Abutilon theophrasti Medik.(CM 107) |
Malvaceae |
Pataer |
Herb |
L, R |
Jul-Aug |
45 |
0.55 |
0.26 |
84.4 |
Ophthalmic, emollient, laxative, ulcer, demulcent, antipyretic, diuretic, stomachic, dysentery (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.) |
Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC (CM 11) |
Leguminosae |
Sikakai |
Shrub |
F, L, B |
Sep-Oct |
21 |
0.25 |
0.35 |
62.5 |
Expectorant, hair tonic, antimalarial (Akram et al., 2014AKRAM, M., HAMID, A., KHALIL, A., GHAFFAR, A., TAYYABA, N., SAEED, A., ALI, M. and NAVEED, A., 2014. Review on medicinal uses, pharmacological, phytochemistry and immunomodulatory activity of plants. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 313-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463201402700301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03946320140270...
), skin uses (Sharma et al., 2003SHARMA, L., AGARWAL, G. and KUMAR, A., 2003. Medicinal plants for skin and hair care. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 62-68.) |
Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile (CM 114) |
Leguminosae |
Kikar |
Tree |
B, G, L, Sd |
Mar-May |
12 |
0.14 |
0.17 |
71.9 |
Astringent, diarrhea, dysentery (Saqib et al., 2014SAQIB, Z., MAHMOOD, A., NASEEM MALIK, R., MAHMOOD, A., HUSSIAN SYED, J. and AHMAD, T., 2014. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants in Kotli Sattian, Rawalpindi district, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 820-828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.034. PMid:24286963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11....
), expectorant (Ahmad et al., 2013AHMAD, K., AHMAD, M. and WECKERLE, C., 2013. Ethnobotanical studies of the eastern plains of Takht-e-Sulaiman hills. Pakistan Journal of Botany, vol. 45, pp. 197-205.), toothache (Marwat, 2008MARWAT, S.K., 2008. Ethnophytomedicines for treatment of various diseases in DI Khan district. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, vol. 24, pp. 293-303.), aphrodisiac, gonorrhea (Llah et al., 2014LLAH, S., RASHID KHAN, M., ALI SHAH, N., AFZAL SHAH, S., MAJID, M. and ASAD FAROOQ, M., 2014. Ethnomedicinal plant use value in the Lakki Marwat District of Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 158, no. Pt A, pp. 412-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.048. PMid:25448507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09....
), gingivitis (Marwat, 2008MARWAT, S.K., 2008. Ethnophytomedicines for treatment of various diseases in DI Khan district. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, vol. 24, pp. 293-303.) |
Achyranthes aspera L. (CM 18) |
Amaranthaceae |
Puthkanda |
Shrub |
WP |
Jul-Sep |
7 |
0.086 |
0.09 |
75 |
Blood purifier, cough (Saqib et al., 2014SAQIB, Z., MAHMOOD, A., NASEEM MALIK, R., MAHMOOD, A., HUSSIAN SYED, J. and AHMAD, T., 2014. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants in Kotli Sattian, Rawalpindi district, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 820-828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.034. PMid:24286963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11....
), expectorant (Qureshi et al., 2010QURESHI, R., BHATTI, G.R. and MEMON, R.A., 2010. Ethnomedicinal uses of herbs from northern part of Nara desert, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, vol. 42, pp. 839-851.), wounds (Llah et al., 2014LLAH, S., RASHID KHAN, M., ALI SHAH, N., AFZAL SHAH, S., MAJID, M. and ASAD FAROOQ, M., 2014. Ethnomedicinal plant use value in the Lakki Marwat District of Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 158, no. Pt A, pp. 412-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.048. PMid:25448507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09....
) |
Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult (CM 119) |
Amaranthaceae |
Kandyari |
Herb |
F, |
Sep-Dec |
5 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
78.1 |
Cold, antitussive, antipyretic, ulcers, anti-inflammatory, stomach problems (Llah et al., 2014LLAH, S., RASHID KHAN, M., ALI SHAH, N., AFZAL SHAH, S., MAJID, M. and ASAD FAROOQ, M., 2014. Ethnomedicinal plant use value in the Lakki Marwat District of Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 158, no. Pt A, pp. 412-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.048. PMid:25448507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09....
), toothache (Qureshi et al., 2010QURESHI, R., BHATTI, G.R. and MEMON, R.A., 2010. Ethnomedicinal uses of herbs from northern part of Nara desert, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, vol. 42, pp. 839-851.), wounds (Marwat, 2008MARWAT, S.K., 2008. Ethnophytomedicines for treatment of various diseases in DI Khan district. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, vol. 24, pp. 293-303.), |
Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. (CM 139) |
Compositae |
Bandotan,Sumatra |
Herb |
R, L, Fw |
Jul-Sep |
11 |
0.13 |
0.16 |
75 |
Scabies, bruises, Antilithic (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.), leprosy, cuts and wounds (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.) |
Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (CM 146) |
Xanthorrhoeaceae |
Kawargandal |
Herb |
Lx |
May-Jun |
45 |
0.55 |
0.09 |
100 |
Stomach ache, tonic, cathartic, stomachic, dressing for boils (Llah et al., 2014LLAH, S., RASHID KHAN, M., ALI SHAH, N., AFZAL SHAH, S., MAJID, M. and ASAD FAROOQ, M., 2014. Ethnomedicinal plant use value in the Lakki Marwat District of Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 158, no. Pt A, pp. 412-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.048. PMid:25448507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09....
) |
Anagallis arvensis L.(CM 66) |
Primulaceae |
Balchar |
Herb |
L |
May-Aug |
60 |
0.74 |
0.95 |
90.6 |
Cholagogue, nervine, antitussive, skin infection, purgative, stimulant, vulnerary, epilepsy, expectorant, diuretic (Amjad, 2015AMJAD, M.S., 2015. Ethnobotanical profiling and floristic diversity of Bana Valley, Kotli (Azad Jammu and Kashmir), Pakistan. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 292-299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(15)30348-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(15)...
), warts (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.) |
Azadirachta indica A.Juss.(CM 73) |
Meliaceae |
Neem |
Tree |
L, Fw, Sd, Tw |
Apr-May |
58 |
0.71 |
0.90 |
100 |
Ear ache, leprosy, mouth dryness, hemorrhoids, Scabies (Qureshi et al., 2011QURESHI, R., MAQSOOD, M., ARSHAD, C.A. and CHAUDHRY, A.K., 2011. Ethnomedicinal uses of plants by the people of Kadhi areas of Khushab, Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, vol. 43, pp. 121-133.), rashes (Llah et al., 2014LLAH, S., RASHID KHAN, M., ALI SHAH, N., AFZAL SHAH, S., MAJID, M. and ASAD FAROOQ, M., 2014. Ethnomedicinal plant use value in the Lakki Marwat District of Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 158, no. Pt A, pp. 412-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.048. PMid:25448507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09....
), antipyretic (Biswas et al., 2002BISWAS, K., CHATTOPADHYAY, I., BANERJEE, R.K. and BANDYOPADHYAY, U., 2002. Biological activities and medicinal properties of neem (Azadirachta indica). Current Science, vol. 82, pp. 1336-1345.) |
Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand.(CM 82) |
Apocynaceae |
Akk |
Shrub |
WP |
Mar-Oct |
63 |
0.77 |
0.87 |
81.2 |
Cholera, toothache (Shah et al., 2013SHAH, A., MARWAT, S.K., GOHAR, F., KHAN, A., BHATTI, K.H., AMIN, M., DIN, N.U., AHMAD, M. and ZAFAR, M., 2013. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of semi-tribal area of Makerwal & Gulla Khel (lying between Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab Provinces), Pakistan. American Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 4, no. 01, pp. 98-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.41015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.4101...
), cough (Kamal et al., 2009KAMAL, M., WAZIR, S.M., HASSAN, M., SUBHAN, M., KHAN, S., MUHAMMAD, A. and TAJ, S., 2009. Ethnobotanically important plants of district Bannu, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 15, pp. 87-93.), vermifuge, stomach disease (Iqbal et al., 2005IQBAL, Z., LATEEF, M., JABBAR, A., MUHAMMAD, G. and KHAN, M.N., 2005. Anthelmintic activity of Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. F. flowers in sheep. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 102, no. 2, pp. 256-261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.022. PMid:16085379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.06....
) |
Cannabis sativa L. (CM 171) |
Cannabaceae |
Bhang |
Herb |
WP |
Jul |
71 |
0.87 |
0.95 |
100 |
Tetanus, stomachic, whooping cough, Diarrhea (Mahmood et al., 2013MAHMOOD, A., MAHMOOD, A., MALIK, R.N. and SHINWARI, Z.K., 2013. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants from Gujranwala district, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 148, no. 2, pp. 714-723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.035. PMid:23707336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05....
) |
Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. (CM 190) |
Capparaceae |
Karrir, Karail |
Shrub |
AP |
Mar-Apr |
62 |
0.76 |
0.79 |
87.5 |
Arthritis, dropsy, anemia, memory supplement, gout, diuretic, back ache, general tonic, rheumatism (Marwat, 2008MARWAT, S.K., 2008. Ethnophytomedicines for treatment of various diseases in DI Khan district. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, vol. 24, pp. 293-303.) |
Carissa carandas L. (CM 128) |
Apocynaceae |
Karonda |
Shrub |
R, F, L |
Jan-Apr |
57 |
0.70 |
0.79 |
68.75 |
Digestive, dysentery, emphysematous
|
Cassia fistula L. (CM 184) |
Leguminosae |
Amaltas |
Tree |
L, Fw, F |
Mar-May |
60 |
0.74 |
0.76 |
90.6 |
Boils, cathartic, antipyretic, Expectorant (Marwat, 2008MARWAT, S.K., 2008. Ethnophytomedicines for treatment of various diseases in DI Khan district. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, vol. 24, pp. 293-303.), gastric problems (Kamal et al., 2009KAMAL, M., WAZIR, S.M., HASSAN, M., SUBHAN, M., KHAN, S., MUHAMMAD, A. and TAJ, S., 2009. Ethnobotanically important plants of district Bannu, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 15, pp. 87-93.), |
Chenopodium album L.(CM 53) |
Amaranthaceae |
Bathu |
Herb |
WP |
Jan-Apr |
49 |
0.60 |
0.73 |
96.8 |
Hemorrhoids, snake repellent (venom antidote), cardiac disorder, pepticulcer (Mahmood et al., 2013MAHMOOD, A., MAHMOOD, A., MALIK, R.N. and SHINWARI, Z.K., 2013. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants from Gujranwala district, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 148, no. 2, pp. 714-723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.035. PMid:23707336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05....
), dyspepsia (Ahmed et al., 2014AHMED, N., MAHMOOD, A., MAHMOOD, A., TAHIR, S., BANO, A., MALIK, R.N., HASSAN, S. and ISHTIAQ, M., 2014. Relative importance of indigenous medicinal plants from Layyah district, Punjab Province, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 155, no. 1, pp. 509-523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.052. PMid:24942673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05....
), helminthiasis (vermifuge) (Sahreen et al., 2013SAHREEN, S., KHAN, M.R., KHAN, R.A. and SHAH, N.A., 2013. Estimation of flavoniods, antimicrobial, antitumor and anticancer activity of Carissa opaca fruits. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-372. PMid:24373124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-3...
), seminal weakness (Mahmood et al., 2013MAHMOOD, A., MAHMOOD, A., MALIK, R.N. and SHINWARI, Z.K., 2013. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants from Gujranwala district, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 148, no. 2, pp. 714-723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.035. PMid:23707336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05....
) |
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (CM 105) |
Compositae |
Bhurbhur,Leh |
Herb |
R, L |
Jul-Sep |
64 |
0.79 |
0.88 |
96.8 |
Toothache, cardio tonic, Astringent, hepatotonic, antiphlogistic, diuretic (Rehman et al., 2015REHMAN, K., MASHWANI, Z.U., KHAN, M.A., ULLAH, Z. and CHAUDHARY, H.J., 2015. An ethno botanical perspective of traditional medicinal plants from the Khattak tribe of Chonthra Karak, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 165, pp. 251-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.035. PMid:25732837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.02....
) |
Cirsium horridulum Michx.(CM 89)
|
Compositae |
Baramdandi |
Herb |
L, R |
Annual |
13 |
0.16 |
0.18 |
46.8 |
General tonic, neuro tonic, blood purifier, typhoid fever, astringent, wounds, urticaria, warts, shivers, chest and throat infections
|
Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (CM 60) |
Rutaceae |
Neboo |
Tree |
F |
Aug-Nov |
8 |
0.09 |
0.11 |
93.75 |
Inflammation, malaria, cardio tonic, cholera, antiemetic, antidiarrhoeal, antifungal, hyperpigmentation due to anemia (Ahmed et al., 2014AHMED, N., MAHMOOD, A., MAHMOOD, A., TAHIR, S., BANO, A., MALIK, R.N., HASSAN, S. and ISHTIAQ, M., 2014. Relative importance of indigenous medicinal plants from Layyah district, Punjab Province, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 155, no. 1, pp. 509-523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.052. PMid:24942673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05....
), |
Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. (CM 129) |
Rutaceae |
Narangi |
Tree |
F |
Spring |
16 |
0.19 |
0.21 |
65.62 |
Refrigerant, relives hallucinations, skin toner, antiemetic, carminative, abdominal cramps, diarrhea (Arias and Ramón-Laca, 2005ARIAS, B.A. and RAMÓN-LACA, L., 2005. Pharmacological properties of citrus and their ancient and medieval uses in the Mediterranean region. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 97, no. 1, pp. 89-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.10.019. PMid:15652281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.10....
) |
Citrus paradisi Macfad. (CM 04) |
Rutaceae |
Chakotra |
Tree |
F |
Spring |
62 |
0.76 |
0.86 |
87.5 |
Cholecystitis, skin toner, carminative, abdominal pain, diarrhea, cardio tonic (Díaz‐Juárez et al., 2009DÍAZ‐JUÁREZ, J., TENORIO‐LÓPEZ, F., ZARCO‐OLVERA, G., VALLE-MONDRAGÓN, L.D., TORRES-NARVÁEZ, J.C. and PASTELÍN-HERNÁNDEZ, G., 2009. Effect of Citrus paradisi extract and juice on arterial pressure both in vitro and in vivo. Phytotherapy Research, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 948-954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2680. PMid:19153985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2680...
) |
Cleome viscosa L. (CM 12) |
Cleomaceae |
Hulhul |
Herb |
Sd |
Throughout year |
39 |
0.48 |
0.52 |
78.12 |
Tetanus, muscle relaxant, vermifuge (Williams et al., 2003WILLIAMS, L., VASQUES, E., REID, W., PORTER, R. and KRAUS, W., 2003. Biological activities of an extract from Cleome viscosa L. (Capparaceae). Naturwissenschaften, vol. 90, no. 10, pp. 468-472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-003-0460-1. PMid:14564407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-003-046...
) |
Convolvulus arvensis L.(CM 26) |
Convolvulaceae |
Hirankhari |
Herb |
WP |
Jun-Sep |
54 |
0.66 |
0.73 |
81.25 |
Rashes, wounds, scabies, bloodpurifier (Marwat, 2008MARWAT, S.K., 2008. Ethnophytomedicines for treatment of various diseases in DI Khan district. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, vol. 24, pp. 293-303.) |
Conyza boelckei Cabrera (CM 35)
|
Compositae |
Namkenbooti |
Herb |
WP |
Feb -Nov |
63 |
0.77 |
0.87 |
87.3 |
Astringent, diuretic, tonic, antifungal, dermatitis
|
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist (CM 103) |
Compositae |
Giddarbuti |
Herb |
WP |
Jun-Oct |
27 |
0.33 |
0.44 |
90.6 |
Insecticide, balsamic, styptic, vermifuge, bloody hemorrhoids, tonsillitis, emmanagogue, dysmenorrhea, dysentery, diarrhea (Ishtiaq et al., 2012ISHTIAQ, M., MUMTAZ, A.S., HUSSAIN, T. and GHANI, A., 2012. Medicinal plant diversity in the flora of Leepa Valley, Muzaffarabad (AJK), Pakistan. African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 11, pp. 3087-3098.), astringent, diuretic (Saqib et al., 2014SAQIB, Z., MAHMOOD, A., NASEEM MALIK, R., MAHMOOD, A., HUSSIAN SYED, J. and AHMAD, T., 2014. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants in Kotli Sattian, Rawalpindi district, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 820-828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.034. PMid:24286963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11....
), antirheumatic (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.) |
Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. (CM 123) |
Brassicaceae |
Thandibooti, Halon |
Herb |
L, Sd |
Jul-Sep |
67 |
0.82 |
0.84 |
56.25 |
Hiccups, asthma, expectorant (Souza et al., 2004SOUZA, G.C., HAAS, A., VON POSER, G., SCHAPOVAL, E. and ELISABETSKY, E., 2004. Ethnopharmacological studies of antimicrobial remedies in the south of Brazil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 135-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.039. PMid:14698521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.09....
) |
Crateva religiosa G.Forst. (CM 88) |
Capparaceae |
Barna |
Tree |
L, Tw |
Mid summer |
8 |
0.09 |
0.11 |
65.6 |
Renal disorder, tuberculosis (Souza et al., 2004SOUZA, G.C., HAAS, A., VON POSER, G., SCHAPOVAL, E. and ELISABETSKY, E., 2004. Ethnopharmacological studies of antimicrobial remedies in the south of Brazil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 135-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.039. PMid:14698521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.09....
) |
Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pars. (CM 118) |
Poaceae |
Chhabar, Humrikbooti |
Grass |
R, L |
Aug-Oct |
27 |
0.33 |
0.38 |
93.8 |
Antiseptic, dysentery, convulsions, cough, cramps, epilepsy, headache, kidney stones, snake bite, sore,astringent, hemorrhoids, aperient (constipation), demulcent, emollient, vulnerary, hysteria, diuretic, diarrhea (Qureshi et al., 2010QURESHI, R., BHATTI, G.R. and MEMON, R.A., 2010. Ethnomedicinal uses of herbs from northern part of Nara desert, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, vol. 42, pp. 839-851.), wounds (Saqib et al., 2014SAQIB, Z., MAHMOOD, A., NASEEM MALIK, R., MAHMOOD, A., HUSSIAN SYED, J. and AHMAD, T., 2014. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants in Kotli Sattian, Rawalpindi district, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 820-828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.034. PMid:24286963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11....
) |
Dalbergia sissoo DC. (CM 115) |
Leguminosae |
Shesham |
Tree |
L, B, T |
Apr-May |
12 |
0.14 |
0.16 |
100 |
Blood purifier, rashes, burns, mouth dryness, hair tonic, refrigerant, leprosy (Kamal et al., 2009KAMAL, M., WAZIR, S.M., HASSAN, M., SUBHAN, M., KHAN, S., MUHAMMAD, A. and TAJ, S., 2009. Ethnobotanically important plants of district Bannu, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 15, pp. 87-93.), |
Datura stramonium L. (CM 194) |
Solanaceae |
Dathura |
Herb |
L, F |
Jul-Oct |
16 |
0.19 |
0.23 |
90.6 |
Neuralgia, cathartic, headache, laxative, antispasmodic (Reported in Pakistan but with other uses) (Abbasi et al., 2010ABBASI, A.M., KHAN, M., AHMAD, M., ZAFAR, M., JAHAN, S. and SULTANA, S., 2010. Ethnopharmacological application of medicinal plants to cure skin diseases and in folk cosmetics among the tribal communities of North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 128, no. 2, pp. 322-335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.052. PMid:20138210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.01....
) |
Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf (CM 144) |
Poaceae |
Daabh |
Grass |
L, R |
Jul-Nov |
21 |
0.25 |
0.33 |
87.3 |
Refrigerant, cathartic, prickly heat, hemorrhoids, boils, warts, bleeding nose (epistaxis), menorrhagia, dysentery, diuretic (Ismail and Nisar, 2010ISMAIL, S. and NISAR, M.F., 2010. Ethnomedicinal survey for important plants of district Lodhran, Punjab, Pakistan. BIOL (E-Journal of Life Sciences), vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 52-58.), cholera (Qureshi et al., 2010QURESHI, R., BHATTI, G.R. and MEMON, R.A., 2010. Ethnomedicinal uses of herbs from northern part of Nara desert, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, vol. 42, pp. 839-851.) |
Eucalyptus globulus Labill.(CM 86) |
Myrtaceae |
Sufaida |
Tree |
WP |
Jul-Aug |
49 |
0.59 |
0.64 |
87.3 |
Antiseptic, antiperiodic, stimulant, expectorant, diarrhea, astringent, cough, cold (Ismail and Nisar, 2010ISMAIL, S. and NISAR, M.F., 2010. Ethnomedicinal survey for important plants of district Lodhran, Punjab, Pakistan. BIOL (E-Journal of Life Sciences), vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 52-58.), sorethroats (Mahmood et al., 2013MAHMOOD, A., MAHMOOD, A., MALIK, R.N. and SHINWARI, Z.K., 2013. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants from Gujranwala district, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 148, no. 2, pp. 714-723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.035. PMid:23707336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05....
) |
Euphorbia helioscopia L. (CM 67) |
Euphorbiaceae |
Chhatridodak |
Herb |
Sd |
May-Oct |
53 |
0.65 |
0.69 |
90.6 |
Febrifuge, vermifuge, cholera (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.), anthelmintic, cathartic (Kamal et al., 2009KAMAL, M., WAZIR, S.M., HASSAN, M., SUBHAN, M., KHAN, S., MUHAMMAD, A. and TAJ, S., 2009. Ethnobotanically important plants of district Bannu, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 15, pp. 87-93.) |
Fagonia arabica L.(CM 16) |
Zygophyllaceae |
Dhamasa |
Herb |
AP |
Apr-Jun |
47 |
0.58 |
0.65 |
78.1 |
Antipyretic, blood purifier, wounds, urticaria, expectorant, antiseptic, diuretic, expectorant, astringent, antispasmodic, antiemetic, gingivitis, cough, gastrotonic, wounds, aphrodisiac, hepatotonic, jaundice, aphthae (reported in other country) (Hammiche and Maiza, 2006HAMMICHE, V. and MAIZA, K., 2006. Traditional medicine in Central Sahara: pharmacopoeia of Tassili N’ajjer. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 105, no. 3, pp. 358-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.11.028. PMid:16414225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.11....
) |
Ficus benghalensis L. (CM 37)
|
Moraceae |
Bohar |
Tree |
L, Lx |
Apr-Jul |
58 |
0.71 |
0.86 |
62.5 |
Laxative, wounds, aphrodisiac (Llah et al., 2014LLAH, S., RASHID KHAN, M., ALI SHAH, N., AFZAL SHAH, S., MAJID, M. and ASAD FAROOQ, M., 2014. Ethnomedicinal plant use value in the Lakki Marwat District of Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 158, no. Pt A, pp. 412-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.048. PMid:25448507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09....
) |
Ficus religiosa L.(CM 132) |
Moraceae |
Peppal |
Tree |
Sd, F, B, L, Tw |
Feb |
64 |
0.79 |
0.87 |
43.7 |
Boils, antiemetic ( reported internationally with other studies and uses) (Singh et al., 2011SINGH, D., SINGH, B. and GOEL, R.K., 2011. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Ficus religiosa: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 134, no. 3, pp. 565-583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.046. PMid:21296646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.01....
) |
Fumaria officinalis L.(CM 156) |
Papaveraceae |
Patpapra |
Herb |
WP |
May-Sep |
71 |
0.87 |
0.89 |
84.4 |
Blood purifier, urinary bladder problem, typhoid fever, warts, urticaria, hepatotonic, neurological disorders, stomach disorders, antipyretic (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.) |
Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin.) Blake. (CM 98) |
Compositae |
Roendarpodina |
Herb |
WP |
Mar-May |
66 |
0.81 |
0.89 |
78.1 |
Leucorrhea, jaundice, kidney problems, dysentery, urinogenital problems, toothache (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.), anticancer and internal wounds (Qureshi et al., 2009QURESHI, R.A., GHUFRAN, M.A., GILANI, S.A., YOUSAF, Z., ABBAS, G. and BATOOL, A., 2009. Indigenous medicinal plants used by local women in southern Himalayan regions of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, vol. 41, pp. 19-25.) |
Grewia abutilifolia Vent. ex Juss. (CM 175) |
Malvaceae |
Karnjwa |
Shrub |
WP |
Mar-May |
73 |
0.90 |
0.96 |
96.8 |
Colic, abdominal cramps, carminative, shivers, convulsions, tetanus, anthelmintic, boils, warts (Joshi et al., 1980JOSHI, M., PATEL, M. and MEHTA, P., 1980. Some folk medicines of Dangs, Gujarat state. Bulletin of Medico Ethno Botanical Research, vol. 1, pp. 8-14.) |
Helianthus annuus L.(CM 25) |
Compositae |
Surajmukhi |
Shrub |
F, L |
Jul-Sep |
68 |
0.83 |
0.86 |
81.2 |
Bronchial and lyrrengial problems, migraine, asthma, chronic obstructive disease, expectorant, seasonal fever, diuretic (Mahmood et al., 2013MAHMOOD, A., MAHMOOD, A., MALIK, R.N. and SHINWARI, Z.K., 2013. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants from Gujranwala district, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 148, no. 2, pp. 714-723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.035. PMid:23707336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05....
), hypertension (Ahmed et al., 2014AHMED, N., MAHMOOD, A., MAHMOOD, A., TAHIR, S., BANO, A., MALIK, R.N., HASSAN, S. and ISHTIAQ, M., 2014. Relative importance of indigenous medicinal plants from Layyah district, Punjab Province, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 155, no. 1, pp. 509-523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.052. PMid:24942673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05....
) |
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.(CM 181) |
Malvaceae |
Gharal |
Shrub |
F |
Throughout year |
63 |
0.77 |
1.08 |
93.8 |
Refrigerant, blood purifier, hallucination, cardio tonic (Mahmood et al., 2013MAHMOOD, A., MAHMOOD, A., MALIK, R.N. and SHINWARI, Z.K., 2013. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants from Gujranwala district, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 148, no. 2, pp. 714-723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.035. PMid:23707336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05....
) |
Kalanchoe Pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (CM 172) |
Crassulaceae |
Pathar-chatta |
Herb |
L |
Jun-Sep |
54 |
0.66 |
0.75 |
93.8 |
Purgative, kidney stones, jaundice, cholelithiasis (gall stones), urinary bladder stone, arthritis, inflammation (Pattewar, 2012PATTEWAR, S.V., 2012. Kalanchoe pinnata: phytochemical and pharmacological profile. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, vol. 3, pp. 993.) |
Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke (CM 166) |
Malvaceae |
Jhar, pathakha |
Herb |
AP |
Sep-Oct |
59 |
0.83 |
0.79 |
81.2 |
Inflammation, analgesic, wounds, dysentery (Shah et al., 2013SHAH, A., MARWAT, S.K., GOHAR, F., KHAN, A., BHATTI, K.H., AMIN, M., DIN, N.U., AHMAD, M. and ZAFAR, M., 2013. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of semi-tribal area of Makerwal & Gulla Khel (lying between Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab Provinces), Pakistan. American Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 4, no. 01, pp. 98-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.41015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.4101...
), diaphoretic, sores (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.) |
Mangifera indica L.(CM 191) |
Anacardiaceae |
Aam |
Tree |
F |
Dec-Apr |
62 |
0.76 |
0.83 |
87.3 |
Stomach problem, diarrhea, kidney problem, urinary bladder problem, intestinal problem (Ahmed et al., 2014AHMED, N., MAHMOOD, A., MAHMOOD, A., TAHIR, S., BANO, A., MALIK, R.N., HASSAN, S. and ISHTIAQ, M., 2014. Relative importance of indigenous medicinal plants from Layyah district, Punjab Province, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 155, no. 1, pp. 509-523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.052. PMid:24942673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05....
) |
Melia azedarach L.(CM 77) |
Meliaceae |
Bakain |
Tree |
L, F |
Jun |
58 |
0.71 |
0.78 |
93.8 |
Typhoid, old dry wounds, hemorrhoids, analgesic, blood purifier (Mahmood et al., 2013MAHMOOD, A., MAHMOOD, A., MALIK, R.N. and SHINWARI, Z.K., 2013. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants from Gujranwala district, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 148, no. 2, pp. 714-723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.035. PMid:23707336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05....
) |
Mentha arvensis L.(CM 15) |
Lamiaceae |
Podina |
Herb |
L |
Jul-Sep |
8 |
0.09 |
0.10 |
100 |
Abdominal cramps, mouth freshener, appetizer, dyspepsia, cholera, weight loss, dysmenorrheal, heart burn, carminative (Llah et al., 2014LLAH, S., RASHID KHAN, M., ALI SHAH, N., AFZAL SHAH, S., MAJID, M. and ASAD FAROOQ, M., 2014. Ethnomedicinal plant use value in the Lakki Marwat District of Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 158, no. Pt A, pp. 412-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.048. PMid:25448507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09....
) |
Mimusops elengi L.(CM 133) |
Sapotaceae |
Molseri |
Tree |
B, F |
Mar-Jul |
17 |
0.20 |
0.22 |
93.8 |
Desiccant, headache, cardio tonic, laxative, gingivitis (Baliga et al., 2011BALIGA, M.S., PAI, R.J., BHAT, H.P., PALATTY, P.L. and BOLOOR, R., 2011. Chemistry and medicinal properties of the Bakul (Mimusops elengi Linn): a review. Food Research International, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 1823-1829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.01.063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011...
) |
Morus nigra L.(CM 100) |
Moraceae |
Shehtoot |
Tree |
L,R |
May-Jun |
12 |
0.14 |
0.15 |
96.8 |
Laxative, hypotensive, warts, mouth dryness, refrigerant, blisters, diphtheretis, hoarsen (throat pain) (Saqib et al., 2014SAQIB, Z., MAHMOOD, A., NASEEM MALIK, R., MAHMOOD, A., HUSSIAN SYED, J. and AHMAD, T., 2014. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants in Kotli Sattian, Rawalpindi district, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 820-828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.034. PMid:24286963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11....
) |
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.(CM 22) |
Oleaceae |
Harsinghar |
Shrub |
L, S, Fw |
Jun-Oct |
26 |
0.32 |
0.35 |
100 |
Analgesic, laxative, sciatica, aphrodisiac, cathartic, arthritis, typhoid fever (Saxena et al., 1987SAXENA, R., GUPTA, B., SAXENA, K., SRIVASTAVA, V. and PRASAD, D., 1987. Analgesic, antipyretic and ulcerogenic activity of Nyctanthes arbor tristis leaf extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 193-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(87)90041-9. PMid:3497308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(87)9...
) |
Oxalis corniculata L. (CM 149) |
Oxalidaceae |
Khatibooti |
Herb |
L |
Jun-Sep |
32 |
0.39 |
0.43 |
87.3 |
Analgesic, antiemetic, refrigerant (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.), stomachic (Saqib et al., 2014SAQIB, Z., MAHMOOD, A., NASEEM MALIK, R., MAHMOOD, A., HUSSIAN SYED, J. and AHMAD, T., 2014. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants in Kotli Sattian, Rawalpindi district, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 820-828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.034. PMid:24286963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11....
) |
Parthenium hysterophorus L. (CM 80) |
Compositae |
Gajarbooti |
Herb |
L |
Annual |
68 |
0.83 |
0.91 |
100 |
Regulate menstruation, muscular weakness, backache, warmify liver (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.) |
Peganum harmala L.(CM 180) |
Zygophyllaceae |
Harmal |
Herb |
L, R |
Mar-Apr |
39 |
0.48 |
0.54 |
93.75 |
Digestive, diuretic, uterine stimulant, menstrual problems, epilepsy, mental and nervous illness, vermifuge, hemorrhoids, baldness, rheumatism, anti-parasitic, aphrodisiac (Abu-Irmaileh and Afifi, 2003ABU-IRMAILEH, B.E. and AFIFI, F.U., 2003. Herbal medicine in Jordan with special emphasis on commonly used herbs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 89, no. 2-3, pp. 193-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00283-6. PMid:14611882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)...
) |
Phoenix canariensis hort. ex Chabaud (CM 92) |
Arecaceae |
Kanair |
Tree |
L, Rt |
Summer |
40 |
0.49 |
0.56 |
81.2 |
Anti-inflammatory, hemorrhoids, wound dryness, heals wounds, blood purifier, aphrodisiac
|
Phoenix dactylifera L.(CM 34) |
Arecaceae |
Khajur |
Tree |
Frt |
Apr,May |
55 |
0.67 |
0.82 |
84.4 |
Respiratory disorder, gestrointestinal disturbances, antipyretic, antidiarrhoeal, hepatotonic, antitussive, arthritis, carminative, antacid, general tonic backache (Llah et al., 2014LLAH, S., RASHID KHAN, M., ALI SHAH, N., AFZAL SHAH, S., MAJID, M. and ASAD FAROOQ, M., 2014. Ethnomedicinal plant use value in the Lakki Marwat District of Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 158, no. Pt A, pp. 412-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.048. PMid:25448507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09....
), aphrodisiac (Kamal et al., 2009KAMAL, M., WAZIR, S.M., HASSAN, M., SUBHAN, M., KHAN, S., MUHAMMAD, A. and TAJ, S., 2009. Ethnobotanically important plants of district Bannu, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 15, pp. 87-93.; Zahoor et al., 2009ZAHOOR, M., WAZIR, S., MOHAMMAD, A. and MOHAMMAD, S., 2009. Ethnobotany of some plants from Darra’e Pezo, District Lakki Marwat, Pakistan. Pak J Pl Sci., vol. 15, pp. 75-80.) |
Phyllanthus emblica L. (CM 150) |
Euphorbiaceae |
Amala |
Tree |
Brk, L |
Apr-May |
63 |
0.77 |
0.87 |
93.8 |
Hair tonic, blood purifier, laxative, antidote, antiflatulent, antiemetic, mouth dryness, hemorrhoids, appetizer, neuro tonic, antidiarrhoeal (Krishnaveni and Mirunalini, 2010KRISHNAVENI, M. and MIRUNALINI, S., 2010. Therapeutic potential of Phyllanthus emblica (amla): the ayurvedic wonder. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 93-105. PMid:20506691.) |
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merr(CM 189) |
Leguminosae |
Sukh chain |
Tree |
Sd, L, F, Fw |
Mar-Apr |
7 |
0.08 |
0.08 |
62.5 |
Apthae, skin disease, antisepsis (Ayyanar and Ignacimuthu (2005)AYYANAR, M. and IGNACIMUTHU, S., 2005. Traditional knowledge of kani tribals in Kouthalai of Tirunelveli hills, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 102, no. 2, pp. 246-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.020. PMid:16054791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.06....
|
Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce (CM 120) |
Leguminosae |
Jand, Jhao |
Tree |
Fw, B |
Apr-Aug |
14 |
0.17 |
0.18 |
90.6 |
Scorpion sting, snake bite, cough, cold, Rheumatism (Shah et al., 2013SHAH, A., MARWAT, S.K., GOHAR, F., KHAN, A., BHATTI, K.H., AMIN, M., DIN, N.U., AHMAD, M. and ZAFAR, M., 2013. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of semi-tribal area of Makerwal & Gulla Khel (lying between Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab Provinces), Pakistan. American Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 4, no. 01, pp. 98-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.41015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.4101...
), asthma (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.) |
Psidium guajava L. (CM 14) |
Myrtaceae |
Amrood |
Tree |
B, Fw, Sd |
Spring |
76 |
0.93 |
0.61 |
87.3 |
Hemorrhoids, flu, Dysentery, laxative (Mahmood et al., 2013MAHMOOD, A., MAHMOOD, A., MALIK, R.N. and SHINWARI, Z.K., 2013. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants from Gujranwala district, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 148, no. 2, pp. 714-723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.035. PMid:23707336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05....
) |
Punica granatum L. (CM 32) |
Lythraceae |
Anar |
Tree |
F |
Apr-Jul |
68 |
0.83 |
0.86 |
90.6 |
Antitussive, antiseptic, antibacterial, tuberculosis, refrigerant, dyspepsia, heart burn, strengthens teeth and gums, gingivitis, hepatitis, jaundice, hemorrhoids, cardio tonic (Ahmed et al., 2014AHMED, N., MAHMOOD, A., MAHMOOD, A., TAHIR, S., BANO, A., MALIK, R.N., HASSAN, S. and ISHTIAQ, M., 2014. Relative importance of indigenous medicinal plants from Layyah district, Punjab Province, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 155, no. 1, pp. 509-523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.052. PMid:24942673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05....
), antipyretic (Mahmood et al., 2013MAHMOOD, A., MAHMOOD, A., MALIK, R.N. and SHINWARI, Z.K., 2013. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants from Gujranwala district, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 148, no. 2, pp. 714-723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.035. PMid:23707336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.05....
) |
Ranunculus muricatus L.(CM 40) |
Ranunculaceae |
Sadabahar |
Herb |
WP |
Feb- May |
65 |
0.80 |
0.82 |
90.6 |
Bronchial and laryngeal problems, urticaria, mouth ulcer, diabetes,eye irritations and infections, cold, gingivitis, hypertension (Ahmed et al., 2014AHMED, N., MAHMOOD, A., MAHMOOD, A., TAHIR, S., BANO, A., MALIK, R.N., HASSAN, S. and ISHTIAQ, M., 2014. Relative importance of indigenous medicinal plants from Layyah district, Punjab Province, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 155, no. 1, pp. 509-523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.052. PMid:24942673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05....
) |
Rosa indica L. (CM 177) |
Rosaceae |
Gulab |
Shrub |
B, Fw, L |
Apr-Oct |
62 |
0.76 |
0.79 |
90.6 |
Throat infection, liver tonic,, dysentery, anti-flatulent,, laxative, throat infection, cardio tonic, conjunctivitis (Hussain et al., 2010HUSSAIN, K., NISAR, M.F., MAJEED, A., NAWAZ, K. and BHATTI, K.H., 2010. Ethnomedicinal survey for important plants of Jalalpur Jattan, district Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, vol. 2010, pp. 11.) |
Rumex crispus L. (CM 09) |
Polygonaceae |
Palakbooti |
Herb |
L, Sd, Rt |
Jun-Oct |
58 |
0.71 |
0.72 |
81.2 |
Astringent, sores, ulcer, cholagogue, depurative, hemoptysis, hemorrhoids, diarrhea, wounds, cough, Laxative (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.) |
Saccharum spontaneum L. (CM 45) |
Poaceae |
Kansi |
Grass |
WP |
Sept-Jan |
62 |
0.76 |
0.78 |
100 |
Astringent, emollient, diuretic, aphrodisiac, dyspepsia, piles, gynecological troubles, respiratory problems, refrigerant, heart burn, purgative (Hussain et al., 2008HUSSAIN, K., SHAHAZAD, A. and ZIA-UL-HUSSNAIN, S., 2008. An ethnobotanical survey of important wild medicinal plants of Hattar district Haripur, Pakistan. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, vol. 12, pp. 29-35.) |
Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. (CM 43) |
Sapindaceae |
Retha |
Tree |
Sd |
Jul-Aug |
58 |
0.71 |
0.73 |
46.9 |
Astringent, sores, ulcer, cholagogue, depurative, hemoptysis, hemorrhoids, diarrhea, wounds, cough (Chakraborty et al., 2010CHAKRABORTY, A., AMUDHA, P., GEETHA, M. and SINGH, N., 2010. Evaluation of anxiolytic activity of methanolic extract of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. in mice. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. PS51ref.23.) |
Sesamum indicum L.(CM 55) |
Pedaliaceae |
Til, Kanjnd |
Herb |
Sd, R |
Jul-Sep |
62 |
0.76 |
0.78 |
96.8 |
Aphrodisiac, emollient, diuretic, catarrh, bladder problems, astringent, hemorrhoids, dysentery, cholera, dirrhoea, ulcer, liver and kidney tonic, amenorrhea (Parveen et al., 2007PARVEEN, UPADHYAY, B., ROY, S. and KUMAR, A., 2007. Traditional uses of medicinal plants among the rural communities of Churu district in the Thar Desert, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 113, no. 3, pp. 387-399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.06.010. PMid:17714898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.06....
) |
Sisymbrium irio L. (CM 57) |
Brassicaceae |
Khubkalon, Saggbooti |
Herb |
WP |
Jun-Aug |
64 |
0.79 |
0.82 |
96.8 |
Whooping cough, soother, measles, small pox, antiemetic, antipyretic (Marwat, 2008MARWAT, S.K., 2008. Ethnophytomedicines for treatment of various diseases in DI Khan district. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, vol. 24, pp. 293-303.), |
Solanum melongena L. (CM 63) |
Solanaceae |
Katai |
Herb |
R, L |
Jul-Sep |
74 |
0.91 |
0.92 |
93.8 |
Hypertension, hemorrhoids, antidote, astringent, abscess, hemorrhoids, toothache, urticaria, expectorant, asthma, anti-cholesterol (Lans, 2006LANS, C.A., 2006. Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for urinary problems and diabetes mellitus. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-2-45. PMid:17040567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-2-45...
) |
Sonchus arvensis L. (CM 79)
|
Compositae |
Bhangra |
Herb |
R, L |
Jul-Oct |
63 |
0.77 |
0.85 |
62.5 |
Aphrodisiac, scorpion sting, hair tonic, toothache, strengthens eye sight, hepatotonic, skin disease
|
Sonchus oleraceus L. (CM 96) |
Compositae |
Sadi |
Herb |
Lx, S, G, L, R |
Jun-Aug |
55 |
0.67 |
0.69 |
90.6 |
Amenorrhea, emmanagague, hydrogague, cathartic, hepatotonic, colic, tenesmus, antinflammatory, warts (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.) |
Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (CM 135) |
Caryophyllaceae |
Kafilumba |
Herb |
WP |
Apr-Aug |
63 |
0.77 |
0.85 |
90.6 |
Urticaria, antiemetic, expectorant, astringent, carminative, demulcent, refrigerant, vulnerary, kidney problem, laxative (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.) |
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (CM 140) |
Myrtaceae |
Jaman |
Tree |
F |
Mar-Apr |
58 |
0.81 |
0.79 |
96.8 |
Hepatotonic, antidiarrhoeal, diabetes (Ismail and Nisar, 2010ISMAIL, S. and NISAR, M.F., 2010. Ethnomedicinal survey for important plants of district Lodhran, Punjab, Pakistan. BIOL (E-Journal of Life Sciences), vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 52-58.) |
Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg. (CM 160) |
Compositae |
Bhattar, Kasnijangli |
Herb |
L, R, Lx |
Apr-May |
63 |
0.77 |
0.80 |
87.3 |
Cholagogue, depurative, gall stone, eczema, acne, stomachic, laxatives (Ullah et al., 2013ULLAH, M., KHAN, M.U., MAHMOOD, A., MALIK, R.N., HUSSAIN, M., WAZIR, S.M., DAUD, M. and SHINWARI, Z.K., 2013. An ethnobotanical survey of indigenous medicinal plants in Wana district south Waziristan agency, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 150, no. 3, pp. 918-924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.032. PMid:24120747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.09....
), diuretic (Mahmood et al., 2011bMAHMOOD, A., RIFFAT, N., ZABTA, K. and AQEEL, M., 2011b. Ethnobotanical survey of plants from Neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, vol. 43, pp. 10.), jaundice (Saqib et al., 2014SAQIB, Z., MAHMOOD, A., NASEEM MALIK, R., MAHMOOD, A., HUSSIAN SYED, J. and AHMAD, T., 2014. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants in Kotli Sattian, Rawalpindi district, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 820-828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.034. PMid:24286963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11....
), dyspepsia (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.) |
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. (CM 199) |
Combretaceae |
Arjan |
Tree |
B, L |
Apr-Jul |
64 |
0.79 |
0.80 |
81.2 |
Ear ache, analgesic, cardio-tonic, laxative (Dwivedi, 2007DWIVEDI, S., 2007. Terminalia arjuna Wight & Arn.: a useful drug for cardiovascular disorders. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 114, no. 2, pp. 114-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.003. PMid:17875376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.08....
). |
Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f) Wight & Arn. (CM 125) |
Rhamnaceae |
Desibaer |
Tree |
F, L, Rt |
Jul-Sep |
63 |
0.77 |
0.79 |
84.14 |
Antidiarrhoeal, antiemetic, hemorrhoids, hair tonic, wounds, blood purifier (Ahmad et al., 2014bAHMAD, S.S., ERUM, S., KHAN, S.M., NAWAZ, M. and WAHID, A., 2014b. Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: a traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 20, pp. 1772-1779.) |