Lake Hovsgol, Mongolia |
PP, PY, PE |
20264 items/km2 W |
Free et al. (2014)FREE, C.M., JENSEN, O.P., MASON, S.A., ERIKSEN, M., WILLIAMSON, N.J. and BOLDGIV, B., 2014. High-levels of microplastic pollution in a large, remote, mountain lake. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 156-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.001. PMid:24973278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.20...
|
River Rhine, Europe |
PLE, APC, PP, PY, PFE |
892777 items/km2 W |
Mani et al. (2015)MANI, T., HAUK, A., WALTER, U. and BURKHARDT-HOLM, P., 2015. Microplastics profile along the Rhine River. Scientific Reports, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 17988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep17988. PMid:26644346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep17988...
|
Grade Lakes tributaries, USA |
PLE, APC, PP, PY, PFE |
0.05 to 32 items/m2 W |
Baldwin et al. (2016)BALDWIN, A.K., CORSI, S.R. and MASON, S.A., 2016. Plastic debris in 29 Great Lakes tributaries: relations to watershed attributes and hydrology. Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 50, no. 19, pp. 10377-10385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02917. PMid:27627676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b0291...
|
Lakes Winnipeg, Canada |
PLE, APC, PP, PY, PFE |
52508-748027 items/km2 W |
Anderson et al. (2017)ANDERSON, P.J., WARRACK, S., LANGEN, V., CHALLIS, J.K., HANSON, M.L. and RENNIE, M.D., 2017. Microplastic contamination in lake Winnipeg, Canada. Environmental Pollution, vol. 225, pp. 223-231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.072. PMid:28376390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017....
|
Taihu Lake, China |
PM, Methacrylate PC |
4.4-25.8 items/L W |
Paul-Pont et al. (2016)PAUL-PONT, I., LACROIX, C., FERNÁNDEZ, C.G., HÉGARET, H., LAMBERT, C., LE GOÏC, N., FRÈRE, L., CASSONE, A.-L., SUSSARELLU, R., FABIOUX, C., GUYOMARCH, J., ALBENTOSA, M., HUVET, A. and SOUDANT, P., 2016. Exposure of marine mussels Mytilus spp. to polystyrene microplastics: toxicity and influence on fluoranthene bioaccumulatio. Environmental Pollution, vol. 216, pp. 724-737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.039. PMid:27372385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016....
|
River Thames Basin, UK |
Cellophane, PLE, PP |
185-660 items/kg S |
Horton et al. (2017a) HORTON, A.A., SVENDSEN, C., WILLIAMS, R.J., SPURGEON, D.J. and LAHIVE, E., 2017a. Large microplastic particles in sediments of tributaries of the River Thames, UK-abundance, sources and methods for effective quantification. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 218-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.004. PMid:27692488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.20...
|
Laurentian Great Lakes, North America |
PP, PY, Polycarbonate |
0.85-0.92 g/cm3 SW |
Driedger et al. (2015)DRIEDGER, A.G., DÜRR, H.H., MITCHELL, K. and VAN CAPPELLEN, P., 2015. Plastic debris in the Laurentian Great Lakes: a review. Journal of Great Lakes Research, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 9-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2014.12.020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2014.12...
|
Lake Poyang, China |
PP, PE |
5-34 items/L W |
Yuan et al. (2019)YUAN, W., LIU, X., WANG, W., DI, M. and WANG, J., 2019. Microplastic abundance, distribution and composition in water, sediments, and wild fish from Poyang Lake, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 170, pp. 180-187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.126. PMid:30529617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018....
|
Taihu Lake |
cellophane, PP, PLE |
3.4-25.8 Items/L W |
Su et al. (2016)SU, L., XUE, Y., LI, L., YANG, D., KOLANDHASAMY, P., LI, D. and SHI, H., 2016. Microplastics in taihu lake, China. Environmental Pollution, vol. 216, pp. 711-719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.036. PMid:27381875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016....
|
Dongting, Hong Lakes in China |
PP, PE, PC |
1250-4650 n/m3 SW |
Wang et al. (2018)WANG, W., YUAN, W., CHEN, Y. and WANG, J., 2018. Microplastics in surface waters of dongting lake and hong lake, China. The Science of the Total Environment, vol. 633, pp. 539-545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.211. PMid:29579665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.20...
|
Remote Lakes in Tibet |
PP, PE |
20,264 particles/km W |
Free et al. (2014)FREE, C.M., JENSEN, O.P., MASON, S.A., ERIKSEN, M., WILLIAMSON, N.J. and BOLDGIV, B., 2014. High-levels of microplastic pollution in a large, remote, mountain lake. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 156-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.001. PMid:24973278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.20...
|
Vembanad Lake, India |
PE, PY, PLE |
96-496 particles m−2 S |
Sruthy and Ramasamy (2017)SRUTHY, S. and RAMASAMY, E.V., 2017. Microplastic pollution in Vembanad Lake, Kerala, India: the first report of microplastics in lake and estuarine sediments in India. Environmental Pollution, vol. 222, pp. 315-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.038. PMid:28041839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016....
|
Italian subalpine Lakes |
PE, PY, PP |
25000 items/m2 SW |
Sighicelli et al. (2018)SIGHICELLI, M., PIETRELLI, L., LECCE, F., IANNILLI, V., FALCONIERI, M., COSCIA, L., DI VITO, S., NUGLIO, S. and ZAMPETTI, G., 2018. Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of Italian Subalpine Lakes. Environmental Pollution, vol. 236, pp. 645-651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.008. PMid:29433105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018....
|
Dongting Lake, China |
PE, PY |
320-480 items/m2 And 200-1150 items/m2 SW |
Jiang et al. (2018a) JIANG, C., YIN, L., WEN, X., DU, C., WU, L., LONG, Y., LIU, Y., MA, Y., YIN, Q., ZHOU, Z. and PAN, H., 2018a. Microplastics in sediment and surface water of West Dongting Lake and South Dongting Lake: abundance, source and composition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 15, no. 10, p. 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102164. PMid:30275431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102164...
|
Wuhan, China |
PE, PY |
1660.0-8925 particles/m SW |
Wang et al. (2017)WANG, W., NDUNGU, A.W., LI, Z. and WANG, J., 2017. Microplastics pollution in inland freshwaters of China: a case study in urban surface waters of Wuhan, China. The Science of the Total Environment, vol. 575, pp. 1369-1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.213. PMid:27693147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.20...
|
River Ravi, Lahore Pakistan |
PE, PP |
2074 ± 3651 MPs/m3 W |
Irfan et al. (2020)IRFAN, M., QADIR, A., MUMTAZ, M. and AHMAD, S.R., 2020. An unintended challenge of microplastic pollution in the urban surface water system of Lahore, Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, vol. 27, no. 14, pp. 16718-16730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08114-7. PMid:32133610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-081...
|
Dutch river delta and Amsterdam canals |
Not detected |
NA |
Leslie et al. (2017)LESLIE, H.A., BRANDSMA, S.H., VAN VELZEN, M.J.M. and VETHAAK, A.D., 2017. Microplastics en route: field measurements in the Dutch river delta and Amsterdam canals, wastewater treatment plants, North Sea sediments and biota. Environment International, vol. 101, pp. 133-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.018. PMid:28143645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017....
|
Kelvin River, UK |
Fibers |
0.26685 g/L S |
Blair et al. (2019)BLAIR, R.M., WALDRON, S., PHOENIX, V.R. and GAUCHOTTE-LINDSAY, C., 2019. Microscopy and elemental analysis characterisation of microplastics in sediment of a freshwater urban river in Scotland, UK. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 12491-12504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04678-1. PMid:30848429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-046...
|
Carpathian Basin, Europe |
PE, PP and PY |
0.4716 g/L SW |
Bordós et al. (2019)BORDÓS, G., URBÁNYI, B., MICSINAI, A., KRISZT, B., PALOTAI, Z., SZABÓ, I., HANTOSI, Z. and SZOBOSZLAY, S., 2019. Identification of microplastics in fish ponds and natural freshwater environments of the Carpathian basin, Europe. Chemosphere, vol. 216, pp. 110-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.110. PMid:30359912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere....
|
The lagoon of Bizerte, Tunisia |
PP and PE |
2.106 g/L S |
Toumi et al. (2019)TOUMI, H., ABIDLI, S. and BEJAOUI, M., 2019. Microplastics in freshwater environment: the first evaluation in sediments from seven water streams surrounding the lagoon of Bizerte (Northern Tunisia). Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, vol. 26, no. 14, pp. 14673-14682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04695-0. PMid:30877530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-046...
|
Wei River, China |
Fibers |
0.918 g/L SW |
Ding et al. (2019)DING, L., MAO, R.F., GUO, X., YANG, X., ZHANG, Q. and YANG, C., 2019. Microplastics in surface waters and sediments of the Wei River, in the northwest of China. The Science of the Total Environment, vol. 667, pp. 427-434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.332. PMid:30833241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.20...
|
Flemish rivers, Belgium |
Not identified |
0.0153 g/L W |
Slootmaekers et al. (2019)SLOOTMAEKERS, B., CARTENY, C.C., BELPAIRE, C., SAVERWYNS, S., FREMOUT, W., BLUST, R. and BERVOETS, L., 2019. Microplastic contamination in gudgeons (Gobio gobio) from Flemish rivers (Belgium). Environmental Pollution, vol. 244, pp. 675-684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.136. PMid:30384073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018....
|
Bloukrans River, Australia |
Not identified |
0.216 g/L S |
Nel et al. (2018)NEL, H.A., DALU, T. and WASSERMAN, R.J., 2018. Sinks and sources: assessing microplastic abundance in river sediment and deposit feeders in an Austral temperate urban river system. The Science of the Total Environment, vol. 612, pp. 950-956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.298. PMid:28886547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.20...
|
Dutch wastewater treatment plant effluent, Netherlands |
Effluents |
0.00297 g/ E |
Van Wezel et al. (2016)VAN WEZEL, A., CARIS, I. and KOOLS, S.A., 2016. Release of primary microplastics from consumer products to wastewater in the Netherlands. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 1627-1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.3316. PMid:26627661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.3316...
|
WWTP effluent Scotland |
Flakes, fibers, film, beads, foam |
250e15700/m3 E |
Murphy et al. (2016)MURPHY, F., EWINS, C., CARBONNIER, F. and QUINN, B., 2016. Wastewater treatment works (WwTW) as a source of microplastics in the aquatic environment. Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 50, no. 11, pp. 5800-5808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05416. PMid:27191224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b0541...
|
Los Angeles, USA |
Irregularly shaped fragments |
0.002/m3 E |
Carr et al. (2016)CARR, S.A., LIU, J. and TESORO, A.G., 2016. Transport and fate of microplastic particles in wastewater treatment plants. Water Research, vol. 91, pp. 174-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.002. PMid:26795302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016....
|
Oldenburg, Germany |
Particles, fibers |
10e9000/m3 E |
Mintenig et al. (2017)MINTENIG, S.M., INT-VEEN, I., LÖDER, M.G., PRIMPKE, S. and GERDTS, G., 2017. Identification of microplastic in effluents of waste water treatment plants using focal plane array-based micro-Fourier-transform infrared imaging. Water Research, vol. 108, pp. 365-372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.015. PMid:27838027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016....
|
Helsinki, Finland |
films, spheres |
5e2000/m3 E |
Talvitie et al. (2017)TALVITIE, J., MIKOLA, A., KOISTINEN, A. and SETÄLÄ, O., 2017. Solutions to microplastic pollution-removal of microplastics from wastewater effluent with advanced wastewater treatment technologies. Water Research, vol. 123, pp. 401-407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.005. PMid:28686942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017....
|
Rivers Germany |
foam, fibers, pellets, films |
2.9e214/m3 SW |
Heb et al. (2018)HEB, M., DIEHL, P., MAYER, J., RAHM, H., REIFENHÄUSER, W., STARK, J. and SCHWAIGER, J., 2018. Mikroplastik in binnengewässern süd-und Westdeutschlands. Bundesländerübergreifende untersuchungen in Baden Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen und Rheinland-Pfalz. Teil 1. Karlsruhe: LUBW/LFU/HLNUG/LANUV/LFURLP.
|
Tamar Estuary, UK |
Floating plastic debris |
0.028/m3 SW |
Sadri and Thompson (2014)SADRI, S.S. and THOMPSON, R.C., 2014. On the quantity and composition of floating plastic debris entering and leaving the Tamar Estuary, Southwest England. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 55-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.02.020. PMid:24613232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.20...
|
Urban Lakes, Hanjiang and Wuhan Rivers, China |
Colored granules, films, pellets, fiber |
1660 e8925/m3 SW |
Wang et al. (2017)WANG, W., NDUNGU, A.W., LI, Z. and WANG, J., 2017. Microplastics pollution in inland freshwaters of China: a case study in urban surface waters of Wuhan, China. The Science of the Total Environment, vol. 575, pp. 1369-1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.213. PMid:27693147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.20...
|
North Sea coast, Netherlands |
Colored granules, films, pellets, fiber |
27000/m3 SW |
Karlsson et al. (2017)KARLSSON, T.M., VETHAAK, A.D., ALMROTH, B.C., ARIESE, F., VAN VELZEN, M., HASSELLÖV, M. and LESLIE, H.A., 2017. Screening for microplastics in sediment, water, marine invertebrates and fish: method development and microplastic accumulation. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 122, no. 1-2, pp. 403-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.081. PMid:28689849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.20...
|