Vitamin application affects gas exchange, growth, and yield of soybean plants

Alves, V. C. D.; Vendruscolo, E. P.; Lima, S. F.; Ferreira, L. M.; Ribeiro, B. L. Q.; Menezes, I. E. M.; Nunes, R. C. B.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.290401

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 85 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.290401 linkcopy

Vitamin application affects gas exchange, growth, and yield of soybean plants

Aplicação de vitaminas afeta a troca gasosa, o crescimento e a produtividade de plantas de soja

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The application of biostimulants in agriculture has been used to increase crop yield. This study evaluated the effects of exogenous application of thiamine and nicotinamide on soybean plants. The experiment was conducted in Cassilândia, MS. The randomized blocks design with 5 treatments and 8 replications was used. The treatments consisted of concentrations of nicotinamide and thiamine at 0, 50, and 100 mg L^-1 of water, applied exogenously when the plants were at the V3 stage. Gas exchange, number of grains per pod, number of pods, and grain yield were assessed. Plant height was increased by applying vitamins, with all treatments outperforming the control. The application of nicotinamide or thiamine at doses between 50 and 100 mg L^-1 favors the development and grain yield of soybean plants, making it possible to use them as a biostimulant.

Keywords:
Glycine max; agricultural sustainability; vitamin B

DF	Mean square
DF	Ci	E	gS		A		WUE		EICI		RCI		NL
7	691.52	0.24	0		1.3		0.1		0.00005		7.29		1.56
4	5216.18*	3.79*	0.0085*		46.36*		1.44*		0.001*		16.12^ns		14.59*
28	1083.88	0.3	0.0008		2.38		0.27		0.00007		8.82		3.2
CV%	14.37	25.82	42.9		27.14		19.74		31.71		6.8		9.39
DF	PH	SD		NB		FPI		NP		NG		GW
5	8.75	0.05		0.32		2.61		92.75		359.97		6.83
4	53.48*	0.28*		0.60**		9.37*		519.83*		1927.92**		34.58*
20	11.64	0.05		0.17		1.64		71.15		599.36		5.58
CV%	4.98	3.92		12.73		6.61		10.39		12.86		11.16

	Ci	E	gS	A	WUE	EICI	RCI	NL	NP		NG	PH		SD	FPI	NB
Ci		ns
E	0.20	*
gS	0.38 **	0.94 *	*
A	-0.15	0.88 *	0.81 *	*
WUE	-0.65 *	0.30	0.25	0.69 *	*
EICI	-0.48 *	0.70 *	0.56 *	0.93 *	0.82 *	*
RCI	0.15	-0.02	0.09	-0.03	-0.05	-0.13	*
NL	-0.14	0.04	-0.08	-0.01	0.03	0.04	-0.03	*
NP	-0.28	0.44 *	0.34 **	0.53 *	0.42 *	0.54 *	0.09	0.11	*
NG	-0.34 **	0.43 *	0.28	0.53 *	0.38	0.56 *	0.12	0.01	0.73 *		*
PH	-0.26	0.50 *	0.44 *	0.54 *	0.44 *	0.53 *	0.15	0.06	0.46 *		0.50 *	*
SD	-0.04	0.64 *	0.51 *	0.55 *	0.22	0.50 *	-0.02	0.39 **	0.57 *		0.45 *	0.45 *		*
FPI	-0.20	0.20	0.24	0.23	0.25	0.20	0.32 **	-0.29	0.12		0.18	0.39 **		0.04	*
NB	-0.07	0.55 *	0.48 *	0.57 *	0.38 **	0.52 *	-0.29	0.13	0.44 *		0.33 **	0.34 **		0.42 *	0.17	*
GW	-0.19	0.41 *	0.37 **	0.51 *	0.45 *	0.47 *	0.20	-0.07	0.68 *		0.58 *	0.46 *		0.39 **	0.45 *	0.38 **
			* (p ≤ 0.01)		** (p ≤ 0.05)		non significative			** (p ≤ 0.05)			* (p ≤ 0.01)

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Instituto Internacional de Ecologia R. Bento Carlos, 750, 13560-660 São Carlos SP - Brasil, Tel. e Fax: (55 16) 3362-5400 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjb@bjb.com.br

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[1] DF = degrees of freedom; CV = coefficient of variation; Ci = intracellular CO₂; E = transpiration; gS = stomatal conductance; A = net photosynthesis; WUE = water use efficiency; EICI = carboxylation efficiency; RCI = relative chlorophyll index; NL = number of leaves; NP = number of pods; NG = number of grains; PH = plant height; SD = stem diameter; FPI = first pod insertion; NB = number of branches; GW = grain weight.

[TFN1] ^*
, ** and ns – Significant at p ≤ 0.05, 0.01 and, not significant by t-test, respectively.