Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract: Housing Market appraisal studies generally apply classic regression models, whose parameters are globally estimated. However, the use of the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, allows the parameters to be locally estimated, increasing its precision. The aim of this article is to apply the GWR model to a sample of 82 apartments, in order to create a plan of values of some districts of the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil. With the proposed methodology, GWR and kernel estimator, it is possible to generate a surface of values. The performance of the surface of values was assessed with (i) cross-validation between the kernel functions, with the Root-Mean Square Standardized (RMSS) error; and with (ii) the GWR adjustment factors to determine the ideal bandwidth. The contribution of generating a surface of values with geographical location via kernel estimator lies on supporting apartment pricing, such as in calculating the venal value of apartments of the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro city, besides being applied in IPTU- Imposto sobre Propriedade Predial e Territorial (The Urban Real Estate Property Tax) and ITBI - Imposto de Transmissão de Bens Imóveis (Tax on the Transfer of Real Estate) and ITBI collection.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract: The increasing usage of the space above and underneath the land surface brings up the need of controlling its occupation. The localization of the infrastructure underground network is a major challenge, and for most of the countries, this information is not yet available or not easy to access. At this juncture, the cadastre of the network location is of fundamental importance for the water management supply systems. ISO 19152 from 2012 - Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) - addresses the standardization and integration of common features of cadastre systems in a simple way, and may be applied to several aspects of land administration. Within this context, this research aims to develop a model of subsurface water utility networks, based on the standard proposed by LADM. The implementation of the model suggested by ISO 19152 was tested using the COMPESA cadastre of the water utility network as a study case. The modernization and the technological advances adopted by the company facilitated the understanding of the geographical database underlying structure and its adaptation to the international standard. The modeling was produced using UML language, and DBDesigner for the physical implementation, executed in connection with PostgreSQL/PostGIS and QGIS, was applied.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract: This work presents a new methodology for extracting 3D homologous points from a DEM/DSM for relative evaluation of positional accuracies, from terrain features such as ridgelines and hydrography. Firstly, it extracts 3D intersection points between the linear features and then it performs a selection of these homologous points. A discussion regarding the spatial resolution effect of the DEM/DSM on the proposed methodology is carried out. As case study, the planimetric and altimetric positional accuracies evaluation of SRTM (X-band) and Aster GDEM (version 2) DSMs was conducted using, as reference, a DSM obtained via photogrammetry. The SRTM and Aster GDEM (version 2) DSMs showed similar classifications, that is, Class A for the altimetry and Class B for the planimetry at the 1:100,000 scale, according to the Brazilian technical standard of positional accuracy.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract: Aerodromes protection zones are defined by plans that are determined by three-dimensional (3D) limiting surfaces, which establish the airspace that must remain clear of obstacles, imposing some restrictions on land use. The objective of this paper is to generate 3D models of the surrounding area of Salgado Filho International Airport, considering the constructive altimetric limit established in the Aerodrome Protection Zone Basic Plan (PBZPA), to identify and quantify obstacles related to plots (urban land parcels) and buildings. The adopted methodology includes the analysis and selection of geospatial data, data modeling and performing spatial analysis on the generated 3D models. The results showed that out of a total of 106,838 plots, covering an area of 69.68 km², 4,826 plots (4.52%) exceeded the limiting surface and 1,054 plots (0.99%) represent critical areas where constructions may not be allowed. And, out of a total of 200,573 buildings, 26,418 of them (13.17%) exceeded the limit imposed by PBZPA’s. Also, the methodology is valid for detecting and quantifying critical areas concerning the constructive viability of the plots, affected areas regarding the height of the plots and buildings, and for identifying obstacles to aerodromes according to their respective airspace laws.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract: Land surface temperature (LST) acquired from remote sensing observations is essential to monitor surface energy and water exchange processes at the land-atmosphere interface. Most LST retrieval methodologies are developed focusing on Northern hemisphere. Consequently, Southern hemisphere has a great need for investigating the performance of LST retrieval algorithms already consolidated in the literature. In this paper, we compared a Split-window (SW) and a Single-channel (SC) method to retrieve LST from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images in a dune field, Southern Brazil. To validate the results, the Atmospheric Correction Parameter Calculator (ACPC) tool and Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) were used. Results demonstrated that both methodologies are in accordance with the RTE, despite they overestimated the LST. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the means are not statistically significant (0.05 level). The correlations between LST retrieved and RTE were strong, producing R² of 0.984 and 0.973 for the SW and SC, respectively, and RMSE values of 1.18 and 1.6. SW also exhibited the best values of MSD (±0.983) and Bias (0.773), thus reinforcing its superior performance. SW can be applied with an accuracy of 1.18 K in Southern Brazil, without needing complex modeling or specific radiosonde.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract: Nowadays GPS (Global Positioning System) and GLONASS (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System) are the main systems of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems), also composed by Galileo and BeiDou. After a long period of degradation, GLONASS was modernized, and its constellation was reestablished in 2011. Considering this new scenario, with GPS and GLONASS full constellations, the interest in the combined use of both systems was renewed. Besides the constellations used, other factors are related to the positioning quality, for instance the ionospheric influence. Several studies have been performed aiming to assess GPS positioning quality as well as the ionospheric influence on it, but concerning GLONASS, there are still several possibilities of investigation. In this context, this research aimed to assess the GPS/GLONASS data point positioning performance considering Brazilian regions with different ionospheric behavior during periods of low and high ionospheric activity. Spatial and time ionospheric influence in the positioning performance were observed. Considering all configurations tested with 30-minute data, the use of GPS/GLONASS data provided better results in 97.35% of the cases when compared to autonomous GPS, the mean improvement was about 60 cm, which corresponds to 30%.