A new Tanaostigmodes Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Tanaostigmatidae) from Brazil

Tanaostigmodes horacioi sp. nov. Perioto & Lara (Hymenoptera, Tanaostigmatidae) from Brazil is described and illustrated. T. horacioi is the second included species in the insculptus species group of Tanaostigmodes Ashmead, 1896. A key to species of the insculptus group is provided.


Introduction
Tanaostigmatidae is a small family of Chalcidoidea that occurs in all tropical regions of the world, although with most species known from the Neotropics.Most species are phytophagous and act as gall inducers or inquilines within galls induced by other species (La Salle, 2005, 2006).Trees or shrubs of Fabaceae (Mimosoidea) appear to be preferred host plants, although there are numerous records of other host plants (La Salle, 2006).
Tanaostigmodes Ashmead, 1896 includes 64 species (Noyes, 2012) and is the largest and most poorly defined of the tanaostigmatid genera.It is divided into twenty species groups, eight of them containing a single species (La Salle, 1987); the species now described belongs to one of these groups, insculptus (sensu La Salle, 1987).
The first citation of Tanaostigmodes from Brazil was made by Brèthes (1924).The fauna of the genera has become better known since the late 1980's, when La Salle (1987) described eight species.Perioto and Lara (2005) and Penteado-Dias and Carvalho (2008) described three additional species from Brazil.

Material and Methods
One specimen of Tanaostigmodes was collected in a Moericke trap placed in a coconut palm plantation as follows at Linhares, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, by E.F.Comerio.
Observations and descriptions were made with a Leica MZ 9.5 stereomicroscope under a fluorescent light source.Colour images were obtained with Leica DFC295 digital camera attached to a Leica M205C APO stereomicroscope; the specimen was illuminated by a Leica LED5000 RL ring light.The serial images from different layers were combined with Helicon Focus software (version 5.1).The figures were prepared using Adobe Photoshop software (version 6.0).

Taxonomy
Tanaostigmodes horacioi sp.nov.Perioto & Lara DIAGNOSIS.Female of Tanaostigmodes horacioi sp.nov. is distinguished from other species of Tanaostigmodes by the following characters: head and body light brown to yellow, interantennal projection small but present; scape 3.5 x as long as wide, with a slight ventral expansion; each successive funicular segment slightly wider than the preceding one; scutellum coriaceous; speculum separated from posterior margin of forewing by more setae (on the ventral surface of the wing) than a single line representing the subcubital vein; ventral margin hind femur without a sub apical denticle.
Female (Figure 1).Length 2.5 mm.Head and body light brown to yellow; lateral margins of scape, pedicel, funicle, inferior margin of clypeus, mandible, oral fossa laterally, interantennal projection with a triangular spot dark brown; setae of body brown; metasoma brown.
Head (Figure 2) 1.25 as wide as high.OOL/POL = 0.98.Scrobal impression glabrate.Interantennal projection small with median ridge ventrally.Subocular sulcus complete.Face and frons imbricate with many minute, setiferous punctures.Antenna: scape 3.5 x as long as wide, with a slight ventral expansion; pedicel 2.0 x as long as wide; Al about half length of A2 and subequal in width to A2; Fl as long as wide, each successive funicular segment slightly wider than preceding one; F6 subequal in length and width.
Wings hyaline, veins light brown to yellow.Forewing with marginal fringe extending to apex; basal cell with 45 setae; speculum separated from posterior margin by more setae (on ventral surface of wing) than a single line representing subcubital vein.Wing veins slender.CC/MV 2.4, MV/PMV 1.3, MV/SV 1.6, PMV/SV 1.2.
Discussion.Tanaostigmodes horacioi sp.nov. is the second species placed in the insculptus species group (sensu La Salle, 1987).It is known only from a single female collected in a coconut palm plantation located Linhares, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.The insculptus group was defined from a single species, T. insculptus La Salle (1987), which has no ventral expansion of the scape, unlike of the species now described, which shows a slight ventral expansion.Thus, the definition of this group of species should be changed to house it.
A key is provided below to distinguish Tanaostigmodes horacioi sp.nov.from T. insculptus.
Etymology.The specific epithet honors Horácio Gomes, government official of the Estação Ecológica de Jataí, our great friend, in memoriam.
The key to species of Tanaostigmodes (La Salle, 1987, p. 18) was modified to accommodate the species described here: 17 (16) Interantenal projection absent (Figure 31).Toruli separated from each other by a distance distinctly greater than diameter of torulus.