A new species of gall midge associated with Diplopterys pubipetala (A.Juss.) Anderson and Davis (Malpighiaceae) from Altinópolis, São Paulo, Brazil

Clinodiplosis bellum sp. nov. associated with Diplopterys pubipetala (A.Juss.) Anderson and Davis (Malpighiaceae) from Brazil are described. This is the first species of Clinodiplosis described to State of São Paulo and the first formal description of Diplopterys pubipetala (Malpighiaceae) as host plant of Cecidomyiidae species. Description and illustration of the Clinodiplosis bellum sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) are given.


Introduction
The family Cecidomyiidae has more than 6,000 species in five subfamilies Catotrichinae, Lestremiinae, Mycromyiinae, Porricondylinae, and Cecidomyiinae.Cecidomyiinae is the largest subfamily of gall midges, with 595 genera and 4,763 known species.It is organized in four supertribes, one of which is the Cecidomyiidi, organized in 11 tribes.One of these tribes is Clinodiplosini, a cosmopolitan tribe of 193 species organized in 28 genera (Gagné, 2010).In this paper, a new species of Clinodiplosis is described.
Clinodiplosis Kieffer, 1895 is a cosmopolitan genus with 120 species, of which about 23 occur in the Neotropical Region, 17 in Brazil.The mainly habits of Neotropical species is the phytophagy, with some species that cause complex galls in several families of plants as Asteraceae, Labiaceae, Melastomataceae, Moraceae, Orchidaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, and Verbenaceae (Gagné 1994(Gagné , 2010)).
The new species of Clinodiplosis was obtained from conic leaf galls in Diplopterys pubipetala (A.Juss.)Anderson and Davis (Malpighiaceae).D. pubipetala, also known as "cipó-de-pomba" or "tingüi", is a plant species native from Brazil, component of many Brazilian phitogeographic dominions, including Brazilian cerrado (Brazilian savanna).This plant is a liana referred as pioneer with large regeneration capacity on disturbed areas (Pott and Pott, 1986).This is the first report of Clinodiplosis to State of São Paulo and the first formal description of Diplopterys pubipetala (Malpighiaceae) as host plant of Cecidomyiidae species.

Methods
Samples of galls of Diplopterys pubipetala (Malpighiaceae) were collected from March, 2000 to May, 2001 in a natural area of seasonally tropical dry wood, in Altinópolis (21° 1' 26" S, 47° 22' 22" W), State of São Paulo, Brazil.Conic leaf galls of D. pubipetala were sampled and transferred to individual plastic bags, for rearing the adults.Some of the galls were dissected under stereomicroscope to obtain immature.All material was conserved in 70% alcohol and later mounted in slides.Slide mounting technique followed Gagné (1994).The cecidomiid species was identified based on the key of Cecidomyiidae, in Gagné (2009).All types will be deposited at the Museu de Zoologia of the Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP).The plant species was identified by Dra.Olga Kotchekoff-Henriques (Secretaria de Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura Municipal de Ribeirão Preto).

Results
Clinodiplosis Kieffer, 1895.Diagnosis: R5 longer than it and joining C beyond its apex; tarsal claws variable, untoothed or toothed on forelegs, curved on basal third or beyond the midlength, empodia shorter than claws; male cerci may be rectangular or triangular, lobed or non lobed; female ovipositor short or barely protrusible and female cerci separate with two larger setae on apex.
Larva (Figures 12,13).Third instar.Body length, 3,5 mm; maximum width, 1 mm (n=4).Collar segment with two very large papillae without setae in dorsal region; dorsal sclerotized plate occupying pro and mesothorax with a row of setae on superior margin; pleural papillae very well developed and one spiracle each side of the plate (Figure 12).Prothoracic spatula and lateral papillae absent.Terminal segment length, 0.3 mm; maximum width 0.5 mm; round; anus opening in ventral region; terminal segment with four pairs of setose papillae not corniform (one setae long, one median and two short) not placed in lobes (Figure 13).
Holotype: Male, emerged from leaf galls in Diplopterys pubipetala, Brazil, State of São Paulo, Altinópolis.Collection, 15.iii.2000Collection, 15.iii. , emergence, 16.iii.2000Etymology: The specific epithet of is the species is in honor of Maria Isabel Protti de Andrade Balbi (Bel), one of the collectors and very helpful in field and laboratory activities.
Remarks.The main features to distinguish Clinodiplosis bellum sp.nov. of the described species are: larval prothoracic spatula absent, collar segment with two very large papillae without setae in dorsal region; dorsal sclerotized plate occupying pro and mesothorax, lacking central papillae in mesothorax; pleural papillae very well developed in prothorax; terminal segment with four pairs of setose papillae (one setae long, one median and two short) not placed in lobes.Pupal antennal horns serrate all around the edge.

Discussion
All species of neotropical Clinodiplosis with described larva has prothoracic spatula and two groups of three lateral papillae each side.In C.bellum sp.nov.prothoracic spatula and lateral papillae are absent.The remarkable feature in  of small spines in the dorsal abdominal region, differ from the other neotropical species of Clinodiplosis, that has very discrete antennal horns and well developed dorsal spines.The male flagellomeres of C.bellum sp.nov.are tricircumfilar, with loops of equal size, as C. conica Oliveira and Maia, 2008;C. dioidae Maia, 2001;C. melissae Maia, 1993;and C. cearensis Tavares, 1917