Organizational conditions
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Elements to be evaluated
|
Literature
|
1) Strategy |
The intelligence process should be part of the organization strategic planning |
Gilad and Gilad (1985)Gilad, B., & Gilad, T. (1985). A system approach to Business Intelligence. Business Horizons, 28(5), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(85)90070-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(85)900...
; Choo (2003)Choo, C. W. (2003). A organização do conhecimento: Como as organizações usam a informação para criar significado, construir conhecimento e tomar decisões. São Paulo, Brazil: Senac São Paulo.; Marchand and Hykes (2007)Marchand, D., & Hykes, A. (2007). Leveraging what your company really knows: A process view of strategic intelligence. In M. Xu (Ed.), Managing strategic intelligence: Techniques and technologies (pp. 1-13). Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.; Xu and Kaye (2009)Xu, M., & Kaye, R. (2009). The nature of strategic intelligence, current practice and solutions. Selected readings on strategic information systems. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.; Bartes (2013)Bartes, F. (2013). The process of implementing competitive intelligence in a company. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 61(4), 861-866. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361040861
https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361040...
; N. Lesca et al. (2015)Lesca, N., Caron-Fasan, M.-L., Aguirre, E. L., & Chalus-Sauvannet, M.-C. (2015). Drivers and barriers to pre-adoption of strategic scanning information systems in the context of sustainable supply chain. Systèmes d'Information & Management, 20(3), 9-46. https://doi.org/10.3917/sim.153.0009
https://doi.org/10.3917/sim.153.0009...
; Luzipo, Van Biljon and Herselman (2015)Luzipo, S., Van Biljon, J., & Herselman, M. (2015, May). Business process adoption in organizations: A case study from an insurance company in South Africa. Proceedings of the IST-Africa Conference, Lilongwe Malawi.; Janissek-Muniz (2016)Janissek-Muniz, R. (2016). Fatores críticos em projetos de inteligência estratégica antecipativa e coletiva. Revista Inteligência Competitiva, 6(2), 147-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.24883%2Fric.v6i2.159
http://dx.doi.org/10.24883%2Fric.v6i2.15...
; Jaharuddin, Dato'Mansor and Yaakob (2016)Jaharuddin, N. S., Dato’Mansor, Z., & Yaakob, S. (2016). Assessing the supply chain intelligence practices of small medium enterprises in Malaysia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 515-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)00064-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)00...
; Almeida et al. (2016)Almeida, F. C. de, Lesca, H., & Canton, A. W. P. (2016). Intrinsic motivation for knowledge sharing - Competitive intelligence process in a telecom company. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(6), 1282-1301. https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-02-2016-0083
https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-02-2016-0083...
; Almeida and Hirata (2016)Almeida, F. C. de, & Hirata, P. (2016). Entendendo e implantando um sistema de inteligência competitiva. Revista de Gestão, 23(2), 111-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rege.2014.12.001
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rege.2014.12.0...
. |
2) Culture |
Information-driven culture stimulates the innovation process, market differentiation and increase competitiveness. |
3) Planning |
The intelligence process must consider objectives, definitions and resources limitations. |
4) Support and commitment |
Support from top management, training, and user commitment are predictors of the intelligence process adoption. |
Gilad and Gilad (1985)Gilad, B., & Gilad, T. (1985). A system approach to Business Intelligence. Business Horizons, 28(5), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(85)90070-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(85)900...
; Choo (2003)Choo, C. W. (2003). A organização do conhecimento: Como as organizações usam a informação para criar significado, construir conhecimento e tomar decisões. São Paulo, Brazil: Senac São Paulo.; Marchand and Hykes (2007)Marchand, D., & Hykes, A. (2007). Leveraging what your company really knows: A process view of strategic intelligence. In M. Xu (Ed.), Managing strategic intelligence: Techniques and technologies (pp. 1-13). Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.; Xu and Kaye (2009)Xu, M., & Kaye, R. (2009). The nature of strategic intelligence, current practice and solutions. Selected readings on strategic information systems. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.; Bartes (2013)Bartes, F. (2013). The process of implementing competitive intelligence in a company. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 61(4), 861-866. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361040861
https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361040...
; N. Lesca et al. (2015)Lesca, N., Caron-Fasan, M.-L., Aguirre, E. L., & Chalus-Sauvannet, M.-C. (2015). Drivers and barriers to pre-adoption of strategic scanning information systems in the context of sustainable supply chain. Systèmes d'Information & Management, 20(3), 9-46. https://doi.org/10.3917/sim.153.0009
https://doi.org/10.3917/sim.153.0009...
; Luzipo, Van Biljon and Herselman (2015)Luzipo, S., Van Biljon, J., & Herselman, M. (2015, May). Business process adoption in organizations: A case study from an insurance company in South Africa. Proceedings of the IST-Africa Conference, Lilongwe Malawi.; Janissek-Muniz (2016)Janissek-Muniz, R. (2016). Fatores críticos em projetos de inteligência estratégica antecipativa e coletiva. Revista Inteligência Competitiva, 6(2), 147-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.24883%2Fric.v6i2.159
http://dx.doi.org/10.24883%2Fric.v6i2.15...
; Jaharuddin, Dato'Mansor and Yaakob (2016)Jaharuddin, N. S., Dato’Mansor, Z., & Yaakob, S. (2016). Assessing the supply chain intelligence practices of small medium enterprises in Malaysia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 515-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)00064-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)00...
; Almeida et al. (2016)Almeida, F. C. de, Lesca, H., & Canton, A. W. P. (2016). Intrinsic motivation for knowledge sharing - Competitive intelligence process in a telecom company. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(6), 1282-1301. https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-02-2016-0083
https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-02-2016-0083...
; Almeida and Hirata (2016)Almeida, F. C. de, & Hirata, P. (2016). Entendendo e implantando um sistema de inteligência competitiva. Revista de Gestão, 23(2), 111-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rege.2014.12.001
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rege.2014.12.0...
. |
5) Leadership |
The organization must legitimize a leader or a committee responsible for conducting the implementation of the intelligence process. |
Individual conditions
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Elements to be evaluated
|
Literature
|
1) Sharing |
The sharing of knowledge among people within the company should be a feature of the structured intelligence process to encourage diversity of interpretation and vision of the future. |
Gilad and Gilad (1985)Gilad, B., & Gilad, T. (1985). A system approach to Business Intelligence. Business Horizons, 28(5), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(85)90070-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(85)900...
; Choo (2003)Choo, C. W. (2003). A organização do conhecimento: Como as organizações usam a informação para criar significado, construir conhecimento e tomar decisões. São Paulo, Brazil: Senac São Paulo.; Marchand and Hykes (2007)Marchand, D., & Hykes, A. (2007). Leveraging what your company really knows: A process view of strategic intelligence. In M. Xu (Ed.), Managing strategic intelligence: Techniques and technologies (pp. 1-13). Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.; N. Lesca and Caron-Fasan (2008)Lesca, N., & Caron-Fasan, M.-L. (2008). Strategic scanning project failure and abandonment factors: Lessons learned. European Journal of Information Systems, 17(4), 371-386. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2008.21
https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2008.21...
; Xu and Kaye (2009)Xu, M., & Kaye, R. (2009). The nature of strategic intelligence, current practice and solutions. Selected readings on strategic information systems. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.; Jalaldeen, Karin and Mohamed (2009)Jalaldeen, R., Karin, N. S. A., & Mohamed, N. (2009). Organizational readiness and its contributing factors to adopt KM processes: A conceptual model. Communications of the IBIMA, 8, 128-136. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3bf1/631e88a645b578b373bab2e92bc2dd3449b6.pdf
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3bf1/63...
; Mayer (2012)Mayer, J. H. (2012, June). Powering up companies’ crystal balls: Analysis of a multi-case study towards more applicable environmental scanning systems. Proceedings of European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Barcelona, Spain, 20., Bartes (2013)Bartes, F. (2013). The process of implementing competitive intelligence in a company. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 61(4), 861-866. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361040861
https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361040...
; N. Lesca et al. (2015)Lesca, N., Caron-Fasan, M.-L., Aguirre, E. L., & Chalus-Sauvannet, M.-C. (2015). Drivers and barriers to pre-adoption of strategic scanning information systems in the context of sustainable supply chain. Systèmes d'Information & Management, 20(3), 9-46. https://doi.org/10.3917/sim.153.0009
https://doi.org/10.3917/sim.153.0009...
; Janissek-Muniz (2016)Janissek-Muniz, R. (2016). Fatores críticos em projetos de inteligência estratégica antecipativa e coletiva. Revista Inteligência Competitiva, 6(2), 147-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.24883%2Fric.v6i2.159
http://dx.doi.org/10.24883%2Fric.v6i2.15...
; Borges and Janissek-Muniz (2017)Borges, N. M., & Janissek-Muniz, R. (2017). The environmental scanning as an informal and individual practice in organizations. A view based on the Illusion of Control's Theory. Annales des Congrès de l'Institut Franco Brésilien d'Administration des Entreprises, Poitiers, France, 9.. |
2) Profile |
An adequate personal profile and specific skills are needed for the implementation and conduction of the intelligence process. |
3) Individual knowledge |
There must have personal willingness and commitment of managers and staff that justifies having the intelligence process, a positive attitude toward it, and the awareness that the process is relevant for the company. |
Informational Conditions
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Elements to be evaluated
|
Literature
|
1) Anticipation |
The need for intelligence processes can be related to the need for exploring the environment proactively, allowing the organization to address imminent dangers or possible opportunities. |
H. Lesca (2003)Lesca, H. (2003). Veille stratégique: La méthode LESCAnning®. Caen, France: Editions EMS Management et Société.; Janissek-Muniz (2004)Janissek-Muniz, R. (2004). Veille anticipative stratégique en PMI: Vers un nouvel usage des sites web pour provoquer des informations 'terrain' afin d’amorcer des innovations; concepts, instrumentation et validation (Thèse de doctorat). Sciences de Gestion, Université Pierre Mendès, Grenoble, France.; Marchand and Hykes (2007)Marchand, D., & Hykes, A. (2007). Leveraging what your company really knows: A process view of strategic intelligence. In M. Xu (Ed.), Managing strategic intelligence: Techniques and technologies (pp. 1-13). Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.; Brouard (2007)Brouard, F. (2007). Development of an expert system on environmental scanning practices in SME: Tools as a research program. Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 3(4), 37-58.; N. Lesca and Caron-Fasan (2008)Lesca, N., & Caron-Fasan, M.-L. (2008). Strategic scanning project failure and abandonment factors: Lessons learned. European Journal of Information Systems, 17(4), 371-386. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2008.21
https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2008.21...
; N. Lesca et al. (2015)Lesca, N., Caron-Fasan, M.-L., Aguirre, E. L., & Chalus-Sauvannet, M.-C. (2015). Drivers and barriers to pre-adoption of strategic scanning information systems in the context of sustainable supply chain. Systèmes d'Information & Management, 20(3), 9-46. https://doi.org/10.3917/sim.153.0009
https://doi.org/10.3917/sim.153.0009...
; Gilad (2016)Gilad, B. (2016, February). Developing competitive intelligence capability. Retrieved from https://www.imanet.org/insights-and-trends/technology-enablement/developing-competitive-intelligence-capability?ssopc=1
https://www.imanet.org/insights-and-tren...
; Janissek-Muniz (2016)Janissek-Muniz, R. (2016). Fatores críticos em projetos de inteligência estratégica antecipativa e coletiva. Revista Inteligência Competitiva, 6(2), 147-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.24883%2Fric.v6i2.159
http://dx.doi.org/10.24883%2Fric.v6i2.15...
; Soliman and Karia (2017)Soliman, M., & Karia, N. (2017). Antecedents for the success of the adoption of organizational ERP among higher education institutions and competitive advantage in Egypt. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 7(3), 1719-1724. Retrieved from https://www.etasr.com/index.php/ETASR/article/view/1113/507
https://www.etasr.com/index.php/ETASR/ar...
. |
2) Scanning |
The need for intelligence processes can be related to understanding the environment, solving a specific problem, or timely information for decision making. |
3) Dissemination |
Inadequate dissemination structure and planning can impoverish the circulation of intelligence products and reduce confidence in the process. |
4) Volume |
The information volume currently available is one of the most relevant issues about the need to implement intelligence processes. |
Technological and material conditions
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Elements to be evaluated
|
Literature
|
1) Infrastructure |
Technological solutions are relevant and can enhance the ability to appropriately manage information flows. |
Baumard (1997)Baumard, P. (1997). L'information stratégique dans la grande organisation. Systèmes d'Information et Management[French Journal of Management Information Systems], 2(2), 5-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9876/sim.v2i2.24
http://dx.doi.org/10.9876/sim.v2i2.24...
; Marchand et al. (2001)Marchand, D., Kettinger, W., & Rollins, J. (2001). Making the invisible visible: How companies win with the right information, people, and IT. London, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.; Belmondo (2008)Belmondo, C. (2008). Comprendre les pratiques des acteurs de l’intelligence économique: Une étude des micro-activités de représentation de l’environnement concurrentiel et d’organisation de la veille. Systèmes d’Information et Management, 13(3), 83-107. https://doi.org/10.3917/sim.083.0083
https://doi.org/10.3917/sim.083.0083...
; Calof and Wright (2008)Calof, J. L., & Wright, S. (2008). Competitive intelligence: A practitioner, academic and inter-disciplinary perspective. European Journal of Marketing, 42(7/8), 717-730. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560810877114
https://doi.org/10.1108/0309056081087711...
; Bartes (2013)Bartes, F. (2013). The process of implementing competitive intelligence in a company. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 61(4), 861-866. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361040861
https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361040...
; Rios and Janissek-Muniz (2014)Rios, F. L. de C., & Janissek-Muniz, R. (2014). Uma proposta de relação de requisitos funcionais para um software de apoio ao processo de inteligência. Revista Eletrônica da Administração, 20(2), 425-460. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-2311056201238165
https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-23110562012...
; N. Lesca et al. (2015)Lesca, N., Caron-Fasan, M.-L., Aguirre, E. L., & Chalus-Sauvannet, M.-C. (2015). Drivers and barriers to pre-adoption of strategic scanning information systems in the context of sustainable supply chain. Systèmes d'Information & Management, 20(3), 9-46. https://doi.org/10.3917/sim.153.0009
https://doi.org/10.3917/sim.153.0009...
; Janissek-Muniz (2016)Janissek-Muniz, R. (2016). Fatores críticos em projetos de inteligência estratégica antecipativa e coletiva. Revista Inteligência Competitiva, 6(2), 147-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.24883%2Fric.v6i2.159
http://dx.doi.org/10.24883%2Fric.v6i2.15...
. |
2) Time |
Strategic information should arrive at the appropriate time for decision-making. |