Indicadores morfológicos de compromisso reprodutivo inicial em   <i>Mustelus schmitti</i> (Springer 1939) (Chondrichthyes, Triakidae): folliculogenesis e estrutura ovariana ao longo do ciclo de vida

Este trabalho provê informações sobre o compromisso sexual e da foliculogênese do gatuzo, Mustelus schmitti. Um total de 112 fêmeas de todas as fases de maturidade foram pescados no estuário Bahía Blanca, entre 2009 e 2010. O oogônias foi presentes durante todo do ciclo de vida dos animais. A foliculogênese segue um padrão semelhante a outros elasmobrânquios. A capa granulosa mantém-se simples durante toda a foliculogénese, mas com dois tipos de células no folículo vitelogênico. A zona pelúcida forma-se nos folículos primordiais. O sistema mostra uma capa tecal interior de tecido conjuntivo e uma bainha exterior glandular. O início microscópico do compromisso sexual, indicado pela acumulação do vitello, realiza-se em folículos de 500 micrómetros, enquanto que a evidência macroscópica aparece em folículos de 2500-3000 micrómetros. Os resultados apresentados neste estudo sugerem que a pressão da pesca pode afetar um amplo intervalo de tamanho das espécies não considerado anteriormente, e fornece uma base biológica para o desenvolvimento de política comum da pesca.

reprodução; ovário; maturidade sexual; condrictios; gatuzo

Autoria

EJ Galíndez ^**e-mail: galindez@criba.edu.ar

Laboratorio de Histología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur – UNS, San Juan 670, 8000, Bahía Blanca, ArgentinaUniversidad Nacional del Sur – UNSArgentinaBahía Blanca, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Histología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur – UNS, San Juan 670, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina

Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur – INBIOSUR, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas – CONICET, Bahía Blanca, ArgentinaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas – CONICETArgentinaBahía Blanca, ArgentinaInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur – INBIOSUR, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas – CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina

M Díaz Andrade

S Estecondo

*e-mail: galindez@criba.edu.ar

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras

Figuras (14)

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Figure 1.
General view of the ovary of a sexually mature female. Follicles at different maturity stages are intermingled with a connective stroma. The circle indicates a group of primordial follicles. The insert shows a medium magnification of the germinative epithelium, with large intercellular spaces (arrow). Pre: previtellogenic follicles; arrowheads: primary follicles; Vit: vitellate follicle. Scale bar = 350 mm; insert Scale bar = 50 mm. Masson trichromic stain.

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Figure 2.
Cist of oogonia. There are multiple oogonia (oog), intermingled with prefollicular cells pfc). The arrow makes point on the thick basal membrane. Semithin section, methylen blue-azure II-basic fuchsine. Scale bar = 30 mm.

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Figure 3.
Transmission electron microscopy image of part of one cist. Look at the thick basal membrane (arrow) and the close interaction between the oogonia (oog) and a prefollicular cell (pfc), where both cells interdigitate their membranes. The asterisk depicts one apoptotic oogonia. Scale bar = 20 mm.

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Figure 4.
High magnification of a primordial follicle. Look at the flat follicular cells (fc) and the fibroblastic-like cells forming an incipient theca (th). Balbiani's Corps (Bc) are present in the ooplasm. Masson Trichromic stain.Scale bar = 30 mm. The insert depicts the thin zona pellucida (arrow and zp). PAS reaction.Scale bar = 20 mm.

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Figure 5.
Transmission electron microscopy image of the interface between the oolema (oo) and the follicular cells in a primordial follicle. Look at the incipient formation of the zona pellucida defined by the incipient folding of the oolema (arrowheads) facing the peripheral caveolae (cv) of the follicular cells. The thick basal membrane is evident (arrow). The connective cells begin the organization of the theca (th). n: nucleus of a follicular cell. Scale bar = 5 mm.

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Figure 6.
High magnification of envelops of one previtellogenic follicle. The peripheral ooplasma looks foamy, indicating the coming vitellogenesis. The oolema is tightly folded (arrowheads), while follicular cells emit apical projections (empty arrow). Between them, a thick zona pellucida (zp) is evident. The basal membrane (arrow) separates the follicular epithelium from the thecas. The external one shows their cells arranged in an acinar-like structure (oth). The connective stroma is highly vascularized (vs). Masson trichromic stain. Scale bar = 40 mm. The insert depicts the same follicle stained with the PAS reaction, evidencing the thick zona pellucida (arrow, zp). Scale bar = 40 mm.

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Figure 7.
Semithin section of a latter previtellogenic follicle (or an incipient vitellogenic one). The empty intercellular spaces in the granulosa are evident (broad empty arrows). Look at the extreme development of the zona pellucida (zp) with the inner side apposed to the folded oolema (arrowheads). Thearrow shows the follicular basal membrane. Both thecae are clearly developed (ith: inner theca; oth: outer theca). Blood vessels (vs) are common in the interstitial tissue. Methylen blue-azure II-basic fuchsine. Scale bar = 60 mm.

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Figure 8.
Detail of the interface between the oolema (oo) and the zona pellucida (zp) in a vitellogenic follicle. Look at the closed folding of the oolema. Scale Bar = 50 nm.

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Figure 9.
High magnification of a vitellogenic follicle. Look at the clear pseudostratified epithelium. The zona pellucida is very thin at this stage (zp). There are numerous intercellular spaces filled with granules (empty arrows). Both thecae are well defined and the external is composed by polyhedral cells (oTh). One vascular sinus (vs) is interposed between the internal theca (iTh) and the basal membrane of the granulosa (arrow). Vp: vitelline plate. Sudan B technique, Scale bar = 40 mm. The insert depicts an electron micrography of the cells of the outer theca. Tubular mitochondria profiles (m) and SER (O) are seen. Cells present profuse lateral interdigitations (•).Scale Bar = 0.7 mm.

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Figure 10.
Microscopic electron image of the follicular cells in a vitellogenic follicle. Two cellular types were seen, the dark follicular cells (dfc) and the light ones (lfc).Broad empty arrowsdepict the transport of vitellin precursors in the intercellular spaces, while emptyarrowheads show the intracytoplasmatic granules. Black arrowhead makes point on the folding of the oolema; zp: zona pellucida, vp: vitelline plate. Scale Bar = 4 mm.

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Figure 11.
Microscopic electron image of the follicular cells in an early vitellogenic follicle. Follicular cells (fc) are arranged in a seudostratified epithelium. One vascular sinus (vs), plenty of blood cells, is developed between the follicular basal membrane (black arrow) and the inner theca (iTh). The outer theca (oTh) shows polyhedral cells. The empty arrow makes point on granules of vitellin precursors. Scale Bar = 5 mm.

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Figure 12.
Medium size image of an early corpus luteum. The inner folding of the granulosa is clear, as well as the hypertrophy of the outer theca (th). The vascular sinus is enlarged (vs). The insert is a magnification of the luteinic tall cells, with evidence of phagocytosis (broadblack arrows). Masson trichromic stain. Scale Bar = 60 mm.

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Figure 13.
Apoptosis in incipient folliculogenesis (primordial follicles). The asterisk depicts an apoptotic follicle. Masson trichromic stain. Scale Bar = 60 mm.

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Figure 14.
Medium size image of the follicular wall of an atretic vitellogenic follicle. The is a clear transition between the hyperplasic and the normal epithelium. In the image top there are some vitellin debris (vd) and zp indicates the disorganized zona pellucida. Th: thecas. Masson trichromic stain. Scale Bar = 20 mm.

Figure 1. General view of the ovary of a sexually mature female. Follicles at different maturity stages are intermingled with a connective stroma. The circle indicates a group of primordial follicles. The insert shows a medium magnification of the germinative epithelium, with large intercellular spaces (arrow). Pre: previtellogenic follicles; arrowheads: primary follicles; Vit: vitellate follicle. Scale bar = 350 mm; insert Scale bar = 50 mm. Masson trichromic stain.

Figure 2. Cist of oogonia. There are multiple oogonia (oog), intermingled with prefollicular cells pfc). The arrow makes point on the thick basal membrane. Semithin section, methylen blue-azure II-basic fuchsine. Scale bar = 30 mm.

Figure 3. Transmission electron microscopy image of part of one cist. Look at the thick basal membrane (arrow) and the close interaction between the oogonia (oog) and a prefollicular cell (pfc), where both cells interdigitate their membranes. The asterisk depicts one apoptotic oogonia. Scale bar = 20 mm.

Figure 4. High magnification of a primordial follicle. Look at the flat follicular cells (fc) and the fibroblastic-like cells forming an incipient theca (th). Balbiani's Corps (Bc) are present in the ooplasm. Masson Trichromic stain.Scale bar = 30 mm. The insert depicts the thin zona pellucida (arrow and zp). PAS reaction.Scale bar = 20 mm.

Figure 5. Transmission electron microscopy image of the interface between the oolema (oo) and the follicular cells in a primordial follicle. Look at the incipient formation of the zona pellucida defined by the incipient folding of the oolema (arrowheads) facing the peripheral caveolae (cv) of the follicular cells. The thick basal membrane is evident (arrow). The connective cells begin the organization of the theca (th). n: nucleus of a follicular cell. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figure 6. High magnification of envelops of one previtellogenic follicle. The peripheral ooplasma looks foamy, indicating the coming vitellogenesis. The oolema is tightly folded (arrowheads), while follicular cells emit apical projections (empty arrow). Between them, a thick zona pellucida (zp) is evident. The basal membrane (arrow) separates the follicular epithelium from the thecas. The external one shows their cells arranged in an acinar-like structure (oth). The connective stroma is highly vascularized (vs). Masson trichromic stain. Scale bar = 40 mm. The insert depicts the same follicle stained with the PAS reaction, evidencing the thick zona pellucida (arrow, zp). Scale bar = 40 mm.

Figure 7. Semithin section of a latter previtellogenic follicle (or an incipient vitellogenic one). The empty intercellular spaces in the granulosa are evident (broad empty arrows). Look at the extreme development of the zona pellucida (zp) with the inner side apposed to the folded oolema (arrowheads). Thearrow shows the follicular basal membrane. Both thecae are clearly developed (ith: inner theca; oth: outer theca). Blood vessels (vs) are common in the interstitial tissue. Methylen blue-azure II-basic fuchsine. Scale bar = 60 mm.

Figure 8. Detail of the interface between the oolema (oo) and the zona pellucida (zp) in a vitellogenic follicle. Look at the closed folding of the oolema. Scale Bar = 50 nm.

Figure 9. High magnification of a vitellogenic follicle. Look at the clear pseudostratified epithelium. The zona pellucida is very thin at this stage (zp). There are numerous intercellular spaces filled with granules (empty arrows). Both thecae are well defined and the external is composed by polyhedral cells (oTh). One vascular sinus (vs) is interposed between the internal theca (iTh) and the basal membrane of the granulosa (arrow). Vp: vitelline plate. Sudan B technique, Scale bar = 40 mm. The insert depicts an electron micrography of the cells of the outer theca. Tubular mitochondria profiles (m) and SER (O) are seen. Cells present profuse lateral interdigitations (•).Scale Bar = 0.7 mm.

Figure 10. Microscopic electron image of the follicular cells in a vitellogenic follicle. Two cellular types were seen, the dark follicular cells (dfc) and the light ones (lfc).Broad empty arrowsdepict the transport of vitellin precursors in the intercellular spaces, while emptyarrowheads show the intracytoplasmatic granules. Black arrowhead makes point on the folding of the oolema; zp: zona pellucida, vp: vitelline plate. Scale Bar = 4 mm.

Figure 11. Microscopic electron image of the follicular cells in an early vitellogenic follicle. Follicular cells (fc) are arranged in a seudostratified epithelium. One vascular sinus (vs), plenty of blood cells, is developed between the follicular basal membrane (black arrow) and the inner theca (iTh). The outer theca (oTh) shows polyhedral cells. The empty arrow makes point on granules of vitellin precursors. Scale Bar = 5 mm.

Figure 12. Medium size image of an early corpus luteum. The inner folding of the granulosa is clear, as well as the hypertrophy of the outer theca (th). The vascular sinus is enlarged (vs). The insert is a magnification of the luteinic tall cells, with evidence of phagocytosis (broadblack arrows). Masson trichromic stain. Scale Bar = 60 mm.

Figure 13. Apoptosis in incipient folliculogenesis (primordial follicles). The asterisk depicts an apoptotic follicle. Masson trichromic stain. Scale Bar = 60 mm.

Figure 14. Medium size image of the follicular wall of an atretic vitellogenic follicle. The is a clear transition between the hyperplasic and the normal epithelium. In the image top there are some vitellin debris (vd) and zp indicates the disorganized zona pellucida. Th: thecas. Masson trichromic stain. Scale Bar = 20 mm.

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Indicadores morfológicos de compromisso reprodutivo inicial em <i>Mustelus schmitti</i> (Springer 1939) (Chondrichthyes, Triakidae): folliculogenesis e estrutura ovariana ao longo do ciclo de vida

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[1] *e-mail: galindez@criba.edu.ar