Sousa, Sonara de França; Queiroz, Alexandre José de Melo; Figueirêdo, Rossana Maria Feitosa de; Silva, Francilânia Batista da

doi:10.1590/1981-6723.6716

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Brazilian Journal of Food Technology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Food Technol. 20 • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.6716 copy

Rheological behavior of whole and concentrated noni pulp

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Summary

The rheological behaviour of fruit pulps allows one to obtain important information about their flow under distinct conditions and at different stages of the process. Thus the present study aimed to analyse the rheological behaviour of whole noni pulp (Morinda citrifolia L.) and that concentrated to 30 and 50 °Brix. The rheological parameters determined were: shear stress, strain rate and apparent viscosity, using a Brookfield viscometer at rotational speeds of 5 to 200 rpm and temperatures from 5 to 65 °C. Of the models tested, the Mizrahi & Berk model best represented the rheograms of the whole and concentrated noni pulps with the following fittings: R² ≥ 0.8219, X² ≤ 0.1569 and P ≤ 2.26%. The pulps studied presented values for the fluid behaviour index of less than one (n<1), characterizing them as non-Newtonian fluids with pseudoplastic behaviour. The Arrhenius equation can be used to demonstrate the effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity for the whole and 30 ºBrix pulps at all speeds, and for the pulp with 50°Brix preferably at rotational speeds of 5, 10 and 20 rpm.

Keywords:
Morinda citrifolia L.; Pseudoplastic fluid; Apparent viscosity

Modelo	Temp. (°C)	Parâmetros				R²	X²	P (%)
Modelo	Temp. (°C)	K (Pa.s)ⁿ		n		R²	X²	P (%)
Ostwald-de-Waelle (Lei da Potência)	5	1,7462		0,4126		0,9823	0,1066	5,23
	15	1,5281		0,4098		0,9878	0,0563	4,58
	25	1,1728		0,4191		0,9785	0,0691	5,08
	35	1,0128		0,4156		0,9632	0,0849	7,13
	45	0,7465		0,4813		0,9721	0,0696	7,48
	55	0,5659		0,5118		0,9767	0,0469	7,80
	65	0,5780		0,4824		0,9712	0,0448	7,94
Herschel-Bulkley	Temp. (°C)	τ_0H (Pa)	K_H (Pa.s)ⁿ		n_H	R²	X²	P (%)
	5	2,3386	0,3819		0,7212	0,9988	0,0071	0,97
	15	1,8144	0,4401		0,6567	0,9992	0,0039	1,03
	25	1,6227	0,2639		0,7158	0,9932	0,0219	2,49
	35	1,7642	0,1034		0,8820	0,9953	0,0108	2,47
	45	1,4279	0,1034		0,8893	0,9991	0,0022	1,09
	55	1,0911	0,1003		0,8677	0,9969	0,0062	1,96
	65	1,1354	0,0752		0,9025	0,9980	0,0030	1,90
Mizrahi & Berk	Temp. (°C)	K_0M (Pa)	K_M (Pa.s)ⁿ		n_M	R²	X²	P (%)
	5	1,4154	0,2093		0,5105	0,9992	0,0002	0,43
	15	1,2457	0,2434		0,4651	0,9989	0,0002	0,55
	25	1,1492	0,1918		0,4874	0,9949	0,0009	1,25
	35	1,2440	0,0856		0,6275	0,9967	0,0005	0,99
	45	1,1423	0,0773		0,6630	0,9989	0,0002	0,64
	55	0,9673	0,0969		0,6092	0,9976	0,0004	0,91
	65	0,9943	0,0760		0,6398	0,9988	0,0002	0,66

Modelo	Temp. (°C)	Parâmetros				R²	X²	P (%)
Modelo	Temp. (°C)	K (Pa.s)ⁿ		n		R²	X²	P (%)
Ostwald-de-Waelle (Lei da Potência)	5	109,9533		0,1743		0,9942	6,0135	1,16
	15	107,8461		0,1617		0,9990	0,9367	0,46
	25	101,9545		0,1619		0,9984	1,2700	0,53
	35	91,5396		0,1708		0,9964	2,6420	0,86
	45	88,3078		0,1679		0,9984	1,1279	0,62
	55	85,0295		0,1655		0,9976	1,4718	0,78
	65	76,5240		0,1678		0,9950	2,6432	1,11
Herschel-Bulkley	Temp. (°C)	τ_0H (Pa)	K_H (Pa.s)ⁿ		n_H	R²	X²	P (%)
	5	62,4025	52,0335		0,2828	0,9962	3,2285	1,00
	15	27,1862	82,1965		0,1944	0,9985	1,2697	0,58
	25	14,3503	88,4292		0,1782	0,9982	1,4034	0,56
	35	45,4219	49,5925		0,2536	0,9978	1,5459	0,62
	45	25,0980	64,8978		0,2061	0,9986	0,9159	0,50
	55	16,2330	70,2307		0,1868	0,9973	1,6641	0,76
	65	32,5401	47,3535		0,2237	0,9881	6,1717	1,72
Mizrahi & Berk	Temp. (°C)	K_0M (Pa)	K_M (Pa.s)ⁿ		n_M	R²	X²	P (%)
	5	6,5947	4,0689		0,1797	0,9964	0,0047	0,49
	15	6,6453	3,9252		0,1700	0,9967	0,0043	0,44
	25	5,7602	4,4718		0,1526	0,9964	0,0037	0,37
	35	5,8268	3,9132		0,1683	0,9996	0,0026	0,31
	45	5,8820	3,7697		0,1650	0,9961	0,0037	0,39
	55	5,8743	3,5361		0,1699	0,9811	0,0045	0,47
	65	5,9571	3,0910		0,1787	0,9844	0,0171	0,95

Modelo	Temp. (°C)			Parâmetros					R²	X²	P (%)
Modelo	Temp. (°C)			K (Pa.s)ⁿ			n		R²	X²	P (%)
Ostwald-de-Waelle (Lei da Potência)		5			170,8070		0,2463		0,9934	1,3169	1,58
		15			157,5850		0,2442		0,9904	2,3239	1,95
		25			143,1720		0,2477		0,9986	6,7021	2,03
		35			126,6320		0,2803		0,9904	4,4648	2,17
		45			120,2170		0,2944		0,9896	2,1718	2,41
		55			99,2276		0,3236		0,9920	2,8782	2,62
		65			93,1389		0,3292		0,9932	2,5577	2,44
Herschel-Bulkley		Temp. (°C)	τ_0H (Pa)			K_H (Pa.s)ⁿ		n_H	R²	X²	P (%)
		5	135,2241			42,8726		0,5294	0,9559	1,3612	4,54
		15	186,4556			12,2774		0,7740	0,9050	2,7612	7,51
		25	148,5862			21,4693		0,6251	0,9634	4,7081	4,73
		35	145,9619			15,8208		0,7175	0,9444	2,2845	6,96
		45	139,8779			17,0610		0,7039	0,9354	3,1595	8,25
		55	122,0091			10,6340		0,8253	0,9240	3,5332	10,18
		65	93,3784			21,7464		0,6344	0,9630	2,7776	6,71
Mizrahi & Berk		Temp. (°C)	K_0M (Pa)			K_M (Pa.s)ⁿ		n_M	R²	X²	P (%)
		5	7,7514			5,8340		0,2122	0,8219	0,1026	1,63
		15	6,2721			6,6757		0,1839	0,9725	0,1432	1,87
		25	8,4820			4,1541		0,2484	0,9852	0,0709	1,19
		35	7,1918			4,4943		0,2560	0,9821	0,1017	1,84
		45	7,1953			4,2039		0,2813	0,9814	0,1161	1,96
		55	7,3469			3,0324		0,3535	0,9763	0,1569	2,26
		65	6,0305			3,8726		0,2977	0,9790	0,1390	2,18

Velocidade de rotação (rpm)	Temperatura (°C)
Velocidade de rotação (rpm)	5	15	25	35	45	55	65
5	1,666	1,406	1,063	0,928	0,832	0,623	0,611
10	0,946	0,793	0,582	0,551	0,449	0,347	0,338
20	0,564	0,465	0,355	0,315	0,255	0,221	0,212
40	0,355	0,302	0,233	0,196	0,165	0,135	0,131
60	0,284	0,243	0,189	0,152	0,138	0,110	0,104
80	0,240	0,207	0,158	0,127	0,117	0,103	0,090
100	0,209	0,180	0,134	0,111	0,104	0,089	0,079
120	0,188	0,162	0,121	0,102	0,097	0,081	0,075
140	0,176	0,151	0,112	0,095	0,091	0,078	0,070
150	0,172	0,146	0,109	0,093	0,089	0,075	0,069
160	0,168	0,142	0,107	0,090	0,087	0,073	0,066
180	0,158	0,133	0,103	0,088	0,084	0,072	0,066
200	0,153	0,128	0,102	0,087	0,082	0,071	0,064

Velocidade de rotação (rpm)	Temperatura (°C)
Velocidade de rotação (rpm)	5	15	25	35	45	55	65
5	83,909	81,355	72,900	66,350	59,073	53,267	46,117
10	47,223	45,042	40,960	36,703	32,795	29,237	26,479
20	26,915	25,780	23,144	20,828	18,829	16,384	14,883
40	14,663	14,233	12,686	11,393	10,295	9,246	8,539
60	10,398	10,099	9,038	8,071	7,358	6,730	6,097
80	8,412	8,001	7,154	6,478	5,815	5,235	4,816
100	6,930	6,591	6,024	5,434	4,837	4,358	3,965
120	5,973	5,644	5,139	4,721	4,126	3,713	3,380
140	5,299	4,954	4,486	4,119	3,675	3,233	2,947
150	5,074	4,679	4,216	3,872	3,464	3,052	2,794
160	4,828	4,464	4,006	3,677	3,292	2,906	2,663
180	-	4,069	3,638	3,342	3,001	2,666	2,384
200	-	3,687	3,302	3,068	2,724	2,431	2,164

Velocidade de rotação (rpm)	Temperatura (°C)
Velocidade de rotação (rpm)	5	15	25	35	45	55	65
5	182,554	150,48	136,267	133,762	122,128	102,356	94,465
10	109,785	94,338	80,533	78,632	77,298	61,911	54,162
20	64,068	55,856	49,200	44,974	43,638	40,678	35,212
40	38,994	32,810	28,600	28,653	29,340	27,417	24,076
60	29,608	25,942	21,378	21,979	22,340	20,430	18,785
80	23,393	20,426	17,517	17,663	17,816	16,392	14,813
100	20,201	16,800	14,520	15,393	15,519	14,016	12,444
120	17,072	14,586	12,767	13,371	13,665	12,444	11,136
140	15,367	13,046	11,190	12,031	12,149	11,311	9,939
150	14,554	12,310	10,658	11,529	11,548	10,941	9,531
160	13,763	11,703	10,142	10,863	11,003	10,393	9,271
180	12,418	10,514	9,274	9,696	9,855	9,273	8,508
200	11,216	9,606	8,553	8,705	8,832	8,423	7,707

Velocidade de rotação (rpm)		Polpa integral		Polpa com 30°Brix		Polpa com 50°Brix
Velocidade de rotação (rpm)		E_a (kJ g^–1 mol^–1)	R²	E_a (kJ g^–1 mol^–1)	R²	E_a (kJ g^–1 mol^-1)	R²
5	14,0126		0,9067	509,9994	0,9657	1051,4820	0,8961
10	8,0430		0,8993	284,2861	0,9799	658,1432	0,8774
20	4,6474		0,8857	164,9508	0,9775	345,0023	0,9151
40	3,0273		0,9134	85,7802	0,9704	155,2911	0,6162
60	2,4248		0,9134	59,4952	0,9708	120,7846	0,6284
80	1,9797		0,8892	49,3286	0,9859	94,7817	0,7058
100	1,6991		0,8731	40,5524	0,9817	78,7712	0,5477
120	1,4859		0,8588	35,2725	0,9819	59,8505	0,5352
140	1,3632		0,8455	31,5378	0,9902	53,2449	0,4640
150	1,3317		0,8519	30,3037	0,9960	47,9017	0,4246
160	1,3137		0,8534	28,8513	0,9958	43,2658	0,4123
180	1,1898		0,8669	27,0413	0,9970	38,8188	0,4545
200	1,1309		0,8821	24,4689	0,9938	35,9055	0,5360

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[1] *Sonara de França Sousa, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Avenida Aprígio Veloso, 882, CEP: 58429-970, Campina Grande/PB - Brasil, e-mail: sonara_franca@yahoo.com.br