Parasitism on Araneus venatrix ( Koch , 1838 ) ( Araneae : Araneidae ) by Hymenoepimecis silvanae Loffredo and Penteado-Dias , 2009 ( Ichneumonidae , Pimplinae ) with description of male of the wasp Sobczak

The wasp Hymenoepimecis silvanae Loffredo and Penteado-Dias, 2009, was recorded parasitising females of Araneus venatrix. The male of H. silvanae is described and illustrated. Specimens were collected in the Parque Estadual de Intervales and Reserva Biológica Serra do Japi, both located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.


Introduction
Spiders are present in the diet of several predators, and are also attacked by parasites and parasitoids with varying degrees of food specificity (Gonzaga, 2008).Of these, wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) included in Polisphinctine genus-group (Polysphinctini sensu Townes 1969; hereafter "polysphinctines) are exclusively ectoparasitoid koinobiont of spiders (Gauld and Dubois, 2006).

Material and Methods
Three females of the spider A. venatrix with larva of H. silvanae attached to the abdomen were located along the forest border in December of 2009 in the Parque Estadual de Intervales (24° 16' S and 48° 25' W), Ribeirão Grande, state of São Paulo, Brazil; and one female of A. venatrix was photographed in the field (Figure 1a), and collected in February of 2010 in Serra do Japi (23° 15' S and 46° 57' W), an area of subtropical forest located in Jundiai, state of São Paulo, Brazil.
Spiders parasitised from both places were collected, enclosed in plastic recipients (30 × 25 × 25 cm) and fed daily with Drosophila sp.specimens.In the laboratory, the parasitoid specimens that emerged from the cocoons were examined, measured and photographed in a Leica M 205 C stereomicroscope.Voucher specimens of the parasitoid were deposited in the collection of the Universidade Federal de São Carlos -UFSCar, (DCBU-A.M. Penteado-Dias, curator), and the spiders are deposited in the Instituto Butantan, São Paulo (IBSP, A.D. Brescovit, curator).

Results and Discussion
After 10 days (n: 4) two females and two males of H. silvanae emerged from the cocoon.Loffredo and Penteado-Dias ( 2009) described the female of H. silvanae with holotype collected using a Malaise trap in Campos do Jordão, SP, Brasil.The male of H. silvanae used in this work emerged from a female of A. venatrix is described below: Male: Length: 10.5 mm.Fore wings: 0.85 mm (Figure 1b).Antenna with 33 joints, lower face smooth elongate 0.7× as broad as high, convex with two shallow furrows from median area to upper; presence of small tubercle between base of scapes; head with gena long; posterior ocellus separated from eye by 1.2× its own maximum diameter.Pronotum long, distance from tegula to head is about 0.7× the distance from tegula to hind margin of propodeum, scutellum convex; mesopleurum smooth and polished with anterodorsal and posteroventral parts with fine and scattered hairs.propodeum smooth and polished with scattered hairs, submetapleural carina absent.Fore wing with cu-a more or less interstitial to base of Rs & M, vein3r-s absent, hind wing with abscissa of Cu1 meeting cu-a equidistant between M and 1A.Metasoma moderately slender, tergite I 2.9× as long as posteriorly margin broad with convergent lateral carinae present only anteriorly, sternite I with slight rounded swelling posteriorly, tergites I-VI centrally smooth and with scattered hairs around, tergite II 1.3× and tergite III 1.4× as long as posteriorly broad.Head black, apical margin of clypeus testaceous, mandible except tip, and palpi pale yellow, antenna black.Mesosoma, metasoma and pronotum mostly orange brown, metasoma with tergites II-V with posterior margin darker.Sternite I smooth, orange brown; II -VI light brown and coreaceous.Two pairs of anterior legs yellow, hind leg orange brown with coxa posteriorly, tibia posteriorly and tarsi, tibial spurs brownish.Wings hyaline yellowish; fore wing apically and centrally, between nervelus and junction of radius with stigma with fascia infumate, pterostigma almost all yellow, anteriorly blackish.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.a) Female of A. venatrix with larva of H. silvanae; b) Habitus of male of H. silvanae.