Este artigo apresenta o estado da arte de sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes. Quatro temas são apresentados nesta revisão: o histórico desta categoria de agentes de união, o mecanismo de adesão, as características/propriedades, e a formação da zona ácido-base resistente nas interfaces esmalte/dentina-adesivo. Além disso, as vantagens relativas aos sistemas de condicionamento total ( etch-and-rinse ) e as classificações dos sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes de acordo com o número de passos e acidez são abordados. Por fim, são discutidas questões como a durabilidade potencial e a importância clínica. Sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes são materiais promissores porque são fáceis de usar, unem-se quimicamente à estrutura do dente e preservam a hidroxiapatita dentinária, o que é importante para a durabilidade da ligação.

Autoria

Marcelo Giannini

Operative Dentistry Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil UNICAMP - University of CampinasBrazilPiracicaba, BrazilOperative Dentistry Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil

Patrícia Makishi

Dental Materials Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil UNICAMP - University of CampinasBrazilPiracicaba, BrazilDental Materials Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil

Ana Paula Almeida Ayres

Paulo Moreira Vermelho

Bruna Marin Fronza

Toru Nikaido

Division of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University. Tokyo, Japan Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityJapanTokyo, JapanDivision of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University. Tokyo, Japan

Junji Tagami

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras

Figuras (10)

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Figure 1
SEM micrographs of the resin-dentin interface bonded with the one-step self-etch mode (Fig. 1A) and etch-mode (Fig. 1B) Scotchbond Universal adhesive. Figure 1A shows a thin hybridized layer (*) and few/short resin tags (arrow). Figure 1B shows that thickness of dentin hybridized layer (*) was approximately 3.0 to 4.0 mm (AL: adhesive layer, CR: composite resin, arrows: indicate resin tags, 1,000× magnification).

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Figure 2.
TEM micrograph of the resin-dentin interface bonded with the one-step self-etch adhesive Futura Bond NR. Thickness of hybridized layer (HL) was approximately 1.2 mm (AL: adhesive layer, D: dentin, DT: dentin tubule, 7,000× magnification).

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Figure 3.
TEM micrograph of the resin-dentin interface bonded with the etch-mode of Scotchbond Universal. The thickness of hybrid layer (HL) formed after phosphoric acid etching and adhesive application was approximately 4 mm (AL: adhesive layer, D: dentin, TD: dentin tubule, 10,000× magnification).

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Figure 4.
TEM micrographs of the resin-dentin interface bonded with the two-step self-etch primer Clearfil SE Bond. The high magnification showed that the thickness of interaction zone (HL) was less than 1.0 mm (AL: adhesive layer, D: dentin, DT: dentin tubule, 3,000 x and 30,000× magnification, respectively).

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Figure 5
SEM micrographs of the resin-enamel interface bonded with the one-step self-etch mode adhesive Scotchbond Universal (Fig. 5A). Asterisks show the bonded area. The Figure 5B is a SEM micrograph of the resin-enamel interface bonded with the three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive Optibond FL. Arrows show resin tags and the bonded area (CR: composite resin, AL: adhesive layer, E: enamel, 1,000× magnification).

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Figure 6.
SEM image of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. The acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) was observed beneath the hybrid layer in a two-step self-etch adhesive system (5,000× magnification).

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Figure 7.
Schematic summary of the results of acid-base challenge, where: For no treatment on dentin, no hybrid layer formation was observed, but wall lesion was found. Wall lesion formation suggested that the interface could not resist acid-base challenge, hence causing secondary caries formation in clinical situations. For acid-etching systems, a hybrid layer was observed, but the acid-base resistant zone and wall lesion were not detected. For self-etch systems, a hybrid layer was observed and the acid-base resistant zone was observed beneath the hybrid layer, which was along the dentin-adhesive interface.

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Figure 8.
TEM image of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. The TEM/SAED evidence demonstrated that the ABRZ contained densely arranged apatite crystallites (5,000× magnification).

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Figure 9.
SEM images of the enamel-adhesive interfaces after acid-base challenge. The formation of enamel ABRZ with a two-step self-etch adhesive system, which contains MDP as the acidic functional monomer (left), while the enamel ABRZ could not be distinguished at the most parts of the corresponding region in the Phenyl-P-containing adhesive. And a funnel-shaped erosion area was noted at the junction of ABRZ in this group, indicating a weak area vulnerable to acid-base attack beneath the bonding interface (2,000× magnification).

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Figure 10.
SEM image of the dentin ABRZ after long-term durability test. A delta-shaped region of dentin ABRZ was formed from the upper slope to the end of outer lesion when the fluoride-releasing two-step self-etch adhesive system; Clearfil Protect Bond. The interface created by the fluoride-releasing adhesive was more stable than that of a similar fluoride-free adhesive after 3-month immersion in distilled water (3,500× magnification).

Figure 1 SEM micrographs of the resin-dentin interface bonded with the one-step self-etch mode (Fig. 1A) and etch-mode (Fig. 1B) Scotchbond Universal adhesive. Figure 1A shows a thin hybridized layer () and few/short resin tags (arrow). Figure 1B shows that thickness of dentin hybridized layer () was approximately 3.0 to 4.0 mm (AL: adhesive layer, CR: composite resin, arrows: indicate resin tags, 1,000× magnification).

Figure 2. TEM micrograph of the resin-dentin interface bonded with the one-step self-etch adhesive Futura Bond NR. Thickness of hybridized layer (HL) was approximately 1.2 mm (AL: adhesive layer, D: dentin, DT: dentin tubule, 7,000× magnification).

Figure 3. TEM micrograph of the resin-dentin interface bonded with the etch-mode of Scotchbond Universal. The thickness of hybrid layer (HL) formed after phosphoric acid etching and adhesive application was approximately 4 mm (AL: adhesive layer, D: dentin, TD: dentin tubule, 10,000× magnification).

Figure 4. TEM micrographs of the resin-dentin interface bonded with the two-step self-etch primer Clearfil SE Bond. The high magnification showed that the thickness of interaction zone (HL) was less than 1.0 mm (AL: adhesive layer, D: dentin, DT: dentin tubule, 3,000 x and 30,000× magnification, respectively).

Figure 5 SEM micrographs of the resin-enamel interface bonded with the one-step self-etch mode adhesive Scotchbond Universal (Fig. 5A). Asterisks show the bonded area. The Figure 5B is a SEM micrograph of the resin-enamel interface bonded with the three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive Optibond FL. Arrows show resin tags and the bonded area (CR: composite resin, AL: adhesive layer, E: enamel, 1,000× magnification).

Figure 6. SEM image of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. The acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) was observed beneath the hybrid layer in a two-step self-etch adhesive system (5,000× magnification).

Figure 7. Schematic summary of the results of acid-base challenge, where: For no treatment on dentin, no hybrid layer formation was observed, but wall lesion was found. Wall lesion formation suggested that the interface could not resist acid-base challenge, hence causing secondary caries formation in clinical situations. For acid-etching systems, a hybrid layer was observed, but the acid-base resistant zone and wall lesion were not detected. For self-etch systems, a hybrid layer was observed and the acid-base resistant zone was observed beneath the hybrid layer, which was along the dentin-adhesive interface.

Figure 8. TEM image of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. The TEM/SAED evidence demonstrated that the ABRZ contained densely arranged apatite crystallites (5,000× magnification).

Figure 9. SEM images of the enamel-adhesive interfaces after acid-base challenge. The formation of enamel ABRZ with a two-step self-etch adhesive system, which contains MDP as the acidic functional monomer (left), while the enamel ABRZ could not be distinguished at the most parts of the corresponding region in the Phenyl-P-containing adhesive. And a funnel-shaped erosion area was noted at the junction of ABRZ in this group, indicating a weak area vulnerable to acid-base attack beneath the bonding interface (2,000× magnification).

Figure 10. SEM image of the dentin ABRZ after long-term durability test. A delta-shaped region of dentin ABRZ was formed from the upper slope to the end of outer lesion when the fluoride-releasing two-step self-etch adhesive system; Clearfil Protect Bond. The interface created by the fluoride-releasing adhesive was more stable than that of a similar fluoride-free adhesive after 3-month immersion in distilled water (3,500× magnification).

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