Contract |
Whether consumers signed up for a contract when they purchased the smartphone |
Dummy coded variable (yes or no) |
T1 — T6
|
0.022 |
Ownership time — T1
|
Number of months consumers owned their smartphone before exchanging |
Number of months before acquiring the last smartphone |
T1 — T6
|
0.104 |
Status quo meets current needs |
How much the smartphone meets consumers’ current needs |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 0–100) |
T1 — T6
|
0.386
|
Importance of resources |
Importance assigned by consumers to resources of the smartphone |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 1–7) |
T1 — T6
|
0.374
|
Update capacity |
Update capacity of the apps installed in consumers’ smartphone |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 1–7) |
T1 — T6
|
0.340
|
Enjoyment Variables
|
Description
|
Operationalization
|
Measurement Time (Rounds)
|
Correlation with Upgrade
|
Enjoyment |
How much consumers enjoy their smartphone |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 0–100) |
T1 — T6
|
0.316
|
Enjoyment — purchase time |
How much consumers enjoyed their smartphone in the day of purchasing |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 0–100) |
T1 — T6
|
0.370
|
Enjoyment — 1 month ago |
How much consumers enjoyed their smartphone one month ago |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 0–100) |
T1 — T6
|
0.206 |
Enjoyment — 1 month ahead |
How much consumers believe they will enjoy their smartphone in one month |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 0–100) |
T1 — T6
|
0.436
|
Enjoyment — 1 year ahead |
How much consumers believe they will enjoy their smartphone in one year |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 0–100) |
T1 — T6
|
0.311
|
Desire Variables
|
Description
|
Operationalization
|
Measurement Time (Rounds)
|
Correlation with Upgrade
|
Craving experience |
Craving Experience Questionnaire (May et al., 2014) |
Rating in T2 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 0–100) |
T2 — T6
|
-0.011 |
Desire — feelings and thoughts |
Feelings and thoughts related to consumer desire (Boujbel & d’Astous, 2015) |
Index created from factorial loads of the first PCA component (scale: 0–100) |
T3
|
0.196 |
Desire — new smartphone |
How much consumers desire to exchange their smartphone |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 0–100) |
T1 — T6
|
0.075 |
Desire — new smartphone of same brand |
How much consumers desire to exchange their smartphone for a newer model of the same brand |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 0–100) |
T1 — T6
|
0.125 |
Desire — unique products |
Desire for Unique Products Scale (Lynn & Harris, 1997) |
Index created from factorial loads of the first PCA component (scale: 0–100) |
T6
|
0.062 |
Perceptions about the Smartphone
|
Description
|
Operationalization
|
Measurement Time (Rounds)
|
Correlation with Upgrade
|
Usage frequency |
How much consumers currently use their smartphone |
Scale: 0 — Extremely low; 100 — Extremely high |
T6
|
0.108 |
Usage frequency — 1 month ago |
How much consumers used their smartphone one month ago |
Scale: 0 — Extremely low; 100 — Extremely high |
T6
|
0.084 |
Usage frequency — purchase time |
How much consumers used their smartphone in the purchase day |
Scale: 0 — Extremely low; 100 — Extremely high |
T6
|
0.121 |
Hedonic x Utilitary |
How consumers classify their smartphones in a continuum between hedonic and utilitarian |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 1–7) |
T1 — T6
|
0.249 |
Material x Experiential |
How consumers classify their smartphones in a continuum between experiential and material |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 1–7) |
T1 — T6
|
0.239 |
Mental book value |
Feeling of having gotten money’s worth from the smartphone (Okada, 2001) |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 1–7) |
T1 — T6
|
0.722
|
Sentimental value |
How much sentimental value consumers assign to the smartphone |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 1–7) |
T1 — T6
|
0.294
|
Context Variables
|
Description
|
Operationalization
|
Measurement Time (Rounds)
|
Correlation with Upgrade
|
News about Galaxy |
Consumers’ degree of contact with news about Galaxy in the last month |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 1–7) |
T1 — T6
|
0.286
|
News about iPhone |
Consumers’ degree of contact with news about iPhone in the last month |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 1–7) |
T1 — T6
|
0.314
|
News about same brand |
Consumers’ degree of contact with news about smartphones of the same brand of their own in the last month |
Rating in T1 minus rating in the moment consumers indicated the exchange (scale: 1–7) |
T1 — T6
|
0.347
|
Individual Traits
|
Description
|
Operationalization
|
Measurement Time (Rounds)
|
Correlation with Upgrade
|
Involvement |
Involvement Scale (Zaichowsky, 1994) |
Index created from factorial loads of the first principal component analysis (PCA) component (scale: 1–7) |
T2
|
0.091 |
Materialism |
Materialism Scale (Richins, 2004) |
Index created from factorial loads of the first PCA component (scale: 1–7) |
T2
|
0.100 |
Self-control |
Self-Control Scale (Tangney, Baumeister, & Boone, 2004) |
Index created from factorial loads of the first PCA component (scale: 1–5) |
T4
|
0.039 |
Life satisfaction |
Life Satisfaction Scale (Pavot & Diener, 1993) |
Index created from factorial loads of the first PCA component (scale: 1–7) |
T4
|
-0.043 |
Anxiety |
Anxiety Scale (Lau-Gesk & Meyers-Levy, 2009) |
Index created from factorial loads of the first PCA component (scale: 1–7) |
T5
|
0.011 |
Thoughts about future |
How much consumers think about future incomes |
Index created from factorial loads of the first PCA component (scale: 1–7) |
T5
|
0.194 |
Social comparison |
Social Comparison Scale (Gibbons & Buunk, 1999) |
Index created from factorial loads of the first PCA component (scale: 1–7) |
T6
|
0.051 |
Demographic Variables
|
Description
|
Operationalization
|
Measurement Time (Rounds)
|
Correlation with Upgrade
|
Gender — Female |
Gender — only female |
Dummy coded variable indicating female or not |
T1
|
0.068 |
Gender — Male |
Gender — only male |
Dummy coded variable indicating male or not |
T1
|
-0.068 |
Age |
Age in years |
Age indicated in T1
|
T1
|
0.035 |
Education |
Education level |
Education level indicated in T1
|
T1
|
-0.008 |
Annual household income — T1
|
Annual household income |
Annual household income indicated in T1
|
T1
|
0.052 |
Annual household income — T2
|
Annual household income |
Annual household income indicated in T2
|
T2
|
0.137 |
Discretionary income |
Percentage of household income considered as discretionary |
0–100% |
T1
|
0.051 |