be used at low concentrations. The effect of InsP6 and histone combination has not been investigated on nasopharyngeal cancer cells. The current study elucidated the effect of InsP6 and its combination with histone on the apoptosis of HONE-1 cells. The most effective concentration and the cellular mechanisms by which this combination exerts its anticancer effects were also investigated. HONE-1 and NIH3T3 cells (as normal control cells) were treated with InsP6 and/or histone in different concentrations. Apoptosis percentages of the treated cells were measured with sub-G1 assay. Nuclear fragmentation and mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) reduction in the treated HONE-1 cells were confirmed with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and ∆Ψm assay, respectively. The combination of 10 μM InsP6 and 10 μg/mL histone had the optimal ability to induce the apoptosis of HONE-1 cells. This combination did not induce apoptosis of NIH3T3 cells. The apoptosis-inducing ability of this combination was higher than that of 10 μM InsP6 merely. The ability of InsP6 to induce apoptosis of HONE-1 cells could be enhanced by histone application. Combination of 10 μM InsP6 and 10 μg/mL histone might be the optimal concentrations for inducing apoptosis in HONE-1 cells.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and idiopathic disorder that inflames joint synovial tissue, cartilage, bone and lowers the quality of life. Many studies link RA to leukocyte-mediated inflammation and oxidative damage along with the liberation of many inflammatory cells, degradative enzymes, cytokines and chemokines. Linalool is the primary ingredient of some essential oils derived from aromatic plants containing antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antirheumatic effect of Linalool through invitro, insilico and Complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritic rat model. Antioxidant activity was measured by 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Nitric oxide, Superoxide, and Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, and anti-inflammatory activity by Human Red Blood Cell stabilization and Protein denaturation inhibition assay. Rats were stimulated with Complete Freund's adjuvant, type II collagen, and Lipopolysaccharide to develop arthritis and evaluated for biochemical and arthritic markers. Linalool exhibits concentration dependent inhibition in both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays at concentrations ranging from 25 to 250 µg/mL. Subsequently, both 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of Linalool managed all the arthritic parameters (body weight, paw volume, splenic index, and arthritic index) effectively, including Tumor Necrosis Factor- α, Interleukin-6, Lymphocytes and Neutrophils. The insilico analysis shows a favourable protein-ligand interaction for the identified proteins. Linalool was effective in reducing inflammation, prevents joint and cartilage damage, and modulates immunological responses, suggesting it might be helpful in RA. Further research and clinical trials are needed to validate these results and explore Linalool's potential as a viable treatment option for patients suffering from this debilitating autoimmune disease.

Abstract in English:

Abstract RNA extraction is usually required for molecular detection methods. On the other hand, this step implies time consumption and additional cost to laboratorial routine. This study evaluated the use of direct-RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection compared to the gold standard extraction method. An exploratory stage was performed using DMSO, glycerol, Tween 20 and Easy Extract® DNA-RNA addition in a pool of highly positive clinical samples (CT<25), which were subsequently tested by AllplexTM 2019-nCoV assay. Validation was performed with 54 SARS-CoV-2 positive and five negative clinical samples comparing three distinct conditions: (i) 1:1 water dilution, (ii) 1.5% DMSO dilution, or (iii) crude samples. Results of the exploratory stage showed Cycle Threshold (CT) values very close to those obtained by the reference extraction step in high viral load samples. However, when lower viral load samples were analyzed, a slight concordance was observed compared to the extraction step. In the validation stage, it was observed that water or 1.5% DMSO dilution presented 97.3% of concordance in samples with CT≤30, resulting in 97.4% of sensitivity and 0.83 Kappa coefficient. Sensitivity was reduced with samples CT>30 and with crude samples. The methodology showed reproducibility with differents operators. These results reinforce the good performance of direct RT-qPCR methods in active SARS-CoV-2 infection, allowed cost and time reduction of diagnosis.

Abstract in English:

HIGHLIGHTS Curcumin and Tamoxifen co-encapsulation is efficiently obtained. Curcumin and Tamoxifen in PLA nanoparticles reduces the Tamoxifen hemolysis effect. Curcumin and Tamoxifen in PLA nanoparticles is more efficient than free Tamoxifen against melanoma.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Breast cancer (BC), the most prevalent cancer among women, necessitates the identification of effective early detection biomarkers. Reticulon 4 (RTN4), a neurite growth inhibitor primarily expressed in the central nervous system, has recently been implicated in cancer development. This study aimed to comprehensively examine the expression level, prognostic and immunological value, function and drug sensitivity of RTN4 in BC. Expression and survival analyses were performed using HPA, TIMER, GEPIA, UALCAN, and PROGgeneV2; immune-related features were explored via TISIDB, TIMER, and Sangerbox, while drug sensitivity analysis was conducted using the CellMiner database. RTN4 expression was observed significantly lower in BC compared to the normal tissues (p<0.05). Elevated mRNA expression levels of RTN4 were significantly associated with shorter overall survival in BC patients (p<0.05). Analysis of the tumor microenvironment (TME) revealed significant correlations between RTN4 and immune cell infiltration, immune and molecular subtypes, and stromal components (p<0.05). Furthermore, microsatellite instability, most immunomodulatory genes, and nearly half of immune checkpoints in BC showed significant associations with RTN4 expression (p<0.05). In addition, its expression showed significant correlations with the drug sensitivities of lovastatin, simvastatin, and fluvastatin (p<0.05). Considering its differential expression and significant correlation with BC prognosis, TME, and immune-related genes, RTN4 shows promise as a potential biomarker candidate, offering guidance for innovative treatment approaches for BC.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an alternative to the consumption of conventional cereals, with high technological, nutritional and functional potential. The peptides formed during the enzymatic digestion of their proteins have shown a modulating effect on variables related to chronic noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular ones. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the bioactive compounds of sorghum and its hydrolysate in their toxicity, hypocholesterolemic, antiatherogenic, and antioxidant properties in vivo. For the toxicity test, nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans were used. For the experimental study, wild-type C57BL/6 and LDL-cholesterol receptor knockout (LDL-/-) mice were maintained on a normal or atherogenic diet and received whole sorghum flour or its hydrolysate by intragastric oral gavage (800 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The protein hydrolysate showed the highest concentration of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant activity; the enzymatic hydrolysis reached 42.5% of the proteins, with low molecular weight peptides, in addition to not showing toxicity at the dose used. The in vivo results demonstrated that the flour and hydrolysate reduced the levels of total and LDL-c cholesterol and the lipid deposition in aorta of animals with atherogenic diet, and increased the antioxidant activity in plasma and liver, in addition to plasmatic HDL-c. The hydrolysate also showed an antimutagenic effect by micronucleus test. Therefore, whole sorghum flour and its hydrolysate are a source of antioxidant nutritional compounds that act against the development of hypercholesterolemia and atherogenesis, in addition to an antimutagenic effect and absence of toxicity.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Silver nitrate is an inorganic salt that is active against a wide range of microorganisms, mainly bacteria and fungi. The emergence of antibiotics and new medications led to the abandonment of silver nitrate by modern medicine, however microbial resistance to existing medications led to the re-emergence of the use of silver nitrate by the scientific community. Amoebic keratitis is a serious condition associated to the use of contact lenses. Very often this disease results in blindness and its prevalence is increasing along with the number of lens wearers. It is caused by a free-living amoeba belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba. Currently, amoebic keratitis has no specific treatment and what it is available is quite prolonged and requires extreme discipline from the patient. In this study the trophozoites were cultured in PYG medium and subsequently incubated with different concentrations of silver nitrate. Trophozoite viability was assessed after 120 hours using the Trypan blue exclusion test. Morphological changes were evaluated by optical and transmission electron microscopy. .Concentrations above 0.1 mg/mL of silver nitrate have an amoebicidal effect in vitro in 5 days of incubation; a concentration of 1 mg/mL is capable of causing the death of more than 90% of the amoebas tested, in just 15 minutes. The results obtained suggest that silver nitrate-based eye drops can help or form part of a treatment against amoebic keratitis. In conclusion, silver nitrate showed an important amoebicidal effect, in the concentration range of 0.1 to 1 mg/mL.

Abstract in English:

Abstract To verify the moderating role of cardiorespiratory fitness in the relationship between glycemic control and lipid profile in adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). This is a cross-sectional study developed with 34 adolescents with T1D (age 13.0±1.9 years, 53% girls) from Paraná, Brazil. Cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake - VO2max) test was performed using a gas analyzer, while lipid profile and glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin - HbA1c) levels were analyzed via enzymatic colorimetric and immunoturbidimetric methods, respectively. The glycemic coefficient of variation was calculated. Moderation analysis was performed using different linear regression models, adjusted for maturation, age, and time since diagnosis. The moderation analysis demonstrated a significant interaction between VO2max versus HbA1c with total cholesterol (β= -1.067, CI (95%)= -2.018; -0.116, p= -0.029) and triglycerides (β= -1.158, CI(95%)= -2.298; -0.017, p=0.047) only in those with low and medium VO2max. In those with high VO2max, this association no longer existed. The interaction between VO2max versus coefficient of variation with total cholesterol was significant (β= 0.283, CI(95)= 0.014; 0.463, p=0.03), but it was discontinued at higher values of VO2max. Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness attenuate the influence of HbA1c and glycemic variability on the lipid profile of adolescents with T1D, indicating that cardiorespiratory fitness exerts a protective role on lipid profile even under the deleterious effect of glycemia.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Colorectal cancer is responsible for a high proportion of cancer mortality. The most effective way to avoid colorectal cancer is to have a colonoscopy. However, not every polyp in the colon is prone to cancer. As a result, different techniques are employed to classify polyps. A video endoscopy can diagnose stomach ulcers, bleeding, and polyps. Doctors spend a lot of time reviewing medical video endoscopy images. The challenge of diagnosing images manually has spurred research into computer-assisted methods that can accurately and swiftly assess any created image. The suggested approach develops a framework for identifying digestive problems. The methods and treatment plan would be determined by the gastrointestinal state classification. In the present study, publicly accessible datasets, such as Kvasir, in used. In the Kvasir dataset, 5000 images are evenly distributed across five different digestive tract-related categories: ulcerative colitis, dye-lifted polyps, resection margins, normal cecum, and polyps. Preprocessing is done to improve the quality of the images and reduce the noise. These improved images were employed using deep learning networks. The present study proposes a stacking ensemble approach to boost the model's accuracy for prediction. The ensemble approach included five meticulously tuned deep convolutional neural network architectures, namely Xception, ResNet-101, VGG-19, EfficientNetB2v3, and MobileNetV2. These models were trained using weights obtained from the ImageNet dataset. Highest accuracy of 96.50% was achieved using meta models based on K-nearest neighbour (K-NN) method.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Z. kleinii is an endemic species in Brazil. No reports of popular use, regarding its chemical composition or biological activities were reported to date. The study aimed to investigated the chemical composition of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum kleinii leaves and evaluate its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. The essential oil was extracted from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation method, using a Clevenger apparatus, having a yield of 0.12% (v/m) volume of essential oil in relation to the amount of plant material. Quantitative analysis was performed by GC-MS and the results showed that the essential oil contains 30 compounds. The major compounds are monoterpene hydrocarbons, including β-phellandrene (37.80%), α-pinene (13.32%) and myrcene (10.05%). The essential oil showed no antibacterial activity against the strains tested (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis and S. aureus).

Abstract in English:

Abstract Essential oils (EO) have the potential to control ectoparasites, being an alternative to the use of synthetic products. The essential oils of Baccharis trimera and Mimosa verrucosa were evaluated for lethality, residual efficacy, and repellence against the ectoparasite Ctenocephalides felis felis Bouché, and toxicity was using Saccharomyces cerevisiae eukaryote model. EOs were obtained by steam distillation and characterized by GC/FID/MS. Mortality at different immature stages and among adult fleas was measured through in vitro filter paper tests at different concentrations of EOs, as well as residual effect and repellent activity. The major compounds for B. trimera were carquejyl acetate (33.0%), carquejol (7.07%), and palustrol (6.99%), and for M. verrucosa, β-pinene (14.2%), (E)-caryophyllene (13.8%), and α-pinene (10.6%). Low toxicity was recorded for B. trimera and M. verrucosa EOs at 200 µg.mL-1. EOs recorded 100% efficacy against adult fleas at 800 µg.cm-2 (LC50 = 369.22 µg.cm-2) and residual effect for three days, B. trimera EO promoted 46.7% of mortality on the 3rd day of the exposition, and M. verrucosa EO 20% of mortality on the 3rd day of the exposition. The repellent activity was presented in the concentration of 40000 µg.mL-1 for B. trimera EO (80% at 12h) and M. verrucosa EO (75% at 6h). The results show great potential for developing alternative products from the essentials of B. trimera and M. verrucosa in control against C. felis felis, which show low toxicity and high activity.

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Abstract Indole-thiosemicarbazones have different biological activities. The present study evaluated the preliminary interaction of these compounds with biomolecules, specifically human serum albumin (HSA) and DNA, using fluorescence techniques. The suppression results (Ksv) for HSA ranged from 3.5 x 104 to 4.6 x 105 L/mol, while for DNA, they ranged from 1.4 x 104 to 5.9 x 104 L/mol. The suppression was classified as weak to strong for HSA and moderate for DNA. The bimolecular suppression constant (Kq) showed values between 6.0 x 1012 and 8.2 x 1013 L/mol/s for HSA and from 1.4 x 1012 to 5.9 x 1012 L/mol/s for DNA, suggesting a static suppression mechanism. Compound PR09 stood out, presenting a binding constant (Ka) greater than 105 L/mol for HSA, indicating a strong interaction. Additionally, PR05, PR06, PR07, and PR09 demonstrated strong interactions with DNA. The values of the number of binding sites (n) indicated that PR01, PR02, and PR09 bind to multiple sites on HSA, while PR04, PR05, PR06, and PR09 interact with more than one site on DNA. All interactions were spontaneous, with ∆G negative. The distance between the compounds and tryptophan on HSA was less than 8 nm, suggesting high energy transfer efficiency. In molecular docking studies, PR05 showed the highest affinity for DNA (-11.15 kcal/mol), while PR09 had the highest affinity for HSA (-10.00 kcal/mol). PR07 exhibited the lowest binding energies for DNA (-8.21 kcal/mol) and for HSA (-7.38 kcal/mol). This study demonstrates that the evaluated compounds have potential as new drug candidates.

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Abstract The essential oils extracted from plants can demonstrate biological activity against a significant number of pathogens and/or antioxidant activity. The objective was to extract and identify the substances present in the essential oil of leaves, peel, and seeds of 'Bengal' lychee. Leaves and fruits of Litchi chinensis Sonn. were collected from an orchard located at the São Manuel Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences at the São Paulo State University (FCA/Unesp/Brazil). The extraction of the essential oil was performed by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The analysis of the essential oil was carried out using gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer and a flame ionization detector. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the chemical composition and the yield of essential oil were performed in triplicate, and the data were subjected to multivariate analysis. The essential oil yield ranged from 0.03% to 0.19%, with the highest percentage observed in the lychee peel. Twenty-two compounds were identified in the leaf, eighteen in the peel, and twenty in the seed. γ-Himachalene was the most abundant in the essential oil of the leaf, peel, and seed, with 30.36%, 51.85%, and 39.95%, respectively. The essential oil of lychee contains compounds with potential for use in various industrial sectors.

Abstract in English:

HIGHLIGHTS PCL nanocapsules containing lutein for skin use were successful obtained. Nanocapsules showed physical stability after 30 days when stored at room temperature and 4 °C. Nanoencapsulation improved the in vitro antioxidant action compared to free lutein. PCL nanocapsules containing lutein show biocompatibility with fibroblasts at lower concentrations.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Astragalus species include rich bioflavonoids, triterpene glycosides, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and saponins. Astragalus species are traditionally used for diarrhea, dental treatment, diabetes treatment and as a cough remedy. In this study, the phytochemical content (total phenolic content and quantitative analysis of phenolics) and biological activity (DPPH˙) of the methanol extract of Astragalus onobrychis were investigated. The SPMB technique, a new method, was used for total phenolic and DPPH˙ analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) and theoretical in silico studies (molecular docking and PASS) were applied to the major component as kaempferol-3-glucoside (K3G) in the constituent analysis, which was performed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Accordingly, the methanol extract of A. onobrychis was found to have high total phenolic content (FCR; 111.67 mg GA/g plant) and DPPH˙ (48.57%) analysis. Moreover, LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed the K (285.011 µg/g extract) to be major constituent. In addition, the interactions of the K3G molecule with DNA mtyltransefraze 1 and urease enzyme were compared with the standard daunorubicin and thiourea. It was found that K3G may have inhibitory potential. These results can be substantiated in future studies by in vivo and in vitro studies.

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Abstract Background: Subtilisin from Thermococcus kodakaraensis (Tk-subtilisin) is an ideal candidate for many industrial and research processes due to its unique features. Methods: In this study, the enzyme is overproduced in E. coli using four different media i.e. YNG, M9NG, TB and LB and its thermostability is studies. The production of enzyme is enhanced 10 folds as compared to previously reported data. The role of calcium ions in the thermostability at binding sites 1, 6 and 7, is also analyzed by performing the molecular dynamics simulations at 360K, 375K, 380K and 390K. Results: The enzyme retained its activity when exposed to various protein denaturing agents. The enzyme remained catalytically active in the presence of methanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, toluene and xylene. Tk-subtilisin showed slight collagenase-like activity while did not show any keratinase-like activity. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed RMSD scores were higher for complexes lacking Ca1 i.e. 1.31 to 2.23 and 1.08 to 2.19, for native Tk-subtilisin and its active site mutant, respectively. Conclusions: Thus, Ca1, Ca6 and Ca7 play a fundamental role in the thermostability of enzyme. Specifically, Ca1 is the most vital for thermostability as complexes lacking this calcium ion exhibited less thermostability and incompactness in structure.

Abstract in English:

HIGHLIGHTS First anatomical data for G. uruguensis and G. pohliana. Identifies four trichome types, emphasizing their distribution and morphology in each species. Phenolic compounds and druse crystals were observed. The results contribute to the structural knowledge of the genus Guettarda.

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Abstract RNA interference (RNAi) technology is an effective tool for silencing specific genes in living organisms, with a wide range of applications. However, its administration through ingestion in insects faces significant challenges, such as degradation by ribonucleases and chemical hydrolysis in natural environments. Functionalizing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) with nanoparticles (NPs) constitutes an effective strategy to preserve and stabilize these RNAs, allowing their application in controlling populations of Aedes aegypti, a vector of serious diseases such as dengue, malaria, zika, and chikungunya. In this study, a segment of the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) synthase gene from wild specimens of A. aegypti originating from the northwest of Peru was amplified and sequenced. Sequencing revealed that the amplified segments contain two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), both A/G substitutions that do not lead to changes in the amino acid sequence. These segments were used to generate dsRNA through in vitro transcription and cloning in Escherichia coli HT115 (D3). Finally, the obtained dsRNA-DOPAL synthase was functionalized with chitosan NPs from different molecular weight ranges chitosan types (50-190, 190-310, and 310-375 kDa). The interaction between dsRNA-DOPAL synthase and chitosan NPs was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) analysis. Functionalizing dsRNA-DOPAL synthase with chitosan NPs is a first step to develop an effective strategy for controlling A. aegypti populations. However, further in vivo tests with mosquito larvae in natural habitats (water containers or water bodies for example) are necessary to confirm its effectiveness.

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Abstract The soil seed bank is essential for natural regeneration in tropical forests, but it was not known whether the predominance of bamboos of the genus Guadua in the forest understory influenced the composition and diversity of the soil seed bank and forest regeneration. For these reasons, we evaluated the soil seed bank in Western Amazon forests with and without dominant bamboo (Guadua spp.), comparing the density of emerged seedlings and floristic composition. The study was carried out in a forest fragment in the municipality of Senador Guiomard, Acre (10°04'S; 67°37'W. Altitude: 241 m), in forest typologies with and without dominant bamboo in the understory. In each typology, 20 samples of the soil seed bank were collected and germinated in an oven. Counting and identifying the emerged seedlings revealed a higher number of seedlings, density of emerged seedlings and species diversity in the samples from the forest without bamboo. The floristic similarity between the seed banks was low. In the forest with bamboo, the most common species were Trema micranthum, Cecropia sciadophylla and Alchorneopsis floribunda, while in the forest without bamboo it was Saccoloma sp.

Abstract in English:

HIGHLIGHTS Maximum carotenoids are observed on day 12 for Spirulina subsalsa Maximum carotenoids are observed on day 27 for Chlorella pyrenoidosa Spirulina shows faster growth than Chlorella with slow and sustained growth Total protein, chlorophyll and carotenoids are higher in Spirulina than Chlorella

Abstract in English:

Abstract The erva/yerba mate tree Ilex paraguariensis is a South American crop significant to the industry and local economies of producer countries. Here, we provide a leading omics integral framework of high-quality annotated markers in yerba mate, notable for its exhaustive employed resources and rigorous curation and validation steps. We assembled the yerba mate nuclear genome (872.9 Mb; BUSCO: 97.3%) using a reference-guided approach, plastome (157.6 Kb), and mitogenome (521.3 Kb) to chromosome level, in addition to nuclear rDNA units 5S (511 bp) and 18S-25S (10,760 bp). The nuclear assembly exhibited 64.9% repetitiveness, while 23.1% corresponded to 41,922 protein-coding genes (PCGs) (BUSCO: 97.1%), with 93.5% mapped to 20 chromosomes and 99.1% supported by joint evidence from RNA-seq (89.1%), orthology in Ilex (84.7%), and functional annotation (92.9%); additionally, 23,089 alternative splice variants for 10,446 genes, 78,992 UTRs for 18,100 genes, and 500 tRNA genes were annotated. Genes were further categorized through description labels, GO terms, KEGG identifiers, EC numbers, structural signatures, pathway identifiers, subcellular localization, and membership in transcription factor families and kinase gene groups. The plastome conformed to the typical Ilex structure, contained 811 repeats and 131 genes (86 PCGs, 37 tRNAs, 8 rRNAs), and featured a single transcript with 53 PCG editing sites. The mitogenome comprised two chromosomes, 2,439 repeats, 65 genes (40 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, 3 rRNAs), and multiple transcripts with 578 PCG editing sites; Ilex mitogenomes showed comparable sequences but lacked synteny. Nuclear rDNA units were further annotated for genes, spacers, transcription-associated sites, and repeats. This comprehensive approach is anticipated to be pivotal for genetics, breeding programs, and downstream genomics research in yerba mate.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The production of second-generation ethanol has been recognized as a promising alternative for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve this, the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic residues by cellulases and hemicellulases is required, facilitating the release of monosaccharides that are subsequently fermented for ethanol production. In this study, the prospecting and macroscopic characterization of filamentous fungi were conducted, along with the evaluation of potential cellulase producers. Four distinct samples were collected and filamentous fungi were isolated using three different methods. Macromorphological characteristics were assessed in two solid culture media, CMC and oat flour, under incubation at 30 °C. Qualitative cellulase production was analyzed in CMC medium, with enzymatic halos visualized through Congo red staining. To determine the effect of temperature on fungal growth, the growth rates of the isolates were measured at 30 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C in CMC containing medium. A total of nineteen filamentous fungi were successfully isolated. Limited macromorphological variation was observed in CMC containing medium; however, greater morphological diversity was noted when isolates were cultivated in oat flour medium. The highest growth rates were recorded for B.D.1.3.A at 30 °C, B.D.1.4.B and B.I.3.8.2 at 35 °C, and B.I.3.8.2 at 40 °C. Additionally, the isolates B.D.1.1, B.D.1.4.B, B.I.3.8.2, V.D.7.1, and V.I.2.7.1 exhibited the highest cellulolytic activity. The findings of this study contribute to the identification of potential cellulase producing filamentous fungi, improving the understanding of their biotechnological potential and supporting the development of sustainable technologies.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Bauhinia forficata is a Brazilian medicinal plant, named “cow's paw”. Aqueous leaf, seed and stem extracts were prepared and their protein content, and protease inhibitor (PI) activities were assessed. The highest protein concentration was observed in aqueous stem (BF-CA) and tris seed (BF-ST) extracts. Only stem and seed extracts inhibited trypsin, papain and pepsin. All extracts reduced the protease activity of Leishmania amazonensis extracellular fraction, and the greatest inhibition was observed for BF-CA. Thus, BF-CA was elected for the study of secondary metabolite composition by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, toxicity against insect larvae and cytotoxicity to erythrocytes, macrophages and promastigote and amastigote from L. amazonensis, since good inhibitors of Leishmania proteases killed parasites in vitro, with future objectives to develop a sustainable formulations prototype to the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Quercetin and kaempferol glycosylated derivatives were the main metabolites of BF-CA, which showed very low cytotoxicity against erythrocytes, were nontoxic to Tenebrio molitor larvae and had low cytotoxicity against RAW macrophages (CC50 = 166.5 ± 8.61 µg of protein/mL). Regarding L. amazonensis, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BF-CA was 68.96 ± 9.91 µg of protein /mL for promastigotes and 34.61 ± 3.27 µg of protein /mL for amastigotes. Our results suggested that the combination of PIs and flavonoids was responsible for the significant leishmanicidal effects and low toxicity of B. forficata extract, associated with the reduced cost of this extract production, making an attractive and accessible adjuvant agent for leishmaniasis treatment.

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Abstract Fungi isolated from the basidiomes of Hymenochaetaceae are a promising source of hydrolytic enzymes and oxidases, which are of interest mainly due to the ease of obtaining these enzymes and their industrial applications. This study aims to detect the activity of amylases, cellulases, proteases, and oxidoreductases produced by fungi isolated from the basidiomes of Hymenochaetaceae, collected in the states of Acre and Amazonas, in the Amazon region, and to compare the enzymatic production obtained in specific and general culture media. We selected ten strains of fungi associated, which were subjected to molecular identification and subsequently cultivated in general culture medium (potato, dextrose and yeast extract) and in specific culture medium (Manachini solution with appropriate substrate for each enzyme). From the isolation of the basidiomes of Fomitiporia bambusarum, F. neotropica, Fuscoporia gilvus, Hymenochaete damicornis and Phylloporia spathulata, we obtained fungicolous fungi capable of producing amylases, cellulases and proteases, with the exception of oxidoreductases, for which only five strains produced this enzyme. Both of the culture media were effective; however, the Manachini solution with specific substrates produced between 3 to 60% more enzymes. Fungi isolated from Hymenochaetaceae species have great potential for the production of enzymes of biotechnological interest.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Eucalyptus benthamii essential oil is rich in α-pinene and offers antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. This study focused on synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and essential oil nanoparticles (EoNPs) from E. benthamii. AgNPs were created by adding AgNO3 to an aqueous extract of E. benthamii leaves, indicated by a color change. EoNPs were formed by interfacial deposition of preformed polymer. The nanoparticles were analyzed for size, zeta potential and morphology using Zetasizer Nano® and Field Emission Gun - Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM). Cytotoxicity was evaluated in 3T3 fibroblasts using the MTT assay. The results showed a zeta potential of -20.5 ± 2.23 mV and an average size of 137.7 ± 17.25 nm, and decreased cell viability at concentrations of 6.25% to 50%. The EoNPs had an average diameter of 146.0 ± 6.71 nm, a zeta potential of -20.9 ± 0.854 mV, and stimulated fibroblast growth at lower concentrations. The study demonstrates the effective and eco-friendly synthesis of bioactive nanoparticles using E. benthamii extract and essential oil, highlighting their potential benefits in skincare.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death and it is crucial to identify new sources for its treatment and suppression. Medicinal plants represent one of the most important resources in challenge against the cancer. Hypericum species have been shown in previous studies to suppress viability of various cancer cells. However, studies investigating the anticancer activities of Hypericum olympicum specifically on lung cancer cells remain quite limited. In this study, the anticancer activity of sequential dichloromethane (HOD) and methanol (HOM) extracts of H. olympicum on lung cancer cells (A549) was investigated, focusing on the reduction of cell viability, induction of apoptotic cell death, and suppression of proinflammatory cytokines. In this context, the effects of HOD and HOM on A549 cell viability were assessed using MTT method. The percentage of apoptotic and non-apoptotic cells was determined by AnnexinV/PI staining. The levels of Interleukin 6 (IL6) and 8 (IL8), as well as the apoptotic marker caspase-3, were measured using ELISA method. The mRNA levels of proapoptotic BAX and antiapoptotic BCL-2 were measured by Real-Time PCR method. The viability of A549 cells decreased following treatment with both HOD and HOM. In the HOD group, BAX level increased, while pro-caspase-3 and IL6 levels decreased. Additionally, percentage of apoptotic cells increased in HOD group, whereas the percentage of non-apoptotic cells increased in HOM group. Consequently, it is suggested that the anticancer activity of H. olympicum is associated with apoptotic pathway in the case of HOD, and a non-apoptotic pathway in the case of HOM.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Campomanesia (Myrtaceae) plants are widely used in traditional medicine, yet their industrial potential still needs to be explored. While research has focused on the leaves, fruits, seeds, and roots, the bioactive potential of the stems remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the extraction of bioactive compounds from the stems of three Campomanesia species [Campomanesia sessiliflora (O.Berg) Mattos, Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O.Berg, and Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O.Berg] through the preparation of tinctures, a traditional extraction method. Tinctures were prepared using 20% (w/v) dried and crushed stems in ethanol, and their phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, antioxidant activity (DPPH assay), and in vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) were monitored over a six-month period. The chromatographic profiles were also analyzed using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with a diode array detector (UPLC-DAD). The results demonstrated species-specific differences in extraction efficiency, with C. guazumifolia exhibiting the highest levels of phenolic compounds and superior antioxidant and photoprotective properties. Rutin was identified as a key bioactive compound in the tinctures. These findings highlight the potential of Campomanesia stem tinctures as sustainable raw materials for developing bio-based cosmetic formulations with antioxidant and photoprotective functionalities, contributing to the valorization of this underutilized industrial crop by-product.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The study aimed to characterize the phytochemical, antioxidant and hemolytic activity, and cytotoxicity of aqueous extracts of epicuticular wax from young (AEYL) and mature (AEML) leaves of Copernicia prunifera, a palm native to Brazil that adds value to both the local and the country's economy. Qualitative phytochemical analysis and physical-chemical tests (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and differential pulse voltammetry) were performed. Quantitative analyses were carried out for total phenols, antioxidant activity by 2.2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic (ABTS + •) and in vitro cytotoxic and hemolytic activity in human tumor cell lines and erythrocytes, respectively. Tannins, saponins and reducing sugars in all extracts were detected and total phenolic content was 56.48 ± 21.91 mg and 158.52 ± 39.27 in AEYL and AEML, respectively. Antioxidant activity was 34.9 ± 4.8 μg in AEYL and 100.3 ± 15.2 μg in AEML. The AEML extract presented higher total phenol content and greater cytotoxicity against the SF-295 glioblastoma cell line (IC₅₀ = 27.58 µg/mL) when compared to AEYL (IC₅₀ = 77.59 µg/mL), reinforcing its potential as a source of bioactive compounds.”. Hemolytic activity of AEYL was lower than in AEML, and both presented concentrations capable of causing hemolysis above those effective against tumor cell lines. The results obtained showed to have potential as a source of bioactive compounds and that add value to its production chain.

Abstract in English:

Abstract East Java, Indonesia, has been identified as a new distribution area for Scopellaria marginata (Blume) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes (Cucurbitaceae) based on morphological evidence. To confirm this finding, molecular validation through DNA barcoding is required for accurate species identification. This study was to analyze the performance of rbcL, matK, and trnK regions in S. marginata identification. The DNA barcoding was performed by genomic DNA extraction from S. marginata, PCR amplification using three regions (rbcL, matK, and trnK), and DNA sequencing. The rbcL, matK, and trnK showed that successfully amplified in all samples with fragment sizes of ~290 bp, ~700 bp, and ~170 bp, respectively. The homology analysis using BLASTn and phylogenetic tree construction based on rbcL and matK showed that all samples were S. marginata species. However, the trnK intron showed ambiguous results. Furthermore, the correct assignment rate value for rbcL and matK were 100%, while trnK was 0% for S. marginata. Two-dimensional DNA barcodes with lengths 261 and 668 bp for rbcL and matK have been proposed as S. marginata-specific barcode which converted into DNA QR code. The rbcL and matK as effective barcodes, while trnK categorized as ambiguous barcode to identify S. marginata. These finding highlights the rbcL and matK as potential DNA barcodes for identification of S. marginata.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Biochemical tests for electrical conductivity and tetrazolium can provide an assessment of seed lot quality within a few days or hours, and research related to rapid vigor and viability tests for Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill. seeds are scarce in literature. Thus, the purpose of this study was to optimize the methodology of the tetrazolium test for seed evaluation to facilitate analysis, or reduce the time of its procedures, in addition to defining a standard for the electrical conductivity test for the species. In the tetrazolium test, two types of cut (without tegument and longitudinal cut), two temperatures (30 ºC and 40 ºC), and two staining times (4 h and 16 h) were tested. The electrical conductivity was carried out with two seed quantities (15 and 25), two water volumes (75 mL and 100 mL), and two temperatures (25 ºC and 30 ºC), in five evaluation periods (3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours). As results, the combination of longitudinal cut and tetrazolium staining at 40 °C for 16 h reduces preparation time and seed losses. Thus, it can be an alternative to the methodology in which there is the complete removal of the seed coat and staining at 40 °C for 4 h. In addition, the electrical conductivity test was not efficient to evaluate the vigor of J. mollissima seed lots using the proposed methodology.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Large quantities of coffee and yerba mate are consumed in households in Argentina and Brazil. In this study, we investigated the growth and production of Coprinus comatus, Macrocybe titans and Pleurotus ostreatus on compost of used yerba mate and coffee grounds to determine if these household wastes are suitable for the cultivation of edible mushrooms. Prior to cultivation, a virtual survey was conducted and completed by 156 household representatives of households in Argentina, confirming the initial premise that Argentinians consume large amounts of yerba mate and coffee, resulting in significant quantities of these household wastes that could be reused for the cultivation of edible mushrooms. The initial composition of the compost was formulated with a 1:1 ratio of used yerba mate and coffee grounds, with a humidity level of 65%. The compost was maintained for 26 days and was turned twice per week. Several composts were made to observe the variability of the results. For P. ostreatus, a treatment was included where the initial substrate was used without composting. Blonde peat served as casing layer for the soil species, and they were placed in a production chamber at 20°C, photoperiod, 85-90% relative humidity, and aeration. The harvested basidiomata were weighed and the biological efficiency (BE) was calculated. While the efficiencies of Pleurotus ostreatus and Macrocybe titans were not outstanding, those obtained with C. comatus ranged from 58.7% to 177.3%. P. ostreatus and M. titans produced basidiomata of smaller size than nature, but Coprinus comatus generated basidiomata of equal or larger size.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), with its intense sweetness, therapeutic properties, and safety profile, serves not only as a sugar substitute but also promotes holistic metabolic health. This study aimed to investigate secondary metabolite compounds in stevia, particularly diterpenoids, and their potential as alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors through molecular docking and dynamics simulations for antidiabetic therapy. The methodology included: extraction, maceration-sonification of stevia simplicia water extract; compound analysis, qualitative and quantitative profiling of stevia water extract via LC-MS; and in silico studies: molecular docking and dynamics simulations to evaluate diterpenoid interactions with alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes. Analysis identified 33 diterpenoid compounds, including, including ent-Kaurane diterpenoid steviol glycoside rebaudioside (34%); labdane diterpenoid (22%), tetracyclic diterpenoid (19%), ent-Kaurene diterpenoid stevioside (11%), diterpenoid glucoside (8%), and others (6%). Enzyme Inhibition, all 33 diterpenoids exhibited inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase. Binding Energy (MMGBSA): stevioside-alpha-glucosidase complex (∆G: -45.6658 ± 4.0256 kcal/mol) and rebaudioside-S-alpha-amylase complex (∆G: -3.1122 ± 4.3667 kcal/mol). The aqueous stevia extract contains 33 diterpenoids with dual inhibitory potential against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Molecular dynamics simulations highlighted stevioside as the most potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and rebaudioside-S as the optimal alpha-amylase inhibitor, underscoring their therapeutic relevance in diabetes management.

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Abstract This work reports a real-time PCR assay to specifically detect the presence of gluten in complex food matrices and to carry out an in-silico prospection of primers used in scientific research. The primers used were “tritprglut” and “Planta 18S” (reference gene), which had mean quantification cycle values (Cq) of 34.30 and 16.98, respectively. The real-time PCR protocol was validated in different meats (beef, chicken, pork, horse and lamb) with an average Cq of 25.69. Tests to verify fraud in industrialized foods were carried out with the following products: cereal bars, chocolate, crackers and two types of snacks. All foods complied with the information contained on the label, except for the cereal bar that was identified as “may contain gluten” and had a “high content” concentration (1,925 mg/kg). The LD value was 36 cycles and the LQ was 60 mg/kg, being within the “low content” classification range. The in-silico tests were performed using two software, MFE and NETprimer, and the content parameters GC, Tm (°C), ∆G (kcal/mol), dimer formation and hairpins. The “Wheat-w-Gliadin” primer showed the best average parameters: size= 24 bp; GC= 44%; Tm = 62.5 °C; ∆G= -32.25 kcal/mol; no dimer or hairpin formation; and a maximum primer rating (100). There were differences in results between the software used. The results highlight the potential of the real-time PCR technique in detecting gluten and/or allergens in foods with a complex matrix, such as chocolate and cereal bars tested in this study, proving to be sensitive and robust to detect the presence of potentially high gluten concentrations. harmful for celiac consumers.

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Abstract Heat treatment used in milk powder processing cannot always inactivate spore-forming microorganisms. Toxin deterioration and production by some species are significant concerns for the dairy industry, making the identification of these microorganisms essential for solving problems with the quality of the products. Given this scenario, this study sought to quantify and identify the predominant species in milk powder, aiming to know the isolated genetic varieties. Fourteen samples were analyzed for aerobic/anaerobic, mesophilic, and thermophilic bacterial spore presence, totaling 52 analyses. Spore contamination was verified in all samples analyzed, and the thermophilic spores had the highest contamination levels. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed 47 isolates: Weizmannia coagulans (21%), Anoxybacillus flavithermus (5.3%), Clostridium butyricum (5.3%), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (2.6%), Geobacillus stearothermophilus (2.6%), Clostridium pabulibutyricum (2.6%), Clostridium sporosphaeroides (2.6%), Bacillus licheniformis (2.6%), Bacillus sp. (34%), Geobacillus sp. (15.8%), and Clostridium sp. (5.3%). The results indicate the need to establish control measures to improve the hygiene and processing conditions of powdered milk, thereby ensuring product quality and consumer safety.

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Abstract Cassava starch (CS) possesses unique attributes such as mild flavor, bright white color, distinctive rheological behavior, and pasting properties, making it a key ingredient in diverse food applications. As the second-most demanded starch globally, CS is primarily produced in tropical and subtropical regions, with Brazil being a leading producer. A specific type of cassava starch, known as polvilho azedo in Brazil (almidón agrio in Colombia), is traditionally made using natural fermentation and sun drying. This culturally significant starch is essential for gluten-free bread production. This study analyzed eight commercial samples of polvilho azedo (PA) and one native CS sample to evaluate key characteristics, including color, acidity, organic acid content, pasting behavior, rheological and thermal properties, morphological structure, swelling, solubility, syneresis, and baking performance. Results revealed notable variability in product quality. Three of the eight samples were likely industrially processed, showing the lowest acidity (1.53 mL NaOH100g-1), organic acid content (607.1 mgkg-1), and b* values (1.84), alongside the highest L* values (>95.2). The lack of specific Brazilian regulations for PA has allowed chemically modified starches to be marketed as traditional PA, potentially misleading consumers and compromising product authenticity. This highlights the need for clear standards to protect the integrity of this unique product.

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Abstract The present study elucidates the effect of hot water treatment (HWT) on insecticide residue degradation in apple fruit while maintaining their optimum quality. Insecticide (chlorpyriphos, dimethoate, malathion and thiacloprid) residues were measured in apples by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem-mass spectrometry (TQ LC-MS/MS) after hot water treatment (48 °C, 50 °C, 52 °C and 54 °C each for 2, 3, 4 and 5 min) and during subsequent cold storage (2±1 °C at 90-95% RH) for 90 days. The method was validated for linearity, specificity, accuracy and precision using SANTE guidelines. Recovery of the insecticides was within the acceptable range (87.72 to 117.21%) with 4.00 to 8.52% relative standard deviation. Increasing HWT temperature and duration significantly reduced insecticide residues (ranging from 28% to 100%), with the lowest processing factors (PF values of 0.51 and 0.19 for 4 and 5 minutes) observed at 52 °C and 54 °C. The degradation of insecticides followed first-order kinetics, leading to complete dissipation of malathion and dimethoate during HWT, while chlorpyriphos and thiacloprid exhibited slower dissipation rates. In a nutshell HWT effectively reduced insecticide residues in apples while maintaining quality.

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Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of packaging material, storage methods, and duration on the functional properties of red pepper powder during a ten-month storage period. Samples were packed in Low-density, high-density, black low-density polyethylene, and aluminum pouches and kept at ambient and refrigerated conditions. A significant (p<0.001) interaction of effect of the three factors was observed for all parameters except for MC and PI. The percentage of TCC lost was 8.41%, 14.19%, 21.23%, and 30.68% in ALP, HDPE, LDPE, and BLDPE under refrigerated storage, and 10.91%, 17.65%, 25.01%, and 52.02%, respectively, in the same bags at ambient. The loss in Oleoresin content was 44.34%, 37.82%, 37.25%, and 20.77% at ambient, and 32.27%, 27.25%, 28.16%, and 13.42% under refrigeration in ALP, HDPE, BLDPE, and LDPE, respectively. The percentage of TAOC lost was 46.76%, 56.40%, 66.22%, and 61.52%, under refrigeration; and 57.29%, 67.45%, 68.50%, and 66.36%, respectively, at ambient storage, for ALP, HDPE, BLDPE, and LDPE. AlP maintained high qualities during the storage, due to the lower permeability of the AlP outer environment. Finally, further study on the safety and other nutritional qualities of the product is needed.

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Abstract Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is an annual plant that has strong pharmacological properties and high nutritional quality. In this study, the impacts of incorporating leaves, stems, whole plants, and seeds of purslane at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12% levels on the physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory quality of Turkish egg noodles were investigated. The increasing level of purslane parts from 0% to 12% decreased L* values of noodles. Among the purslane parts, purslane seeds showed the highest a* and the lowest SI values at a 12% usage level. The addition of stem, whole plant, and seed powders at a 12% level revealed similar water uptake and volume increase results in noodles to the control. Compared to the control, the inclusion of a 12% level of the aerial parts (leaves, stems, and whole plants) of purslane increased the cooking loss values of noodles. However, purslane seed powder showed similar cooking loss values in noodles to the control. Besides that, the noodles made from 12% stem powder had a greater cooking loss value than the other samples. The firmness values of noodles containing 12% leaf and stem powders were close to control. However, the use of seed powder at a 12% level resulted in the greatest firmness value in noodles. Noodles fortified with 12% of the aerial parts of purslane had a superior nutritional quality with higher ash, Ca, K, Mg, and total phenolic contents and lower carbohydrate and phytic acid levels and energy values than the control. Among the purslane parts, the inclusion of 12% seed powder showed the highest fat (48.3 g kg-1) and phytic acid (3.81 g kg-1) contents in noodles. Also, the energy value of noodles enriched with 12% seed powder was greater than noodles enriched with 12% aerial parts. Noodles containing 3 and 6% purslane powders showed comparable overall acceptability values to the control. The study showed that purslane parts (especially whole plants, up to 9%) can develop the nutritional quality of cereal-based foods such as noodles with acceptable cooking properties and sensory quality.

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HIGHLIGHTS Brewers’ spent grain is the main residue of the beer industry, being a source of phenolic compounds. The starch/polyvinyl alcohol films allow the controlled release of phenolic compounds. The concentration of brewers’ spent grain extract influences the characteristics of films. Films with brewers’ spent grain extract are biodegradable alternatives to cosmetic masks.

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Abstract The aim was to extract bioactive compounds from the husk and pulp of Dioscorea bulbifera L. by the combination of ultrasound and solid-liquid extraction techniques, as well as to evaluate the antioxidant potential. The extraction at 80 °C for 60 minutes showed the highest content of total phenolic compounds (TPC), 715.53 ± 8.00 mg EAG 100 g-1, for the husk, while the extraction at 70°C for 45 minutes showed 235.50 ± 25.30 mg EAG 100 g-1, for the pulp. The husk and pulp extracts showed flavonoid content of 363.63 ± 8.92 and 102.44 ± 1.51 mg EC 100 g-1, respectively. The antioxidant potential was evaluated according to the FRAP assay (125.09 ± 8.52 and 32.76 ± 0.65 µM ferrous sulfate g-1), the removal of H2O2 (29% and 41%), the ABTS radical assay (66.88 ± 0.93 and 14.93 ± 0.31 µM Trolox g-1) and the β-carotene/linoleic acid system, (84% and 47%) for husk and pulp, respectively. The bioaccessibility was obtained around 25% (pulp) and 16% (husk) accessible for absorption in the intestine. The combination of ultrasound and solid-liquid extraction methods proved to be effective in extracting bioactive compounds, with possible applications in the food industry.

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Abstract Films developed based on biopolymers that biodegrade in a considerably short period, has a great potential in replacing synthetic packaging in several applications. The present study aimed at the elaboration and characterization of edible films produced from yam flour and curcumin. Four formulations of film-forming solutions were studied, namely: 4% yam flour (F1), 5% yam flour (F2), 4% yam flour added with curcumin (0.02%) (F3) and 5% yam flour added with curcumin (0.02%) (F4). The yam flour formed edible films with good characteristics of continuity, uniformity, and color. The addition of curcumin in the films resulted in an increase in the content of total polyphenols and in the antioxidant capacity, promoting an improvement in the miscibility of the components of these formulations, with greater homogeneity in the arrangement of the filmogenic matrix. The developed films have the potential for partial replacement of synthetic packaging.

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Abstract Sugar apples are climacteric fruits that had a rapid deterioration due to their high respiration rate and ethylene production, making the application of postharvest technologies essential for extending their shelf life. The objective of this study was to develop an edible coating using carrageenan (CR), beeswax nanoparticle (BW) and titanium dioxide (TD) to extend the shelf life of sugar apples, using ultraviolet (UV) light, to maintain their shelf life at 15 ± 1 °C and 80 ± 1% RH for 12 days. The addition of BW and TD in CR films allowed us to obtain good barrier properties in different concentrations. Based on the results obtained for the water vapor permeability (WVP) value, a concentration of 1.52% of TD and 27.3% of BW was chosen. Coated sugar apples with 1.52% of TD irradiated with UV light managing to delay respiration until day 5 and maintain physical-chemical qualities and visual appearance for nine days, concluding that the edible coating of CR and TD, in the presence of UV light, can extend the shelf life of sugar apples for nine days at 15 ± 1 °C and 80 ± 1% RH.

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Abstract Mites are arachnids that can infest animals, plants, and stored foods, and in many cases act as vectors of diseases. These small acarids are naturally present in many sites, including cheese-ripening environments. When mycophagous, mites have fungi as their main food source and are therefore attracted to the fungi that develop on cheese surfaces during the ripening. Mites can impart a desirable sensory quality to cheeses, and although arthropod-associated microorganisms play a significant role in host fitness, protecting them from pathogens, little is known about the relationship between the microbiota of mites and cheese. Using metataxonomic analysis, this study aimed at ripening cheeses with autochthonous mites for six months to compare the microbiota of mites with the cheese (rind and core) microbiota. Although mites are seemingly carriers of food pathogens, the results obtained show that Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia contaminans and Lactobacillus delbrueckii were the bacterial species shared among the intestinal samples of mites, the cheese rind, and the cheese inner. Streptococcus salivarius was the bacterial species shared among the intestinal samples of mites and cheese rind. No potential food pathogens were identified in the mite microbiota interacting with the cheese microbiota. This is the first report of a comparative metataxonomic study of the microbiota of mites and cheese. However, further exploratory analysis may contribute to the findings in demonstrating that mites have the potential to improve the sensory attributes of cheeses without harmful effects.

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Abstract This study investigates the thermal inactivation kinetics of pectin methylesterase (PME) in mango pulp and nectar (Palmer variety), using conventional and microwave heating. The aim was to provide practical processing parameters and examine potential non-thermal effects associated with microwave treatment. To ensure a proper comparison between heating technologies, similar temperature histories were obtained in paired experiments (conventional hot water bath vs. microwave reactor), with homogeneous sample temperature and full temperature history recorded (heating, holding, cooling). Samples (10 mL) were processed with temperatures between 50 to 80 °C and holding times between 2 and 101 s. A two-component first-order kinetic model with five parameters was adjusted (simultaneously solving the numerical integration of the temperature histories). For a reference temperature of 65 °C the D-values obtained were 4.964·10-2 s and 92.57 s (conventional) and 2.691·10-3 s and 79.82 s (microwave), with 55% of the initial acidity due to the thermolabile fraction. Predicted inactivation curves show that this thermolabile fraction is rapidly inactivated at 65 °C, while 1-2 min are required to bring the residual activity from the thermostable fraction down to 5%. PME showed to be more resistant in the mango pulp, requiring nearly 2 min to reach 10% at 75 °C. The comparison between conventional and microwave heating indicated the presence of non-thermal microwave effects at 55 and 60 °C; however, thermal effects dominate at practical processing temperatures, with no significant difference.

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Abstract Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops worldwide, and its flour quality is directly related to grain characteristics, which are influenced by genetics, environmental conditions, and geographical factors. Understanding the technological properties of wheat flour is essential for defining its suitability for different food applications. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and rheological parameters of wheat flours produced from varieties cultivated in Paraná State, Brazil. Wheat samples were collected from three municipalities (Arapoti, Paulo Frontin, and Ponta Grossa), and physical properties of the grains (test weight and thousand kernel weight) were determined. Flours were produced using a laboratory mill (Chopin CD-1) to simulate industrial processing. Analyses included moisture, ash, protein, gluten content, granulometry, damaged starch, color, and rheological properties (alveography, farinography, pasting properties, falling number, and stirring number). Significant differences were observed among the flours for most evaluated parameters. Under the same milling conditions, the samples resulted in different flour types, which could be classified as type I, type II, and whole flour, according to Brazilian legislation. The varieties ‘Audaz’, ‘Calibri’, and ‘Feroz’, cultivated in Arapoti, exhibited superior rheological properties, especially for breadmaking purposes. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the quality profile of wheat flours from different varieties and highlight the influence of environmental conditions on technological performance. This knowledge can support both producers and the milling industry in improving wheat flour classification and optimizing its commercial value.

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Abstract Vegetable oils are widely used in human food and are carriers of fat-soluble vitamins. In this study, we evaluated the impact of adding basil essential oil on the quality of soybean and olive oils. To this end, we added 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg g-1 of basil essential oil to degummed soybean oil and extra virgin olive oil. We also formulated soybean and olive oil samples with butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) (0.2 mg g-1) and those without antioxidants. All samples were subjected to accelerated aging at a temperature of 40 °C, and several qualitative parameters of soybean oil and olive oil were evaluated at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. The addition of basil essential oil inhibited the increase in acidity of soybean oil during accelerated aging; however, it did not help to prevent the oxidation of olive oil. After 60 days of aging, stands out reductions of 29.50% and 18.50%, respectively, in soy oil and olive oil with 1.5 mg g-1 of essential oil. The addition of basil essential oil showed promising applications in soybean oil.

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Abstract Glioma brain tumors have similar textural patterns to other tumors, making their detection and segmentation a challenging process. The approach of the Modified Tumor Detection System (MTDS) is presented in this study to identify and categorize brain images of gliomas from images of healthy brains. The Spatial Gabor Transform (SGT), feature calculations, and deep learning structure comprise the training work flow of the suggested MTDS technique. The features are computed from the glioma brain image dataset images and the normal brain image dataset images and these features are fed into the classification architecture. In this paper, the proposed IVGG architecture is derived from the existing Visual Geometry Group (VGG) architecture to improve the detection rate of the proposed system and to decrease the computational time complexity. The testing work flow of the proposed system is also consist of SGT, feature computation and the IVGG architecture to produce the classification result of the source brain images into either normal or glioma. Furthermore, the Morphological Segmentation technique has been used to find the tumor locations in this glioma image. Two separate brain imaging datasets have been used in this study to evaluate and validate the suggested MTDS's performance efficiency. BRATS Imaging 2020 (BI20) and Kaggle Brain Imaging (KBI) are the datasets. Analysis of the performance efficiency has been done in relation to the Jaccard index, recall, precision, and detection rate.

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Abstract To ensure the quality of the energy in distribution networks, configurations of voltage regulators (VRs) and Shunt Capacitor Banks (BCshunts) are traditionally used along the feeders. Series Capacitors Bank (BCseries) along the feeders can also help to improve the power quality. In this paper, a strategy is proposed based on a mathematical formulation for an optimization problem where the aim is to allocate and size BCshunts and VRs (as traditionally implemented in the electricity sector) together with BCseries in distribution networks. These devices are allocated using Genetic Algorithm together with Multiperiod Optimal Power Flow. Using the proposed strategy, it is analyzed the network performance by studying: (i) the allocation of VRs and BCshunts simultaneously, and (ii) the allocation of VRs, BCshunts and BCseries simultaneously. The objective function is based on the minimization of active power loss costs, penalties for voltage violations, and equipment costs. Results are presented for a 90-bus radial distribution system which show that the use of BCseries is suitable for feeders with abrupt load variations, and that this approach competes positively with the simultaneous allocation of VR and BCshunt devices, with shorter investment amortization times and improved quality indices.

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Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, affects approximately 10 million individuals worldwide. The disease is characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms, and clinical aspects are pivotal for diagnosis. Vocal abnormalities can be identified in about 90% of PD patients in the early stages of the condition. Machine Learning (ML), a prominent subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI), holds significant promise in the medical domain, particularly for early disease detection, enabling effective preventive measures and treatments. In this paper, we considered the unique characteristics of each ML algorithm. Seventeen ML algorithms were applied to a dataset of voice recordings from Healthy Control and PD individuals, sourced from a publicly available repository. We leveraged the PyCaret Python library's ML algorithms and functions, which were introduced in this article, to demonstrate their simplicity and effectiveness in dealing with real-world data. Among these algorithms, Extra Trees Classifier (ETC), Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC), and K Neighbors Classifier (KNN) exhibited the best performance for the given dataset. Furthermore, to enhance the models' performance, we employed various techniques, including Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) to address class imbalance, feature selection based on correlation, and hyperparameter tuning. Our findings highlight the potential of the PyCaret ML library demonstrated in this article as a valuable tool for applying ML to the classification of Parkinson's disease through voice analysis. The application of ML in this context can greatly support clinical decision-making, leading to more informed and precise interventions.

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Abstract A new method is proposed for the intelligent down-sampling of digital curves that provides efficient compression. The proposed down-sampling is non-uniform and is based on the spatial distribution of points on the digital curve (line diagram). The down-sampled points form a polyline or polygon which is an approximate representation of the input digital curve. The down-sampled points are determined using an optimization solver, such that the differential area between the original digital curve and the optimally generated down-sampled polyline or polygon, is minimal. The mean percentage execution time saved by our proposed method, compared to its nearest competitor, is found to be about 18%.

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Abstract Energy losses in transmission lines can be aggravated by contact deterioration and corrosion, posing significant challenges to the reliability of energy distribution. Those conditions can be quickly identified using thermography, a popular non-invasive inspection method mandatory in many countries, with a minimum frequency determined by legislation. While recent advancements have focused on automating this process using artificial intelligence, working directly on the infrared domain remains a challenging task; not only assembling an infrared dataset requires specialists to properly annotate the images, making the task harder and more expensive, mainstream object detectors, made for the visible light domain, require modifications to work correctly on the infrared domain. Our proposed method allows using an object detector with results comparable to other works that performed detection directly on the infrared domain while requiring no significant changes to the model architecture. By employing stereo cameras, capable of collecting both the visible light spectrum and infrared, we can perform the detection on the visible light images and then transfer the box coordinates to the paired infrared image after rectifying the image pair to match.

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Abstract Calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp) is widely used in medical and aesthetic fields for bone repair and dermal applications. Luteolin (LUT), a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, may enhance the therapeutic potential of HAp for collagen production into the skin. The main aim of this paper was to develop and validate a simple and reliable RP-HPLC/DAD method for quantifying LUT in HAp nanocomposites. The synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HAp) was performed via precipitation method. To obtain the novel nanocomposites, n-HAp was associated with LUT by the wet method using ethanol into a SpeedMixer®, followed by drying into an oven at 35ºC for 48 hours. The RP-HPLC/DAD method was developed for quantifying the LUT incorporation efficiency. The validation parameters assessed included selectivity, linearity, limits of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD), precision, accuracy, robustness, and sample stability. The novel nanocomposites n-Hap-LUT were successfully prepared using the proposed method. The incorporation efficiency demonstrated high values of 82.90% and 95.16% for nHAp-LUT samples. Thus, the RP-HPLC/DAD method was appropriate for quantifying LUT in novel dermal aesthetic products for collagen production and may be further used for design and quality control of novel collagen biostimulation technologies.

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Abstract Monitoring soil moisture is an essential aspect of comprehending the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the cost of commercial sensors often challenges their acquisition. In response to this issue, manufacturers have developed several low-cost soil moisture sensors in recent decades, but there is still a need to improve the evaluation of their precision and accuracy. This article assesses the precision and accuracy of a low-cost soil moisture sensor SEN0193. The assessment results highlight the consistent precision of SEN0193 and emphasize the homogeneity of responses among sensors of the same model. The study also underscores the significant impact of soil granulometry on sensor precision, emphasizing the importance of realizing site-specific calibrations. In terms of accuracy, the study reveals that the calibration recommended by the manufacturer tends to overestimate moisture, particularly in soils with smaller granulometry. The study suggests that soil-specific calibration methods utilizing linear equations are more reliable and effective than polynomial and exponential approaches, especially when employing three to five calibration points. This study offers an essential contribution to the advancement of accessible methods for soil moisture monitoring. These methods are crucial for efficiently monitoring soil moisture in agriculture and natural ecosystems.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Global warming caused by climate change causes some problems in agricultural production. One of these problems is the increase in various pest populations. This increase poses a serious threat to agricultural products and significantly negatively affects productivity and quality. Insecticides are commonly used to combat pests. However, most of the time, farmers' lack of knowledge in recognizing pests and understanding their effects results in incorrect and excessive spray applications. While excessive use of insecticides harms human health and environmental pollution, it also increases production costs, causes changes in the genetic structures of pests, causing them to become more resistant, and makes agricultural control difficult. Therefore, early detection of pests and their damage to the plant is extremely important. This study aims to develop an accurate and efficient method to detect damage caused by the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta, on tomato leaves. A dataset comprising healthy and damaged tomato leaves was created. Using a hybrid approach, features were extracted through Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with transfer learning and classified using traditional machine learning techniques. Among the methods evaluated, SVM-Linear achieved the highest accuracy with 97.83%, outperforming other classifiers such as Random Forest with 96.14%, Rotation Forest with 95.89%, and SVM-RBF with 90.70%. These results highlight the potential of combining deep learning-based feature extraction with conventional machine learning for early pest detection. This approach offers a practical solution to reduce the misuse of insecticides and improve pest management strategies, contributing to sustainable agriculture.

Abstract in English:

HIGHLIGHTS The National Electric Energy Agency launches Call No. 22 for Electric Mobility Projects. Development of an electric truck to perform maintenance in electricity distribution networks. Development of a route planning model for electric trucks. Results of the methodology application in two scenarios.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Linearity and efficiency are simultaneously two important aspects for designing a power amplifier (PA) dedicated to 5G millimeter-wave applications. However, a PA suffers a trade-off between these two aspects. The maximum efficiency of this circuit happens in a non-linear region, which is not suited for mobile transmission applications. Besides, even when operating at the linear region, the circuit may not be able to fully comply with digital metrics standards which ensure a good quality for mobile transmission applications. To enhance efficiency in back-off regions from the PA non-linear region, Doherty topology is a good preference. To comply with digital metrics standards, enhancement of PA linearity through digital pre-distortion (DPD) is possible. This work presents the design of a Doherty PA at a central frequency of 26 GHz and focuses on showing a methodology for linearization with DPD using an iteration between SpectreRF and MATLAB. The PA is designed in a 45 nm node using a commercial CMOS process. DPD is applied using a memory polynomial model with an indirect learning structure to enhance its accuracy. For continuous-wave signals, the Doherty PA achieves a saturation power of 22.2 dBm, a peak PAE of 23.76% and 12.6% in 6 dB back-off region. DPD is applied to comply with error vector magnitude (EVM) standards for a 5G NR modulated signal. The DPD technique improves the linearity of the PA as it can be seen by the improvement in the measured EVM by 20/3 dB and in adjacent-channel-power-ratio (ACPR) by 18.36/4.28 dB for a 5G NR 256 QAM signal with 50/100 MHz bandwidth.

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HIGHLIGHTS Allocation of the spinning reserve in a hydro-thermal-wind system. Linear multi-period, multi-contingency and interval optimal power flow is used. A high-voltage hydro-thermal-wind system with 291 buses is used to test the model.

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HIGHLIGHTS Introduces a FFMLNN and fuzzy logic control scheme for a 7-level 5-switch converter-based UPQC. Demonstrates substantial reductions in source current THD compared to conventional controllers. Shows superior performance of the proposed scheme under non-linear load and polluted power supply.

Abstract in English:

HIGHLIGHTS Construction of a photobioreactor that allows establishing optimal conditions for microalgae growth. Mixotrophic growth with internal blue-LED light source at photobioreactor level. Effect of sodium nitrate concentration as substrate and photoperiod time on cell growth of C. vulgaris. Evaluation of antioxidant activity in C. vulgaris microalgae.

Abstract in English:

HIGHLIGHTS Replaced conventional converters with MMC for improved efficiency and low harmonic distortion in WECS. Applied MDHO and MAO-based FOPID controllers for MMC circulating current minimization. Utilized LSPWM and 3D-SVPWM techniques for capacitor voltage balancing, enhancing DFIM performance.

Abstract in English:

Abstract This study focuses on the development and characterization of gelatin-based membranes with varying concentrations of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as potential cost-effective skin substitutes for burn wound treatment. In lowand middle-income countries, where burn injuries pose a significant public health challenge, affordable solutions are crucial. Gelatin/PEG membranes were prepared with PEG concentrations ranging from 3% to 30%. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis demonstrated an interaction between gelatin and PEG, indicating cohesive integration through hydrogen bonding, while mechanical tests showed an initial enhancement in Young’s modulus up to a 10% PEG concentration, suggesting improved interaction. Swelling tests revealed that higher PEG concentrations led to increased swelling capacity and reduced mass loss. Scanning electron micrographs supported these findings, showing an irregular surface and the formation of PEG agglomerates, which contributed to improved mechanical resistance. These gelatin-PEG membranes offer a promising avenue for cost-effective skin substitutes, addressing the need for accessible solutions in burn wound care, especially in resource-constrained settings. Further research and clinical validation are essential to assess their efficacy and safety in practical applications, potentially revolutionizing burn wound treatment.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Antibacterial materials such as films and hydrogels have gained considerable interest in combating pathogenic bacteria by reducing bacterial populations. In this paper, we produced dextran-based hydrogels and incorporated them with the partial purified bromelain enzyme, which inhibits bacterial growth. The hydrogels were produced by cross-linking the dextran aldehyde derivative with ethylenediamine and bovine serum albumin (BSA) via Schiff base reaction using cryogelation technique. The incorporated bromelain enzyme was partially purified, exhibiting 9-fold increase in enzymatic activity and 18-fold increase in protein content compared to the crude extract. The produced hydrogels were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), swelling, and degradation studies. The hydrogels exhibited a swelling behavior of approximately 625% over 8 hours and a degradation behavior of 77.4% and 9.43% at pH 5 and pH 7 over 4 weeks, respectively. Release studies showed that approximately 10% of the initially loaded enzyme was released from the hydrogels after 8 hours. The results of MTT assay revealed that neither the free nor enzyme-loaded hydrogel displayed significant toxicity against L929 cells. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of enzyme-loaded hydrogels demonstrated a strong antibacterial effect against both S. aureus and E. coli compared to the bare hydrogel, indicating their potential for antibacterial applications. As a result, a multifunctional hydrogel with pH-dependent biodegradation, biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and enzyme release capability has been developed for potential biomedical applications.

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Abstract Medical image segmentation plays a vital role in diagnostic imaging, particularly for measuring brain tumor morphology in MRI scans, which directly influences treatment planning, prognosis, and radiological interpretation. However, traditional segmentation techniques often struggle with low contrast, bias-field distortion, and tumor regions that azimuthally encircle healthy tissue. To address these challenges, a Chimp Optimization Algorithm-based Type-2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy C-Means Clustering (COA-T2FCM) framework is proposed. This method integrates Type-2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy C-Means (T2IFCM) clustering with a novel oppositional perturbation mechanism that simultaneously optimizes partition centroids and the fuzzification exponent. The Chimp Optimization Algorithm (COA) efficiently explores the parameter hyperspace, enhancing convergence to the global minima. By employing intuitionistic set theory applied to MRI histograms, the approach adapts to electromagnetic interference, noise, and bias-field distortions, while capturing classificatory ambiguity and pixel classification hesitancy. These measures are embedded into MRI reformulated functional calculations to quantitatively account for intuitionistic noise. The COA-T2FCM framework was implemented in MATLAB and evaluated using publicly available datasets. Performance assessment employed global segmentation accuracy, true positive rate (sensitivity), and Dice similarity coefficient. Experimental results demonstrated a Dice coefficient of 0.95, accuracy of 96%, sensitivity of 98%, and specificity of 97%. Comparative analysis against classical fuzzy c-means (FCM) and centroid-based k-means clustering revealed that the proposed method consistently outperformed these conventional approaches across all metrics. The findings confirm that COA-T2FCM delivers superior segmentation accuracy, robustness, and adaptability for brain tumor MRI analysis, making it a promising tool for clinical applications requiring precise tumor delineation under challenging imaging conditions.

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Abstract A spectrophotometric method for determination of free Hg(II) ions in solutions of thimerosal and drinking water using AuNPs functionalized with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) is presented. The characterization of synthesized AuNPs was realized by UV/Vis spectra, SP-ICP-MS and TEM, with mean size of 21.2 ± 0.4 nm. The synthesized AuNPs were stable for about 65 days when protected from light and stored in polypropylene bottles under refrigeration at 4.0 ºC. Optimal conditions for colorimetric detection of Hg(II) were investigated, with the analytical wavelength being defined at 650 nm and ideal pH of the samples 7.0 ± 0.5. Over the concentration range 10 to 20 µmol L-1 detection of Hg(II) with the naked eye is possible due to the rapid color change of the medium from red to blue. However, for lower concentration ranges, between 0.5 to 5.0 µmol L-1, addition of 20 µL of 2.5 mol L-1 NaCl induces aggregation of nanoparticles, enhancing the detection limit to 0.1 µmol L-1. The selectivity of this approach was demonstrated in the presence of other metal ions. This fit-for-purpose sensor was successfully applied to the determination of free Hg(II) ions in thimerosal, a common preservative for vaccines, and has been adopted for use by Tecpar`s laboratory of the Parana Institute of Technology (Curitiba, Brazil).

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Abstract In compliance with ICH requirements, a new selective, precise, and accurate reverse-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic method for valsartan and sacubitril quantification was developed and validated. Eluents were detected at 284 nm. The HPLC method was designed utilizing a C18, (150mm × 4.6mm, 3.5μm) column with 1% Acetic acid in water: Methanol (45:55 v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. For valsartan and sacubitril, the calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 10 to 100 ng/mL (R2 = 1) and 20 to 140 ng/mL (R2 = 1), respectively. Valsartan and sacubitril were shown to have average retention times of 5.79 and 7.019 minutes, respectively. Valsartan and sacubitril had average percentage recoveries of 99.83± 0.14 and 100.06± 0.19 percent, respectively. Valsartan and sacubitril had respective LOD values of 0.0958 and 0.1059 ng/mL. The suggested method's intraand inter-day precision values (% RSD) were under 2%. For the simultaneous measurement of valsartan and sacubitril, a straightforward, exact, accurate, linear, and quick RP-HPLC technique was created and verified by ICH recommendations. The findings imply that the devised approach can be used for pharmaceutical formulation and routine bulk measurement of valsartan and sacubitril. The method’s applicability was confirmed through successful analysis of pharmaceutical formulations, indicating its potential utility for routine quality control and stability testing of Sacubitril and Valsartan in combined dosage forms. The choice of gradient elution, despite its complexity, was justified by the need for improved separation and resolution, which are critical for the accurate determination of these therapeutic agents.

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Abstract This research developed a tool based on the TRL (Technology Readiness Level) metric to characterize the levels of scientific and technological maturity of fish products. The study was based on a descriptive and exploratory research, using a case study and data collection through the application of questionnaires containing semi-structured questions and analysis of examples of referenced material. A TRL calculator model was proposed, adapted to the food segment with emphasis on fish technology. The tool was applied in five projects in the area of fish technology and the results were evaluated through the application of four methodological proposals. The results indicated that the best model for the use of the tool in the food context in fish technology was the proposal developed in this work, efficiently demonstrating the degree of maturity of the projects evaluated.

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Abstract Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by thread-like nematode worms known as filarial worms. This disease is transmitted to humans through bites of infected mosquitoes. Filariasis is a significant public health concern in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, particularly in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific islands. It causes the clinical disease namely Lymphatic Filariasis that primarily affects the lymphatic system and leads to lymphedema, elephantiasis, and recurrent fever. A global initiative to eradicate lymphatic filariasis as an international health problem has been launched by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this work, the acquired microscopic blood smear images were preprocessed and converted into grayscale images. Further, the images are subjected to morphological operations such as skeletonization, thinning and Euclidean distance transform (EDM) to extract the filarial worms from blood smear images. It is found that the similarity indices between the ground truth and the images segmented using our proposed method were high with an average Dice, Jaccard and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) of 97.56%, 97.11% and 98.21% respectively. It is observed that the proposed framework accurately segments the worm without losing its proximal and distal portions, despite the presence of artifacts, and variation in shape and size of the worms due to folding or coiling. The automated segmentation of filarial worms is highly desirable for mass screening of lymphatic filariasis, particularly during the pre-elimination phase and in low-endemic situations.

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Abstract Wireless Large scale Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), composed of numerous sensors pivots the significant applications like smart city, environmental monitoring, industrial automation etc. The energy efficient routing protocols of the normal WSN experiences a major setback in terms of scalability, energy efficiency, routing overhead, data transmission, and fault tolerance. The increase in number of nodes significantly enhances the communication overhead and energy consumption. Moreover, the large scale WSN relies on the multi-hop communication for the data transfer from distant node to the sink node, creating communication bottlenecks. To overcome these concerns, the proposed work introduces a novel scalable Neuro-Fuzzy Deep Reinforcement learning algorithm for the energy efficient routing process. This algorithm integrates the capabilities of the neuro-fuzzy systems with the decision making capability of the Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) model to optimize the energy consumption and to ensure the prolonged network lifespan. The neuro-fuzzy component in the proposed work leverages the fuzzy logic to handle the uncertainties in the large scale WSN, such as dynamic topology, and the variable link quality while the neural network enhances the learning adaptability. The proposed work is analyzed in terms of energy efficiency, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, throughput, end-to-end delay, scalability, and routing overhead to compare with the existing state of the art routing methodologies.

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HIGHLIGHTS Challenges faced in project and construction management in the energy sector. Data Analytics and Business Intelligence to support the management process. Improvements in decision-making, efficiency and reliability in construction management.

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Abstract The classification of dry bean varieties is vital for agricultural productivity and food quality control. However, the inherent class imbalance in datasets poses challenges for machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models. This study evaluates the performance of three DL models-Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and One-Dimensional Convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM1D)-in classifying 13,611 samples of seven dry bean varieties from the publicly available Dry Bean Dataset. The ConvLSTM1D model’s novelty lies in its hybrid architecture, which integrates 1D convolutional layers to extract complex local patterns from the morphological features before recurrent processing. This structural advantage allows it to create more discriminative feature representations, effectively addressing the class imbalance by better identifying minority classes without explicit resampling techniques. Experimental results show that ConvLSTM1D achieves the highest performance, with an accuracy of 93.78% and macro-averaged precision, recall, and F1-scores of 93.65%, 93.78%, and 93.70%, respectively. This model also demonstrates a significant reduction in misclassifications and maintains robust performance despite dataset imbalance. In contrast, LSTM and GRU models exhibit comparable but slightly lower classification accuracy and are less effective in differentiating visually similar bean types. This research highlights the potential of ConvLSTM1D as a reliable and accurate method for automated dry bean classification, contributing to improved efficiency and precision in agricultural practices.

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Abstract Curcuminoids (CURs) are frequently co-administered with piperine (PIP) to enhance their pharmacological potential. Curcumin (CUR), the principal phenolic compound in the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), has limited oral bioavailability, while PIP can act as a bioenhancer. In this context, reliable simultaneous quantification of CURs-PIP is essential for routine quality control in herbal medicine industry. This study aimed to develop and validate a simple, precise, and robust RP-HPLC/DAD method for the simultaneous determination of CURs and PIP in spray-dried microparticles. Microparticles were produced by spray-drying using Eudragit® S100, and the analytical method was validated according to ICH Q2(R1) and ANVISA RDC 166/2017. Specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and encapsulation efficiency were assessed. Linearity was demonstrated within 200-500 μg·mL⁻1 (CURs expressed as curcumin, CUReq) and 8-20 μg·mL⁻1 (PIP) with r>0.996. Recoveries were ~100% (100.18% for CUReq; 99.56% for PIP) with CV<5%. Encapsulation efficiency was ≥99% for both analytes. The method proved accurate, precise, robust, and suitable for routine quality control of microparticulate formulations containing both CURs and PIP.

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Abstract Knowledge and understanding of the dielectric properties of food and biological materials are of great relevance for the research and development of new methods of characterization, quality assessment and process monitoring of these materials using non-destructive techniques. This study developed an easily available instrumentation set-up which was used for dielectric characterization of gelatin films. The effect of frequency, moisture content and plasticizer type (glycerol or sorbitol) on their dielectric characteristic (ɛ´) was evaluated. The films were produced by casting. The circuit used consisted of a very simple astable oscillator with operation based on the operational amplifier (741) switched by the load of a parallel plate capacitor whose dielectric was the film under study. From the values of oscillation frequency and capacitor geometry, it was possible to calculate the capacitance and obtain the dielectric characteristics using basic relations. Such an instrumentation proposal was able to accurately measure the dielectric constant of gelatin films in the frequency range 5-50 kHz. The results demonstrated a decrease of ɛ´ with increasing frequency. Such influence on dielectric characteristic of the films (∆ɛ´/∆f ≈ 22%) is stronger at low frequencies. The analysis of influence of plasticizers on the films dielectric characteristics showed that the sorbitol results in higher values for the permittivity when compared with the use of glycerol as a thickener. In this frequency range, effect of moisture on ɛr´ was observed on films with sorbitol only, below 20 kHz.

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Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic, liposoluble compounds generated by incomplete combustion and commonly found in the environment, causing damage to both ecosystems and humans. Bioremediation is a biological process that removes contaminants from the environment, thereby reducing these damages. This study aimed to perform in silico analyses to investigate the effectiveness of the enzyme Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in degrading certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are absorbed by and harmful to the human body. The objective was to evaluate the biodegradation potential of PAHs by Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, an enzyme involved in the PAH degradation pathway, to obtain data on its activity when isolated from the bacterial microenvironment. A three-dimensional structural model of Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase was obtained through molecular modeling, and this model was evaluated by molecular docking to assess its interaction with several PAHs: naphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene. The enzyme formed complexes with all tested PAHs, with pyrene, a highly carcinogenic compound in humans, showing the highest affinity for the enzyme from P. aeruginosa. These findings suggest that the enzyme exhibits activity outside the bacterial microenvironment; however, its potential for in situ application requires further in vitro studies.

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Abstract In the present study, a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach is being explored to remove the harmful dye Congo red from synthetic wastewater, using an equatorial strain of Rhodococcus biphenylivorans. The immobilized cells’ Congo red-decolorizing activity in calcium alginate showed an increase of 217% compared to the free cells. By improving the alginate concentration to 4% (w/v), the bead diameter to 3 mm and using 50 beads, a 67% decrease in the time required for complete decolorization was accomplished. Both free and immobilized cells followed first-order kinetics for the elimination of Congo red, with immobilized cells displaying a decolorization rate 3.2 times greater than that of free cells, resulting in an 84% reduction in half-life. The immobilized cells displayed the capability to remove 0.10 g/L Congo red without any significant decline in their efficiency for up to twelve cycles, offering an economic advantage due to their reusability. Examining the decolorized products of Congo red showed no hindrance in the germination of Triticum aestivum and Vigna radiata, indicating the effective removal of all toxic components from the original dye via the biological method. Therefore, this strain has significant potential as a biological agent to eliminate wastewater contaminated with Congo red efficiently.

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Abstract Mapping of shipping underwater noise purposed for environmental impact assessments and to forecast noise effects on aquatic life incorporate source spectral models. These models published in scientific literature updated regularly, although these may have limitations and may depend on the variables stored in the ship’s automated identification system data, tied to specific locations i.e., ship speeds and their lengths. Regarding these limitations, it is crucial to assess the possibility of model application in the research area. In this paper the results of evaluation of four different noise models in the shallow Lithuanian marine harbor presented. The results acquired using “ECHO-JOMOPANS” model and the updated “Research Ambient Directionality Model” revealed good correlation with measurement results, although these two models have a different dependency on the ships parameters. The benchmarked “ECHO-JOMOPANS” model incorporates the reference spectrum, having the dependency on the sound frequency, ship’s speed, its length and ships database related reference speeds and ships lengths. In contrast, an updated “Research Ambient Directionality Model” is a modification of an original model, having the dependency only on the sound frequency, ship’s speed, and length.

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HIGHLIGHTS Despite the EU efforts many rural regions continue to drink contaminated groundwater. Five wells underwent assessment for water quality parameters across four seasons. Hydrochemical analyses indicate sewage and fertilization as main pollution sources. PCA shows positive NH4+ and microbiological relation during summer-autumn season.

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HIGHLIGHTS Critical gas type in metal removal. Time does not affect treatment efficacy.

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HIGHLIGHTS Innovative formula for artisanal vegan soap production. Artisanal vegan soup presented adequate properties. No microbiological contamination was observed. The product fits the standard limits of ANVISA.

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HIGHLIGHTS The carbon footprint (CF) of large beef cattle farms was determined using LCA. Higher farm productivity was related to greater use of fossil fuels and electricity. Average daily gain was the variable that most influenced the carbon footprint. Two farm clusters were identified that differed greatly in carbon footprint.

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Abstract The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus resulted in a significant increase in the consumption of drugs aimed at preventing and treating the disease, such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), ivermectin (IVM) and azithromycin (AZM). As a consequence, the presence of these pharmaceuticals increased in natural aquatic environments, posing risks to non-target organisms. In this study we aimed to determine the toxic effects of these drugs (72 h), at environmentally realistic concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 µg.L-1), isolated or mixed, on the microalgae Desmodesmus subspicatus. The effective concentration capable to inhibit microalgae growth by 50% (EC50), final biomass production, chlorophyll a and b content, the activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were determined. EC50 values were 510, >800 and 100 µg.L-1, for HCQ, IVM and AZM, respectively. The highest AZM and mixture concentration inhibited microalgae growth by 35.3 and 49.8%, respectively. HCQ caused an increase in CAT activity at concentrations of 5, 10 and 100 µg.L-1, the other treatments did not cause significant changes. The data show that HCQ alters microalgae metabolism and the EC50 results indicate that HCQ and AZM are harmful to microalgae.

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HIGHLIGHTS The performance analysis of a Solar Carport for almost 5 years; The comparison of BEV, PHEV, HEV and Combustion Engine car models; The Carport CO2 mitigated; Solar Power Energy and EVs are a good alternative to decarbonization;

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Abstract The fabrication and characterization are two areas where the microlenses have been widely studied. The integration of microlenses into microdevices was the main slingshot to achieve the fabrication of compact optical microsystems with reduced sizes, low-cost and on a reproducible way. The main driver of cost reduction was the use of standard microfabrication techniques found on the microlectronics industry. The actual interest of microlenses is the light gathering/projection and focusing for optimizing the light acquisition/production and thus, to improve the sensitivity/efficiency of optical microsystems either working as sensor or as source. In this context, this paper makes a review of microlenses for application in optical sensors. This review describes fabrication technologies, characteristics and applications of microlenses. This review also gives special emphasis on a case study of polymeric microlenses obtained by thermal reflow and at the same time, it also demonstrates the feasibility to augment light into photodiodes.

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HIGHLIGHTS Many Brazilian tropical mountains are biodiversity hotspots. There is a lack of ecohydrological knowledge about these environments. The ecohydrological approach is needed to protect Brazilian mountains.

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Abstract Fava-d’anta (Dimorphandra spp.) is a significant medicinal plant known for its rich array of bioactive compounds and traditional applications in healthcare, particularly in underprivileged communities with limited access to formal medical services. This study aims to explore the scientific output related to Fava-d’anta through a bibliometric analysis, highlighting trends and key contributions in the field. Using the Bibliometrix package in R, data were collected from Scopus and Web of Science, covering publications from 1969 to 2023.The analysis revealed a growing interest in this area of research, with a substantial number of citations and a wide range of covered topics, including phytochemistry, biology, and pharmacology. Most of the documents are original research articles, reflecting a strong focus on generating new empirical data. Moreover, the study emphasizes the collaborative nature of research in this field, with notable contributions from Brazilian institutions. This review underscores the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with scientific research to enhance the understanding and application of Dimorphandra species in public health.

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Abstract Even though population growth has slowed somewhat in recent years, the significant increase in human longevity poses a major challenge to food availability. For this, it is necessary to increase cultivated areas, which in many countries would mean using preservation areas or improving the productivity of areas already used for agriculture. To increase productivity without increasing environmental damage, many in the agricultural sector are adopting biological inputs as an alternative to chemical products. The production of a commercial bioinput, from its development to its approval for commercialization, includes numerous safety and effectiveness tests, which requires significant investment and time. Aiming to reduce the production costs of bioproducts, Brazilian rural producers are manufacturing their bioinputs “at home", i.e., the “on-farm” production. However, in several analyses of these bioinputs, contaminating microorganisms were identified, such as pathogenic bacteria, which, when increased in the cultures of “on-farm” products, can become a risk to human, animal, and environmental health. Although there is a legislative debate on this subject in Brazil, with the possibility of government inspection of production, there is still much to be clarified on this issue. Thus, this review article aims to alert the scientific community and government officials about the risks of this production practice, which could seem to be a solution for reducing costs in agriculture. However, without proper care, it can cause more significant problems, such as human, animal, and environmental contamination by handling pathogens not identified by the producer.

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ABSTRACT Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disease resulting from pancreatic insulin-producing cell destruction. Numerous studies have investigated the association between the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier 4 (SUMO4) gene and the risk of T1D development. However, these findings are not consistent, particularly in non-Asian populations. This scoping review aims to comprehensively assess the association between the SUMO4 gene and TD1 in individuals of non-Asian origin. A systematic search of electronic databases was performed, including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Scopus. Case-control studies and prospective cohorts that provided relevant information for the association analysis were included. 6,841 articles were initially identified through database searches. After removing duplicates, 3,835 articles remained for screening. Twenty-five studies underwent full-text analysis, with nine being included in the scoping review after 16 were excluded. These studies utilized various genotyping methods, including PCR-ARMS, SSCP, RFLP, and genotyping platforms such as ILMN and SQMN. While some studies reported the male/female ratio, others focused on family studies or diabetic probands. The research was predominantly conducted in North America, Europe, Oceania, and Argentina. Across these studies, no significant evidence linking SUMO4 SNPs to T1D was found, except for marginal associations or those dependent on high-risk HLA genotype positivity. No significant association was detected between the SUMO4 gene and T1D in non-asian individuals. This finding suggests that polymorphisms in this gene might not play a substantial role in susceptibility to T1D in the investigated population.

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Abstract Viruses are acellular, potential pathogenic agents causing infections, ranging from acute to chronic. A wide range of conventional immunization methodologies have been employed to control viral diseases. But, their ability to mutate or remain inactive in environment empowers their survival. Hence, novel particles capable of mimicking such viruses to immunize susceptible organisms and not cause harm is the need-of-the-hour. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are virus-derived entities containing only antigenic determinant portion of target virus with the ability to self-assemble, mimic form and size of target virus but lack genetic material. The lack of genetic material renders them incapable of infecting hosts thereby serving as safe and reliable way to combat infectious diseases. However, expression of viral proteins can occur in various expression systems. VLPs mount immune responses similar to original viruses by inducing either humoral or cell-mediated immune responses or both. Recent advancements in biomedical engineering technologies have led to approved commercial use of VLP-based vaccines against three infectious agents namely, Hepatitis B virus, Human Papillomavirus and Hepatitis E virus due to production of efficacious and enduring immune response. However, enhancement of immunogenicity of antigenic determinants displayed on VLP surface is the main objective behind use of VLP-based vaccines. An increasing attention towards VLP-based vaccines has led to development of mono-, diand multi-valent VLP particles capable of combating many viral infectious agents simultaneously. This review provides an insight on the importance, characteristics, development, and application of VLP-based vaccines to combat emerging diseases, and as nanoparticles to deliver drugs against cancer.

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Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the breast cancer subtype with the worst prognosis and highest malignancy. As an alternative treatment, immunotherapy has gained prominence in recent years for its use of components that modulate the patient's own immune system to combat cancer. Although approved therapies using monoclonal antibodies have shown limitations, a more promising alternative for TNBC is the use of immune cells, which have the ability to infiltrate solid tumors and remain in the tumor microenvironment long-term, promoting a localized and effective immune response. The present study proposed a systematic review of cellular immunotherapies currently under investigation for TNBC. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024591409). Studies were selected using the PRISMA strategy, and the risk of bias in in vivo studies was assessed with the SYRCLE tool. A total of six studies with in vitro and in vivo analyses were included. Among these, 50% evaluated CAR-T therapy (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells), 16.6% CAR-M therapy (Chimeric Antigen Receptor Macrophages), 16.6% dendritic cell vaccines, and 16.6% autologous CD4+ T lymphocytes stimulated ex vivo. The in vitro analyses focused on antitumor capacity, cell proliferation, cytokine production, apoptosis, and phagocytosis. For the in vivo analyses, tumor growth, survival, metastasis development, and cellular infiltration were evaluated. All therapies demonstrated promising effects; notably, immunotherapy with autologous CD4+ T lymphocytes achieved the greatest tumor reduction among the studied therapies. This review highlights the potential of immune cell-based therapies, particularly CD4+ T lymphocytes, emphasizing the need for further research and potential human testing.

Abstract in English:

HIGHLIGHTS Probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, paraprobiotics and postbiotics used in food production. Benefits of consuming foods with probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, paraprobiotics and postbiotics. Postbiotics and paraprobiotics indicate beneficial health effects that go beyond the mere presence of probiotic microorganisms.

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Abstract The Caatinga biome, known for its unique ecosystem and plant diversity, offers a rich source of botanical resources with anti-inflammatory properties. This review aims to analyze the plant species present in the Caatinga, focusing on their traditional applications, phytochemical composition, and mechanisms of action against inflammation. Additionally, it seeks to promote the conservation and sustainable use of this biodiversity, aiming for the development of herbal medicines, supplements, and pharmaceutical agents that can treat inflammation, aligning with global trends towards natural and holistic health approaches. The research consulted databases such as CAPES, PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct, and others, analyzing Brazilian publications from 2013 to 2023, using search terms like "anti-inflammatories," "Caatinga," and "natural products". The Fabaceae family stood out for having the most species with anti-inflammatory activity, with bark being the most commonly studied plant part. The findings could contribute to the development of new natural treatments for inflammation and emphasize the importance of preserving terrestrial ecosystems, which provide valuable resources for human health.

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Abstract There are innumerable types of plants, many of which have therapeutic applications. Traditional medicine frequently makes use of medicinal herbs. Accurate identification of medicinal plants would be highly advantageous to the forest service, life scientists, physicians, pharmaceutical companies, governments, the public, and the people who take drugs. Manual methods are quick and accurate for identifying plants, but only subject-matter specialists should use them. However, it does take some time. False positives are possible, and they could not only cause serious problems but also negative consequences. Deep learning techniques are rapidly being used to solve computer vision challenges. In this study, we suggested DeepCNNMed (RPNN + FCNN), an automated system for categorizing medicinal plants that will enable individuals to recognize valuable plant species fast. It is well known that feature extraction and classification are impacted by RPNN + FCNN. The RPNN + FCNN classifier was used to separate the exception properties and classify them, and the resulting DeepCNNMed model exhibits 97.2% accuracy with negligible losses on real-time images.

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Abstract Imbalanced feeding and reduced physical activity cause obesity and metabolic impairments. It was investigated whether an obese phenotype and alterations of glucose metabolism because of a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) in mice could be prevented by a protocol of high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT). Male Swiss mice were distributed in groups: CoS (n=24) control, sedentary and fed with standard rodent chow; ObS (n=20) obese, sedentary, and ObT (n=20) obese, trained, both fed with HCD. The training sessions (group ObT) were made on vertical ladder with 90% of the maximal load of each animal corrected weekly. After eight weeks, in vivo glucose monitoring tests, tissue and blood analyses (n=10 animals per group) and in situ liver perfusion (n=10-14 animals per group) were carried out. HCD significantly increased food ingestion and adiposity; caused liver lipid accumulation, high blood glucose and glucose intolerance; and diminished the liver output of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and nitrogen. Despite the markedly improved training performance of the ObT mice, adiposity or liver fat were not significantly changed, and HIIRT was only mildly successful as a preventive agent against the changes of glucose metabolism (restoring glucose output only with glycerol and lactate, and pyruvate output with alanine) and lipid profile (such as triglycerides, HDL, VLDL and TyG index), suggesting an insufficient energy expenditure of the designed protocol. These observations indicate that excess adiposity does not compromise high-intensity resistance training, but training format, modality, intensity and frequency are important determinants of exercise efficacy against obesity and metabolic impairments.

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Abstract The use of passive immunization could be a strategy for the control of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Our study proposes to produce anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from the immunization of horses, and purify F(ab’)2 fragment aiming to provide a therapy capable of acting in the treatment of infections, prevention, and control of COVID-19 outbreaks. To produce hyperimmune sera animals were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 inactivated viral particles added with Freund's or aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant. Antibodies level was determined by indirect ELISA using the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus. Independent of the adjuvant used, a specific antibody anti-SARS-CoV-2 were detected from the second inoculation up to 4 months. The presence of neutralizing antibodies was observed from the third dose and was maintained until day 110 of the experiment. The antibodies fragmentation process was able to produce F(ab’)2 fragments and maintained the antibody ability to recognize, bind and neutralize the antigen in vitro. To evaluate the safety and effect of antibodies in vivo, we transferred the equine F(ab’)2 antibodies to mice. Mice remained healthy and equine anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in sera. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies obtained are able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virus and are highlighted as a potential therapeutic option for the COVID-19 treatment.

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HIGHLIGHTS Glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) may act as endocrine disruptor. Here, at 50 mg/kg GBH exposure reduced islet pancreatic mass in ovariectomized mice. At 0.5 mg/kg, GBH exposure reduced islet and β-cell areas in SHAM female mice. GBH exposure at doses stated as safe can negatively impact endocrine pancreatic morphology.

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HIGHLIGHTS Using GEO and TCGA data to identify differentially expressed genes; Identification of 4 differentially expressed genes for oral cavity cancer; Identification of 12 differentially expressed genes for thyroid cancer.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Ischemia and reoxygenation (I/R) cause acute kidney injury with progression related to oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is involved in this process. Cymbopogon citratus, used in popular medicine, is a promising source of bioactive antioxidant compounds. This study investigated the cytoprotective effect of C. citratus essential oil (CCEO) in an I/R model, and the interaction of CCEO major components with the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway in silico. CCEO was characterized by GC-MS, presenting citral isomers trans-geranial (55.48%) and cis-neral (35.40%). I/R decreased LLC-MK2 kidney cells viability by around 50% (MTT assay); CCEO increased cell viability and decreased loss of membrane integrity (Flow cytometry with 7-AAD). CCEO decreased ROS and mitochondrial depolarization and reduced the release of KIM-1, a marker of tubular injury (ELISA). CCEO ameliorated ultrastructural (DCF and Rho123 staining) changes induced by I/R saw in scanning electron microscopy, such as volume retraction, formation of apoptotic bodies, and adhesion to extracellular matrix decrease. The interactions of citral isomers with Keap1 were made through molecular docking. Geranial and neral demonstrated a ∆G around -5.0 kcal/mol with Keap1, binding to some amino acids common to co-crystallized ligand. So, the cytoprotective effect in renal cells may be related to the interaction of citral (neral and geranial) with the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Quorum sensing (QS) is a microbial communication mechanism that can modulate the expression of specific genes related to virulence, biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, enzyme production, adaptability to adverse conditions, among others. Various QS systems have been described, including the QseB/QseC system. In Klebsiella aerogenes, a nosocomial pathogen, this system remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the qseB and qseC genes in the genome of a clinical isolate of K. aerogenes, as well as to characterize the functions and structures of the QseB and QseC proteins. We utilized a suite of bioinformatics tools to assess the physicochemical and structural properties of these proteins, predict signal peptide presence, secretion pathways, subcellular localization, antigenic sites, and functional roles. Additionally, we modeled the three-dimensional structures and determined the active sites of QseB and QseC. Our results confirm the presence of qseB and qseC genes in the K. aerogenes. In silico analyses revealed that both proteins are stable, hydrophilic, and exhibit similar instability indices. Neither protein contains signal peptides for secretion; QseB is localized in the cytoplasm, while QseC is situated in the cellular membrane. Both proteins possess antigenic determinants. Functionally, QseB acts as a DNA-binding response regulator, whereas QseC functions as a histidine kinase. Structural models validated exhibit high-quality predictions for both proteins. Active site analysis pinpointed crucial amino acid residues involved in the biochemical activities of both proteins. These data show that the isolate has a complete QseB/QseC system that recognizes AI-3 and catecholamines and may modulate genes essential to pathogenicity.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Liraglutide plays a crucial role in managing weight and regulating glucose levels, but it can have adverse effects, particularly on the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we assessed the impact of liraglutide on the viability, cell death, morphology, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, and migration of rat intestinal epithelial cells. There was no change in the viability of cells treated with liraglutide at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 μM, however, high concentrations of the drug reduced IEC- 6 cell viability. Additionally, the treatment with low doses of liraglutide decreased the rate of apoptosis of IEC-6 cells relative to the control. Also, the treated cells showed a modified actin cytoskeleton, with prominent stress fibers. Regarding cell migration, there was a decrease in the percentage of closure of the cell-free area over 24 h, relative to the untreated cells. This study revealed the direct effects of liraglutide on intestinal cells, including reduced apoptosis rates, actin cytoskeleton alterations, and inhibited cell migration.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that causes disfiguring skin damage. In a previous publication, we characterized a thermoresponsive medicine developed for the dermal release of the Copaifera reticulata Ducke. The medicine showed chemical and physical stability for two years, proven by validation studies. Furthermore, the topical medicine undergoes gelation when body-stimulated, which increases the time spent on the injured skin. The present study aims to complement the characterization of the developed medicine by showing the in vitro results against amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania infantum. The results showed a notable antiproliferative capacity, especially against L. infantum, due to the excellent selectivity of the copaiba oil by the protozoan. Furthermore, the drugs were more effective than pure copaiba oil, with lower IC50 values for the incorporated oils, since the IC50 of the incorporated oil and the free oil decreased more than fourfold (from 14.8 to 3.4 μg/mL for phytotherapeutic gel containing 8 % w/w copaiba oil resin - named PHY-8). These results, together with those recently published for these formulations, guarantee the medicine's potential as a leishmanicidal agent and make it a potential candidate for future in vivo studies.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Onychomycosis is the most common nail infection, it has been attributed to fungal biofilms, and its treatment success is uncertain yet, but some natural products seem promising for topical treatment. The use of natural residues can also contribute to environmental sustainability and serve as valuable sources of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of alcoholic propolis extract (PE) and a by-product extract (WPE) on monospecies mature fungal biofilms, and their permeation capacity in the human nail. The extracts were applied on seven-day biofilms produced by Fusarium oxysporum and Trichophyton rubrum, two important and antifungal resistant agents of onychomycosis. Photoacoustic spectroscopy evaluated the permeation of extracts across the nail fungal biofilms. Both extracts were able to significantly reduce the formed biofilms: WPE inhibited biofilms from both fungi at 137.50 μg/mL and PE was effective at 856.26 μg/mL (F. oxysporum) and 428.13 μg/mL (T. rubrum). Furthermore, both extracts showed a nail complete permeation, and WPE was the most efficient. Thus, our results confirm that these extracts would be safe and effective options for topical treatment for onychomycosis.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Osteosynthesis of multifragmentary proximal ulna (PU) fractures often requires a second surgery to remove the implant due to discomfort. This in silico study presents a novel implant, the Y-plate, aimed at improving soft tissue protection, reducing costs, and simplifying the surgical procedure. The methodology involved the creation of 3D digital models of the PU along with four plate and screw fixation systems (LCP, Synthes®, A+B, and the Y-plate). This was followed by a stability comparison between the systems through simulations using the finite element method (FEM). Relative displacements were evaluated under maximum loads at different elbow flexion angles (0°, 45°, and 90°), applying forces of 50 N, 100 N, and 500 N. As a result, all systems showed satisfactory stability, with displacements below 2 mm with the A+B plate fixation demonstrating the greatest displacement under the maximum load of 500 N in all positions. We concluded that the Y-plate represents a promising proof of concept, combining the advantages of lateral and posterior fixations in a single implant, better soft tissue protection, and potential cost reductions. Despite the limitations of the in silico study, our findings provide a robust basis for developing a physical prototype. This will be used in future in vitro and clinical validations, aiming to improve the treatment of multifragmentary PU fractures.

Abstract in English:

HIGHLIGHTS Combined exercise activates AMPK signaling more effectively than isolated exercises. AMPK pathway shows a marked rise in key molecules, especially GLUT4 and PGC1-α. Training volume, intensity, and frequency affect AMPK molecule expression levels.

Abstract in English:

HIGHLIGHTS Moderate aerobic exercise and HIIT alters oxidative stress biomarkers. Antioxidant enzymes increase by different exercise protocols. Exercise as a strategy for prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Pseudomonas is a large bacterial genus consisting of more than 300 species commonly found in the environment and isolated from soil, water, and plants. This species has a great affinity for grasses and can colonize the interior of their roots, which characterizes them as endophytic rhizobacteria. Endophytic microorganisms are beneficially associated with the host and exchange nutrients necessary for mutual growth and development. Endophytic Pseudomonas promote plant growth directly via the process of biological nitrogen fixation, solubilization of phosphate and other macro and micronutrients, and synthesis of siderophore and phytohormones, and indirectly by protecting against pathogens through the induction of systemic resistance or release of volatile and non-volatile metabolic compounds. Representatives of the genus Pseudomonas have been extensively studied for their associative characteristics. Products formulated with Pseudomonas are commercially available, of which 12 are registered in Brazil. However, some Pseudomonas species, although promising for agriculture, can be pathogenic,for example, P. putida and P. fluorescens can cause diseases in debilitated humans and P. syringae is pathogenic to plants. In this scenario, alternative molecular and biotechnological studies on the exclusive use of metabolites migth represent an alternative that deserves efforts for improvement. This article reviews the potential of Pseudomonas genus members to sustainably enhance agricultural yields and also highlights alternatives for the use of pathogenic species.