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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 83 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.273404 copy

Physiology and production of sugar-apple under water stress and application of proline

Fisiologia e produção de pinheira sob estresse hídrico e aplicação de prolina

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiology and production of sugar-apple as a function of irrigation intervals and foliar application of proline under the conditions of Paraíba’s semi-arid region. A randomized block design was laid out in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with treatments resulting from the combination of four irrigation intervals (1, 4, 8 and 12 days) and two concentrations of proline (0 and 10 mM), with four replicates, and the plot consisted of four usable plants. Increase in irrigation intervals reduced the gas exchange of sugar-apple plants at 298 days after transplanting. Exogenous application of proline at concentration of 10 mM increased contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids and fruit fresh mass in plants grown under 12-day irrigation intervals.

Keywords:
water stress; osmoregulation; Annona squamosa L

Chemical attributes
pH (H₂O)	OM	P	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	H⁺
(1:2.5)	g kg^-1	(mg kg^-1)	...............................................cmol_c kg^-1 .......................................
6.67	15.60	72.30	0.17	0.10	4.37	3.70	0.48	0.04
..........Chemical attributes............				...........................Physical attributes...........................
EC_se	CEC	SAR	ESP	Particle-size fraction (g kg^-1)			Moisture (dag kg^-1)
(dS m^-1)	cmol_c kg^-1	(mmol L^-1)^0.5	%	Sand	Silt	Clay	33.42 kPa¹	1519.5 kPa²
0.46	8.86	0.73	1.13	758.80	197.80	43.40	13.27	4.98

Sources of variation	DF	Mean squares
Sources of variation	DF	Ci		E	Gs	A
Irrigation intervals (INT)	3	5546.4843^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	0.6537^*		0.0229^**	61.9010^**
Linear regression	1	15287.9045^**	1.9096^**		0.0555^**	149.7690^**
Quadratic regression	1	242.0550ns	0.0276^ns		0.0128^**	26.7180^*
Proline (PRO)	1	3669.4602^* * significant at p ≤ 0.05.	0.0612^ns		0.0050^*	3.8920^ns
Interaction (INT × PRO)	3	313.8726^ns	0.1706^ns		0.0003^ns	4.0788^ns
Blocks	3	397.3831^ns	0.2575^ns		0.0025^*	2.3342^ns
Residual	21	509.6595	0.1509		0.0009	3.7831
CV (%)		11.31	12.96		12.92	10.36

Sources of variation	DF	Mean squares
Sources of variation	DF	WUEi	CEi	%EL	%RWC
Irrigation intervals (INT)	3	0.7895ns	0.0001^ns	128.2927^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	82.7886^**
Linear regression	1	1.0023^ns	0.000023^ns	49.1708^* * significant at p ≤ 0.05.	186.0347^**
Quadratic regression	1	1.0907^ns	0.0004^ns	301.2285^**	62.0080^*
Proline (PRO)	1	0.0367^ns	0.0004^ns	69.2487^*	18.4118^ns
Interaction (INT × PRO)	3	0.7952^ns	0.0001^ns	16.3151^ns	9.4041^ns
Blocks	3	1.8658^ns	0.0001^ns	17.4132^ns	3.0382^ns
Residual	21	1.3006	0.0003	12.9178	8.2402
CV (%)		17.93	18.76	12.05	4.07

Sources of variation	DF	Mean squares
Sources of variation	DF	Chl a	Chl b	Chl t	Car
Irrigation intervals (INT)	3	11.1032ns	1.0794^ns	13.7942^ns	0.9692^ns
Linear regression	1	17.7209^ns	1.2757^ns	38.8809^ns	1.6656^ns
Quadratic regression	1	11.1344^ns	1.4403^ns	1.1141^ns	0.0734^ns
Proline (PRO)	1	160.4825^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	6.7243^* * significant at p ≤ 0.05.	106.7589^*	11.1002^**
Interaction (INT × PRO)	3	19.2057^ns	3.3004^*	50.9889^ns	1.4996^ns
Blocks	3	6.4881^ns	0.3257^ns	2.5162^ns	0.6843^ns
Residual	21	9.0141	0.9428	14.5424	1.1281
CV (%)	-	18.87	28.39	19.00	18.26

Sources of variation	DF	Mean squares
Sources of variation	DF	FFM	NFRU
Irrigation intervals (INT)	3	425.8322^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	24.2005^**
Linear regression	1	957.5111^**	0.0015ns
Quadratic regression	1	319.4760^* * significant at p ≤ 0.05.	60.50^**
Proline (PRO)	1	2386.8867^**	3.1250^ns
Interaction (INT × PRO)	3	774.7614^**	4.0260^ns
Blocks	3	295.8257^*	1.0755^ns
Residual	21	72.0729	1.7124
CV (%)		6.25	16.65

Instituto Internacional de Ecologia R. Bento Carlos, 750, 13560-660 São Carlos SP - Brasil, Tel. e Fax: (55 16) 3362-5400 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjb@bjb.com.br

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