Parâmetros biológicos e populacionais de peixes do meio Rio Xingu, Bacia Amazônica

Camargo, M.; Giarrizzo, T.; Isaac, VJ.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.01914BM

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Sumário

Articles • Braz. J. Biol. 75 (3 suppl 1) • Ago 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.01914BM copiar

Parâmetros biológicos e populacionais de peixes do meio Rio Xingu, Bacia Amazônica

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Este estudo estima os parâmetros biológicos tais como taxas de crescimento corporal, comprimento assintótico, mortalidade, consumo por biomassa, produção biológica e biomassa, para 63 espécies no médio rio Xingu, antes da construção da hidrelétrica de Belo Monte. Os espécimes foram coletados por capturas experimentais e foram analisados com equações empíricas através do programa FISAT com base nos comprimentos corporais. Altas taxas de crescimento (K) e altas mortalidades naturais (M) foram relacionadas com uma maturação sexual precoce e baixa longevidade. O predomino de espécies com ciclos de vida curta e um reduzido número de classes etárias determinou altas taxas de renovação dos estoques, que indica alta produtividade para as pescarias e baixos riscos de sobrepesca.

Palavras-chave:
peixes amazônicos; dinâmica populacional; estratégias de vida; hidrelétrica de Belo Monte

Taxa	AR _(n1) ^* * n1 and n2 individuals number used for this estimates.	Q/B (year^-1) _(n1)	L_∞ (cm) _(n2)	Lm (cm)	K (year^-1) _(n2)	P/B	B₁ (Kg/ha)	B_(Cadima) (Kg/ha)	M (1/year)	age (years)	n₁	n₂	Known Migration
*Characiformes/ Acestrorhynchidae*
Acestrorhynchus falcatus	-	-	34.0	21.9	0.58	2.73	-	-	1.25	3.6		730	1
Acestrorhynchus falcirostris	-	-	36.0	23.1	0.39	1.81	-	-	0.93	4		462
Acestrorhynchus microlepis	2.15	15.55	32.6	21.1	0.60	3.61	-	-	1.28	2.5	10	248
*Anostomidae*
Laemolyta proxima	-	-	27.4	18.1	0.53	1.27	0.089	-	1.25	4			1
Laemolyta petite	-	-	27.4	18.1	0.56	1.66	0.044	-	1.29	3.8		176	1
Laemolyta fernandezi	1.26	40.94	27.4	18.1	0.58	1.57	0.089	-	1.32	3.9	19		1
Leporinus sp. “verde”	1.86	18.86	37.9	24.2	0.41	2.07	0.222	0.060-0.700	0.96	3.5	42	380
Leporinus tigrinus	1.19	33.00	16.8	11.6	-	-	-	-			23
*Characidae*
Agoniates halecinus	1.41	12.91	28.0	18.4	0.69	2.79	-	-	1.47	3	45	544
Brycon pesu	1.78	18.95	18.9	12.9	-	-	-	-			24		1
Brycon falcatus	2.03	19.50	45.2	28.3	-	-	0.130	-			10
Bryconamericus orinocoense	1.97	65.19	14.7	10.3	-	-	-	-			16		1
Chalceus epakros	1.08	16.00	16.8	11.6	-	-	-	-			24
Moenkhausia intermedia	-	12.60	13.7	9.7	0.95	2.53	-	-	2.22	2.5		1168	1
Myleus setiger	3.02	35.14	25.2	16.8	0.60	1.73	0.012	-	1.38	3	19	176	1
Myleus rubripinnis	3.09	40.99	35.7	22.9	0.63	1.87	0.489-0.646	-	1.30	3	19	102	1
Myleus schomburgki	3.01	45.33	31.6	20.5	0.51	2.89	0.014	0.030	1.17	2.5	43	125	1
Myleus rhomboidalis	-	-	56.8	34.8	0.56	1.51	1.223-1.641	0.180	1.05	4		109	1
Myleus torquatus	2.97	32.92	42.0	26.5	0.43	1.71	0.734-0.968	4.700-6.100	0.97	6	64	399
Roeboides sp.	1.17	12.99	11.6	8.4	-	-	-	-			17
Serrasalmus rhombeus	-	-	46.2	28.9	0.64	1.25	0.007	0.026	1.22/1.18	3.5		325
Serrasalmus serrulatus	-	-	48.4	30.1	0.49	2.04	0.003	-	1.01	4.5		229
Tometes sp. “xingu”	2.88	38.49	45.0	28.2	0.58	1.16	0.082	-	1.15/0.98	3.5	31	121
Triportheus rotundatus	1.32	30.99	30.5	19.9	0.76	2.44	-	-	1.53	3	638	659
*Chilodontidae*
Caenotropus labyrinthicus	1.53	39.20	21.5	14.5	0.84	3.43	-	-	1.80	2.5	37	979
*Ctenolucidae*
Boulengerella cuvieri	1.97	9.13	78.0	46.2	0.36	1.4	0.029	0.084			46	635
Boulengerella maculata	1.38	11.32	30.5	19.9	-	-	0.007	-			14	14
*Curimatidae*
Curimata inornata	1.24	20.43	21.1	14.3	0.93	4.73	-	-	1.94	2.6	16	1330
Curimata ocellata	2.76	47.16	23.2	15.5	-	-	-	-			9	9
Curimatella immaculata	1.49	41.84	19.0	13.0	0.90	3.2	-	-	1.95	2.5	17	1828
Cyphocharax gouldingi	2.75	23.15	16.8	11.6	0.95	2.31	-	-	2.09		39	329
*Cynodontidae*
Hydrolycus armatus	2.73	7.84	94.7	55.0	0.15	0.58	0.028	0.156	0.39	11	35	217	1
Rhaphiodon vulpinus	2.56	10.76	74.7	44.5	0.31	0.81	-	-	0.66	5.5	14	97	1
*Erythrinidae*
Hoplias malabaricus	1.19	7.76	41.0	26.0	-	-	0.303	-			10	10
*Hemiodontidae*
Argonectes robertsi	2.44	28.89	43.1	27.1	0.45	1.18	0.0001-0.012	0.001-0.033	0.99	4	15	275	1
Bivibranchia fowleri	2.99	52.60	21.0	14.2	-	-	-	-
Hemiodus argenteus	1.79	30.09	27.3	18.0	0.58	2.87	0.003	-	1.32	2.9	65	580
Hemiodus unimaculatus	1.64	35.03	26.3	17.4	0.65	3.25	0.017	0.0004-0.029	1.44	2.9	43	5143
Hemiodus vonderwinkleri	1.59	35.69	23.1	15.5	0.63	2.72	0.001	-	2.60	1.56	33	1479
*Prochilodontidae*
Prochilodus nigricans	2.37	26.88	42.1	26.6	0.39	1.03	0.256-1.561	0.810-4.950	0.77	6	26	244	1
Semaprochilodus brama	2.39	22.79	67.4	40.6	0.33	1.57	0.071-0.303	0.150-0.630	0.71	5	48	148	1
*Clupeiformes / Clupeidae*
Ilisha amazonica	-	-	25.2	16.8	0.64	2.96	-	-	1.44	2.5		161	1
*Perciformes / Cichlidae*
Cichla melaniae	1.17	10.05	53.0	32.7	0.48	2.08	4.53-4.75	7.100-7.460	0.97	3.2	20	98
Geophagus gr. altifrons	1.10	29.41	26.3	17.4	0.82	1.91	0.202	0.347	1.68	2.3	17	845
Geophagus proximus	1.09	27.76	25.0	16.6	-	-	-	-			67	67
Geophagus argyrostictus	0.89	31.60	22.1	14.9	-	-	-	-			22	22
*Sciaenidae*
Pachyurus junkii	1.01	10.72	38.0	24.2	0.67	1.5	0.191	0.416	1.33		32	69
Petilipinnis grunnniens	1.27	11.61	18.9	12.9	0.84	3.67	-	-	1.87	2.7	26	544
Plagioscion magdalenae	-	-	62.1	37.7	0.41	1.31	3.38-5.06	8.430-12.640	0.84	5	59	439
Plagioscion squamosissimus	1.02	8.27	63.1	38.2	-	-	-	-			82	82
*Siluriformes Auchenipteridae*
Ageneiosus ucayalensis	-	-	32.6	21.1	0.54	3.45	-	-	1.18	3		480	1
Ageneiosus inermis	2.36	-	73.7	43.9	0.25	1.61	0.078-1.163	0.158-2.360	0.57			553	1
Auchenipterichthys longimanus	1.19	18.86	25.2	16.8	-	-	-	-			34	34
Auchenipterus nuchalis	-	-	25.3	16.8	0.83	2.51	-	-	1.71	3		405
Centromochlus schultzi	2.65	24.14	14.7	10.3	-	-	-	-			21	93
Centromochlus heckelii	-	-	18.0	12.4	0.80	2.11	-	-	1.84	2.5		318
Tocantinsia piresi	1.29	18.24	61.0	37.1	0.34	1.99	-	-	0.75			489
*Doradidae*
Hassar orestis	1.49	18.83	24.0	16.0	0.88	1.87	0.012	0.021	1.80	1.8	30	538
*Loricariidae*
Baryancistrus niveatus	-	-	40.0	25.4	0.46	1.36	-	-	1.02			219
Loricaria cataphracta	1.45	34.05	39.0	24.8	0.49	1.98	-	-	1.07	3.5	11	728
*Pimelodidae*
Pseudoplatystoma punctifer	1.75	6.90	130.0	73.1	-	-	0.036-0.590	-			10	10	1
Phractocephalus hemilioterus	-	5.70	140.0	78.2	0.30	0.85	0.004	0.010			15	15	1
Brachyplatystoma filamentosum	-	-	190.0	102.8	-	-	0.154	-	0.51			14	1

Variável	AR	Q/B	L_∞ (cm)	L_m (cm)	K (ano^-1)	P/B	B₁ (Kg.ha^-1)	B₍₂₎ (Kg.ha^-1)	M	Age
AR	1.00
Q/B	0.34	1.00
L_∞ (cm)	0.39	-0.62	1.00
L_m (cm)	0.39	-0.61	1.00	1.00
K (ano^-1)	-0.65	0.30	-0.83	-0.84	1.00
P/B	-0.28	0.56	-0.66	-0.66	0.52	1.00
B₁ (Kg.ha^-1)	-0.38	-0.42	0.12	0.13	-0.08	0.03	1.00
B₂ (Kg.ha^-1)	-0.09	-0.24	0.09	0.11	-0.16	-0.07	0.87	1.00
M	-0.60	0.36	-0.85	-0.86	0.99	0.59	-0.15	-0.22	1.00
Age	0.55	-0.43	0.87	0.86	-0.81	-0.72	-0.08	0.07	-0.82	1.00

Species	Biomass (kg.ha^-1)
Species	(wet / dry) MERONA	( wet / dry ) CADIMA
Ageneiosus inermis	0.078 / 1.163	0.158 / 2.364
Argonectes robertsi	0.000 / 0.012	0.001 / 0.033
Boulengerella cuvieri	/ 0.036	/ 0.084
Brachyplatystoma filamentosum	/ 0.154
Brycon falcatus	/ 0.130
Cichla melaniae	4.746 / 4.530	7.466 / 7.126
Different minor species	4.866 / 0.205
Geophagus altifrons	/ 0.202	/ 0.347
Hassar orestis	/ 0.012	/ 0.021
Hemiodus unimaculatus	0.000 / 0.021	0.000 / 0.021
Hoplias macrophthalmus	0.128 / 0.303
Hoplias malabaricus	/ 0.094
Hydrolycus armatus	/ 0.028	/ 0.156
Leporinus sp. “verde”	0.040 / 0.445	0.064 / 0.703
Lithodoras dorsalis	/ 0.005
Myleus rhomboidalis	/ 0.082	/ 0.178
Myleus schomburgki	/ 0.026	/ 0.030
Myleus torquatus	2.447 / 3.228	4.700 / 6.142
Pachyurus junki	/ 0.191	/ 0.416
Phractocephalus hemiliopterus	/ 0.004
Pinirampus pirinampu	0.000 / 0.005
Plagioscion squamosissimus	3.377 / 5.061	8.430 / 12.64
Prochilodus nigricans	0.256 / 1.561	0.813 / 4.958
Semaprochilodus brama	0.303 / 0.071	0.630 / 0.148
Serrasalmus manueli	/ 0.010	/ 0.026
Sorubim lima	0.036 / 0.590
Mean total biomass	18.86	22.2-35.4

Species	Z	M	F	Yield (ton. year^-1)	B_c Total (ton. ha^-1)	B_c (ton. ha^-1)
Ageneiosus inermis	1.61	0.57	1.04	65.09	62.59	0
Argonectes robertsi	1.18	0.99	0.19	18.2	95.79	0
Brachyplatystoma filamentosum	1.02	0.51	0.51	55.33	108.49	0
Cichla melaniae	2.08	0.97	1.11	207.22	186.68	0
Geophagus altifrons	1.91	1.68	0.23	30.68	133.37	0
Hemiodus unimaculatus	3.25	1.44	1.81	25.27	13.96	0
Hydrolycus armatus	0.58	0.39	0.19	11.72	61.69	0
Myleus setiger	1.73	1.38	0.35	112.81	322.3	0
Myleus rhomboidalis	1.51	1.05	0.46	35.06	76.23	0
Myleus schomburgki	2.89	1.17	1.72	8.37	4.87	0
Myleus torquatus	1.71	0.97	0.74	53.43	72.2	0
Pachyurus junki	1.5	1.33	0.17	21.15	124.4	0
Phractocephalus hemiliopterus	0.85	0.43	0.42	13.72	32.67	0
Plagioscion squamosissimus	1.31	0.84	0.47	150.36	319.91	0
Prochilodus nigricans	1.03	0.77	0.26	55.65	214.04	0
Semaprochilodus brama	1.57	0.71	0.86	101.56	118.1	0
Serrasalmus manueli	1.25	1.18	0.07	14.56	208	0
Tometes sp. “Xingu”	1.16	0.98	0.18	70.98	394.33	0.01
Total				1051.15		0.039

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