Review: Jatropha curcas L.: morphophysiological and chemical aspects

Summary

Jatropha curcas L. (physic nut) is an oleaginous plant species and the oil extracted from its seeds presents multiple applications for use by local communities, in addition to its potential application in different industrial sectors, amongst which the biodiesel industry, thus constituting one more source of raw materials within the inventory of useful oleaginous species. The morphophysiological and physicochemical aspects are of great importance when there is interest in the prospection of plant species aiming at their domestication and commercial exploitation. The aim of this study was to carry out a review of the state of art concerning J. curcas by compiling studies on its morphophysiological characterization and on the chemical composition of its seeds, thus generating information that could help in the exploitation of the production and cultivation potential of this species, so as to subsidize studies that propitiate this crop and its sustainable commercial exploitation. The morphological knowledge available concerning J. curcas allows for an accurate understanding of its biological cycle. However, physiological studies still need to be developed for a better understanding of its behavior, particularly in terms of storage, the optimum conditions for germination and the production of seedlings, as well as it behavior under adverse conditions, such as excessive sunlight, water restriction and high temperatures, amongst others. The description of the chemical composition, characterization of the toxic compounds and existing anti-nutritional factors in the seed would provide information that could support the production and commercial exploitation of J. curcas. However, animal studies and tests should be carried out to confirm the commercial applications with greater confidence.

Keywords:
Jatropha; Morphology; Physiology; Chemical composition