Preemptive regional nerve blocks for sternotomy in pediatric cardiac surgery: a Bayesian network meta-analysis

Abstract

Background  Effective pain management and expedited recovery are critical in pediatric cardiac surgery. While regional anesthesia techniques provide targeted pain control and may reduce opioid use and related complications, comparative evidence among regional nerve blocks in this population is limited. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to support clinical decision-making for optimal analgesia.

Methods  We conducted a Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) including Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) of pediatric patients (0-12 years) undergoing cardiac surgery by sternotomy and receiving preemptive regional nerve blocks. Primary outcomes included pain scores, opioid consumption and extubation time. Both direct and indirect evidence were synthesized to rank interventions probabilistically. This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024585785) and followed PRISMA Extension Statement for Reporting of Systematic Reviews Incorporating Network Meta-analyses of Health Care Interventions.

Results  The NMA incorporated 12 RCTs, comprising 969 participants, and evaluated seven regional nerve blocks. Among the techniques studied, transversus Thoracis Muscle Plane Block (TTPB) consistently ranked among the most effective for pain relief and recovery. Other blocks, including thoracic retrolaminar block and thoracic paravertebral block, also demonstrated notable performances. Adverse events were infrequent but inconsistently reported, preventing an adequate analysis.

Conclusion  This NMA identified TTPB as a consistently top-performing technique across outcomes. These findings provide promising support for its inclusion in ERAS protocols, although further high-quality trials are needed.

Registration  PROSPERO ID: CRD42024585785.

KEYWORDS
Cardiovascular anesthesia; Network meta-analysis; Pediatric anesthesia; Perioperative care; Regional anesthesia