Biodegradation of petroleum by bacteria isolated from fishes of Indian Ocean

Ullah, S.; Ali, N.; Dawar, F. U.; Nughman, M.; Rauf, M.; Khattak, M. N. K.; Kim, B. C.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.244703

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 82 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.244703 copy

Biodegradation of petroleum by bacteria isolated from fishes of Indian Ocean

Biodegradação do petróleo por bactérias isoladas de peixes do oceano Índico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In this study, oil degrading bacteria discovered from fish living near the oil ports at Karachi in Pakistan were characterized. The bacteria isolated from skin, gills, and gut in fish could consume crude oil as a source of carbon and energy. Total 36 isolates were tested using Nutrient Agar (NA) and MSA media with different crude oil concentrations (0.2%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, 2%, and 5%) and 4 out of 36 isolates (two Gram positive and two Gram negative bacteria) were selected for further identification. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the isolates are related to Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus flexus, Pseudomonas brenneri and Pseudomonas azotoforman. Oil degrading potential of these bacteria was characterized by GC-MS analysis of degradation of oil components in crude oil as well as engine oil. We found that one (2, 6, 10, 14-Tetramethylpentadecane) out of 42 components in the crude oil was fully eliminated and the other oil components were reduced. In addition, 26 out of 42 oil components in the engine oil, were fully eliminated and the rest were amended. Taken together, these studies identify that B. velezensis, B. flexus, P. brenneri and P. azotoforman have high oil degrading potential, which may be useful for degradation of oil pollutants and other commercial applications.

Keywords:
oil degradation; bacteria; bioremediation; fish; Indian Ocean

S. No.	English Name	Scientific Name	Weight (g)	Length (cm)
1	Sea bream	Sparus aurata	276.3	15.5
2	Red Snapper	Lutjanus campechanus	205	14.3
3	Grouper	Cephalopholi	238.9	14.9
4	Yellow fin seabream	Acanthopagrus latus	289	15.8
5	Indian oil sardine	Sardinella longiceps	836	35.56
6	Saddle grunt 1	Pomadasys maculatus	185.5	11.2
7	Saddle grunt 2	Pomadasys maculatus	173	11
8	Saddle grunt 3	Pomadasys maculatus	182	11.17
9	Saddle grunt 4	Pomadasys maculatus	189	11.23
10	Saddle grunt 5	Pomadasys maculatus	193	12
11	Spotted scat	Scatophagus argus	223.4	9.7

S. No.	Fish English name	No.× 10⁵
		Skin cm^-1				Gills g^-1				Gut g^-1
		a	b	C	Total	a	b	c	Total	a	b	c	Total
1	Sea bream	48	62	58	168	29	33	27	89	21	15	8	44
2	Red Snapper	28	16	24	68	16	18	23	57	5	26	10	41
3	Grouper	3	9	6	18	3	1	4	8	11	2	0	13
4	Yellowfin seabream	41	29	48	118	31	12	46	89	20	17	30	67
5	Indian oil sardine	45	40	44	129	42	18	16	76	37	51	14	102
6	Saddle grunt 1	35	24	30	89	30	36	32	98	19	10	13	42
7	Saddle grunt 2	14	43	31	88	22	26	28	76	9	16	23	48
8	Saddle grunt 3	27	9	32	68	2	9	47	58	22	6	29	57
9	Saddle grunt 4	26	29	37	92	23	41	1	65	14	25	22	61
10	Saddle grunt 5	25	37	16	78	25	17	31	73	28	11	10	49
11	Spotted scat	39	46	38	123	33	15	48	96	20	35	30	85

Isolate	LB broth without Crude oil	LB broth with Crude oil	MS broth without Crude oil	MS broth with Crude oil
G4A (OD at 600 nm)	0.226	0.899	0.506	0.701
G3A (OD at 600 nm)	0.226	0.736	0.710	0.890
G2A (OD at 600 nm)	0.223	0.815	0.850	0.924
L2C (OD at 600 nm)	0.380	0.742	0.710	0.875

Isolate	Optical density at 600 nm
G4A	1.172
G3A	0.610
G2A	0.606
L2C	0.657

Instituto Internacional de Ecologia R. Bento Carlos, 750, 13560-660 São Carlos SP - Brasil, Tel. e Fax: (55 16) 3362-5400 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjb@bjb.com.br

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[1] ^#Equally contributed as first author.