Insecticides |
Organophosphates |
Acetylcholinesterase inhibition |
Chlorpyrifos |
QuEChERS and GC-MS |
0.01 |
Adeyinka et al., 2022Adeyinka, A., Muco, E., & Pierre, L. (2022). Organophosphates. In E. Homburg & E. Vaupel (Eds.), StatPearls. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing. Online. Retrieved in 2023, January 19, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK49...
; Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Coumaphos |
SPE and LC-MS/MS |
0.1 |
Adeyinka et al., 2022Adeyinka, A., Muco, E., & Pierre, L. (2022). Organophosphates. In E. Homburg & E. Vaupel (Eds.), StatPearls. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing. Online. Retrieved in 2023, January 19, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK49...
; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Dimethoate |
SPE and LC-MS/MS |
0.01 |
Adeyinka et al., 2022Adeyinka, A., Muco, E., & Pierre, L. (2022). Organophosphates. In E. Homburg & E. Vaupel (Eds.), StatPearls. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing. Online. Retrieved in 2023, January 19, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK49...
; Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Malathion |
QuEChERS and GC-MS |
0.05 |
Adeyinka et al., 2022Adeyinka, A., Muco, E., & Pierre, L. (2022). Organophosphates. In E. Homburg & E. Vaupel (Eds.), StatPearls. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing. Online. Retrieved in 2023, January 19, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK49...
; Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Malaoxon |
SLE and GC-TSD |
0.01** |
Adeyinka et al., 2022Adeyinka, A., Muco, E., & Pierre, L. (2022). Organophosphates. In E. Homburg & E. Vaupel (Eds.), StatPearls. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing. Online. Retrieved in 2023, January 19, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK49...
; European Comission, 2022aEuropean Comission (2022a). EU legislation on MRLs. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://ec.europa.eu/food/plants/pesticides/maximum-residue-levels/eu-legislation-mrls_en https://ec.europa.eu/food/plants/pestici...
; Matus et al., 2010Matus, C. F., Vega y León, S., González, G. D., Mario, N. P., & Gutiérrez, T. R. (2010). Determinación de residuos de malatión y malaoxón en mango de las variedades Ataulfo y Tommy Atkins producidos en Chahuites, Oaxaca. Agrociencia, 44(2), 215-223.; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Phosmet |
SPE and LC-MS/MS |
0.05 |
Adeyinka et al., 2022Adeyinka, A., Muco, E., & Pierre, L. (2022). Organophosphates. In E. Homburg & E. Vaupel (Eds.), StatPearls. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing. Online. Retrieved in 2023, January 19, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK49...
; Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Sanchez-Bayo & Goka, 2016Sanchez-Bayo, F., & Goka, K. (2016). Impacts of pesticides on honey bees. In E. D. Chambo (Ed.), Beekeeping and bee conservation: Advances in research (pp. 77-97). London: IntechOpen. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62487 http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62487...
|
Diazinon |
QuEChERS and GC-MS |
0.01 |
Adeyinka et al., 2022Adeyinka, A., Muco, E., & Pierre, L. (2022). Organophosphates. In E. Homburg & E. Vaupel (Eds.), StatPearls. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing. Online. Retrieved in 2023, January 19, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK49...
;Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Sanchez-Bayo & Goka, 2016Sanchez-Bayo, F., & Goka, K. (2016). Impacts of pesticides on honey bees. In E. D. Chambo (Ed.), Beekeeping and bee conservation: Advances in research (pp. 77-97). London: IntechOpen. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62487 http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62487...
|
Pirimiphos-methyl |
QuEChERS and GC-MS |
0.05 |
Adeyinka et al., 2022Adeyinka, A., Muco, E., & Pierre, L. (2022). Organophosphates. In E. Homburg & E. Vaupel (Eds.), StatPearls. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing. Online. Retrieved in 2023, January 19, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK49...
; Sanchez-Bayo & Goka, 2016Sanchez-Bayo, F., & Goka, K. (2016). Impacts of pesticides on honey bees. In E. D. Chambo (Ed.), Beekeeping and bee conservation: Advances in research (pp. 77-97). London: IntechOpen. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62487 http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62487...
|
Quinalphos |
QuEChERS and GC-MS |
0.05 |
Adeyinka et al., 2022Adeyinka, A., Muco, E., & Pierre, L. (2022). Organophosphates. In E. Homburg & E. Vaupel (Eds.), StatPearls. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing. Online. Retrieved in 2023, January 19, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK49...
; Sanchez-Bayo & Goka, 2016Sanchez-Bayo, F., & Goka, K. (2016). Impacts of pesticides on honey bees. In E. D. Chambo (Ed.), Beekeeping and bee conservation: Advances in research (pp. 77-97). London: IntechOpen. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62487 http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62487...
|
Carbamates |
Acetylcholinesterase inhibition |
Pirimicarb |
QuEChERS and GC-MS |
0.05 |
Choi et al., 2020Choi, Y. C., Ng, T. T., Hu, B., Li, R., & Yao, Z. P. (2020). Rapid detection of pesticides in honey by solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 55(2), e4380. PMid:31183930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.4380 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.4380...
; Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Silberman & Taylor, 2022Silberman, J., & Taylor, A. (2022, May 8). Carbamate toxicity. Retrieved in 2023, January 19, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482183/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK48...
|
Pyrethroids |
Alteration of the function of voltage-dependent sodium channels |
Fluvalinate |
QuEChERS and GC-MS |
0.05 |
Chrustek et al., 2018Chrustek, A., Hołyńska-Iwan, I., Dziembowska, I., Bogusiewicz, J., Wróblewski, M., Cwynar, A., & Olszewska-Słonina, D. (2018). Current research on the safety of pyrethroids used as insecticides. Medicina, 54(4), 61. PMid:30344292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina54040061 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina540400...
;Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Erban et al., 2019Erban, T., Vaclavikova, M., Tomesova, D., Halesova, T., & Hubert, J. (2019). Tau-Fluvalinate and other pesticide residues in honey bees before overwintering. Pest Management Science, 75(12), 3245-3251. PMid:30983110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.5446 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.5446...
|
Permethrine |
QuEChERS and GC-MS |
0.01**
|
Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; European Comission, 2022aEuropean Comission (2022a). EU legislation on MRLs. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://ec.europa.eu/food/plants/pesticides/maximum-residue-levels/eu-legislation-mrls_en https://ec.europa.eu/food/plants/pestici...
; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Deltamethrin |
QuEChERS and GC-MS |
0.05 |
Chrustek et al., 2018Chrustek, A., Hołyńska-Iwan, I., Dziembowska, I., Bogusiewicz, J., Wróblewski, M., Cwynar, A., & Olszewska-Słonina, D. (2018). Current research on the safety of pyrethroids used as insecticides. Medicina, 54(4), 61. PMid:30344292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina54040061 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina540400...
; Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Organochlorines |
Alteration of the function of voltage-dependent sodium channels and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission |
Pentachlorophenol |
SPE and LC-MS/MS*
|
0.01**
|
Jayaraj et al., 2016Jayaraj, R., Megha, P., & Sreedev, P. (2016). Organochlorine pesticides, their toxic effects on living organisms and their fate in the environment. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 9(3-4), 90-100. PMid:28652852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intox-2016-0012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intox-2016-001...
; Kraševec et al., 2021Kraševec, I., Nemeček, N., Štamcar, M. L., Cigić, I. K., & Prosen, H. (2021). Non-destructive detection of pentachlorophenol residues in historical wooden objects. Polymers, 13(7), 1052. PMid:33801630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071052...
; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Lindane |
QuEChERS and GC-MS |
0.01 |
Kraševec et al., 2021Kraševec, I., Nemeček, N., Štamcar, M. L., Cigić, I. K., & Prosen, H. (2021). Non-destructive detection of pentachlorophenol residues in historical wooden objects. Polymers, 13(7), 1052. PMid:33801630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071052...
; Sanchez-Bayo & Goka, 2016Sanchez-Bayo, F., & Goka, K. (2016). Impacts of pesticides on honey bees. In E. D. Chambo (Ed.), Beekeeping and bee conservation: Advances in research (pp. 77-97). London: IntechOpen. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62487 http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62487...
|
Organosulfurates |
Inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthase activity, inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation |
Propargite |
QuEChERS and GC-MS |
0.05 |
Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Lewis et al., 2016Lewis, K. A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. J., & Green, A. (2016). An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 22(4), 1050-1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015....
; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Anthranilic diamides |
Alteration of the internal calcium reservoirs causes exhaustion and therefore muscular paralysis of the insect |
Chlorantraniliprole |
SPE and LC-MS/MS |
0.05 |
Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Lewis et al., 2016Lewis, K. A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. J., & Green, A. (2016). An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 22(4), 1050-1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015....
; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Neonicotinoids |
Inhibition of the active site of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) |
Acetamiprid |
SPE and LC-MS/MS |
0.05 |
Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Ihara & Matsuda, 2018Ihara, M., & Matsuda, K. (2018). Neonicotinoids: Molecular mechanisms of action, insights into resistance and impact on pollinators. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 30, 86-92. PMid:30553491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2018.09.009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2018.09...
; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Imidacloprid |
SPE and LC-MS/MS |
0.05 |
Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Ihara & Matsuda, 2018Ihara, M., & Matsuda, K. (2018). Neonicotinoids: Molecular mechanisms of action, insights into resistance and impact on pollinators. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 30, 86-92. PMid:30553491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2018.09.009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2018.09...
; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Dinotefuran |
QuEChERS and LC-DAD*
|
0.01**
|
Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; European Comission, 2022aEuropean Comission (2022a). EU legislation on MRLs. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://ec.europa.eu/food/plants/pesticides/maximum-residue-levels/eu-legislation-mrls_en https://ec.europa.eu/food/plants/pestici...
; Ihara & Matsuda, 2018Ihara, M., & Matsuda, K. (2018). Neonicotinoids: Molecular mechanisms of action, insights into resistance and impact on pollinators. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 30, 86-92. PMid:30553491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2018.09.009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2018.09...
; Rabea et al., 2018Rabea, M. M., Ibrahim, E. S., Elhafny, D., & Bayoumi, M. A. (2018). Determination of Dinotefuran and Thiamethoxam residues in pepper fruits under greenhouse conditions using the QuEChERS Method and HPLC/DAD. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 61(2), 249-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2018.2803.1227 http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2018.2...
; Sanchez-Bayo & Goka, 2016Sanchez-Bayo, F., & Goka, K. (2016). Impacts of pesticides on honey bees. In E. D. Chambo (Ed.), Beekeeping and bee conservation: Advances in research (pp. 77-97). London: IntechOpen. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62487 http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62487...
|
Thiamethoxam |
SPE and LC-MS/MS |
0.05 |
Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Ihara & Matsuda, 2018Ihara, M., & Matsuda, K. (2018). Neonicotinoids: Molecular mechanisms of action, insights into resistance and impact on pollinators. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 30, 86-92. PMid:30553491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2018.09.009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2018.09...
; Sanchez-Bayo & Goka, 2016Sanchez-Bayo, F., & Goka, K. (2016). Impacts of pesticides on honey bees. In E. D. Chambo (Ed.), Beekeeping and bee conservation: Advances in research (pp. 77-97). London: IntechOpen. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62487 http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62487...
|
Clothianidin |
SPE and LC-MS/MS |
0.05 |
Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Ihara & Matsuda, 2018Ihara, M., & Matsuda, K. (2018). Neonicotinoids: Molecular mechanisms of action, insights into resistance and impact on pollinators. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 30, 86-92. PMid:30553491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2018.09.009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2018.09...
; Sanchez-Bayo & Goka, 2016Sanchez-Bayo, F., & Goka, K. (2016). Impacts of pesticides on honey bees. In E. D. Chambo (Ed.), Beekeeping and bee conservation: Advances in research (pp. 77-97). London: IntechOpen. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62487 http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62487...
|
Thiacloprid |
SPE and LC-MS/MS |
0.2 |
Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Ihara & Matsuda, 2018Ihara, M., & Matsuda, K. (2018). Neonicotinoids: Molecular mechanisms of action, insights into resistance and impact on pollinators. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 30, 86-92. PMid:30553491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2018.09.009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2018.09...
; Renaud et al., 2018Renaud, M., Akeju, T., Natal-da-Luz, T., Leston, S., Rosa, J., Ramos, F., Sousa, J. P., & Azevedo-Pereira, H. M. V. S. (2018). Effects of the neonicotinoids acetamiprid and thiacloprid in their commercial formulations on soil fauna. Chemosphere, 194, 85-93. PMid:29197819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.102 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere....
|
Sulfoximines |
Competitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) |
Sulfoxaflor |
QuEChERS and GC-MS*
|
0.05 |
Capela et al., 2022Capela, N., Sarmento, A., Simões, S., Azevedo-Pereira, H. M. V. S., & Sousa, J. P. (2022). Sub-lethal doses of sulfoxaflor impair honey bee homing ability. The Science of the Total Environment, 837, 155710. PMid:35526620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155710 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.20...
; Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Kim et al., 2017Kim, S. W., Rahman, M. M., El-Aty, A. M. A., Kabir, M. H., Na, T. W., Choi, J. H., Shin, H. C., & Shim, J. H. (2017). Simultaneous detection of sulfoxaflor and its metabolites, X11719474 and X11721061, in lettuce using a modified QuEChERS extraction method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomedical Chromatography, 31(6), e3885. PMid:27995654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.3885 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.3885...
; Lewis et al., 2016Lewis, K. A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. J., & Green, A. (2016). An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 22(4), 1050-1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015....
|
Hydrazines |
Antagonist/agonist action on the E20 hormone, essential in the molting and metamorphosis process of some insects |
Methoxyfenozide |
QuEChERS and GC-MS |
0.05 |
Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Lewis et al., 2016Lewis, K. A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. J., & Green, A. (2016). An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 22(4), 1050-1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015....
; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Fungicides |
Phenylamides |
Disruption of fungal nucleic acid synthesis through inhibition of RNA polymerase I |
Benalaxyl |
SPE and LC-MS/MS |
0.05 |
Choi et al., 2020Choi, Y. C., Ng, T. T., Hu, B., Li, R., & Yao, Z. P. (2020). Rapid detection of pesticides in honey by solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 55(2), e4380. PMid:31183930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.4380 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.4380...
; Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Lewis et al., 2016Lewis, K. A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. J., & Green, A. (2016). An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 22(4), 1050-1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015....
|
Benzimidazoles and carbamates |
Inhibition of mitosis and cell division by affecting beta tubulin |
Carbendazim |
SPE and LC-MS/MS |
1 |
Carrasco et al., 2017Carrasco, Z., Renato, I., Lozano, C., Janett (2017). Enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos: Una mirada puntual para el personal de salud. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, 37(3), 95-104.; Lewis et al., 2016Lewis, K. A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. J., & Green, A. (2016). An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 22(4), 1050-1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015....
; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Tiophanate-methyl |
SPE and LC-MS/MS |
1 |
Carrasco et al., 2017Carrasco, Z., Renato, I., Lozano, C., Janett (2017). Enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos: Una mirada puntual para el personal de salud. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, 37(3), 95-104.; Lewis et al., 2016Lewis, K. A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. J., & Green, A. (2016). An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 22(4), 1050-1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015....
; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Strobilurins |
Inhibition of electron transfer in photosynthesis |
Fluoxastrobin |
SLE and LC-DAD*
|
0.05 |
Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Feng et al., 2020Feng, Y., Huang, Y., Zhan, H., Bhatt, P., & Chen, S. (2020). An overview of strobilurin fungicide degradation: Current status and future perspective. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 389. PMid:32226423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00389 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.003...
; Sun et al., 2017Sun, Q., Wang, W., Li, Y., Wen, G., Tang, H., Song, W., & Dong, M. (2017). A novel approach for simultaneous determination of E/Z-fluoxastrobins in vegetables and fruits by UHPLC-DAD. Food Control, 78, 7-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.041 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.201...
; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Pyraclostrobin |
QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS*
|
0.05 |
Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Feng et al., 2020Feng, Y., Huang, Y., Zhan, H., Bhatt, P., & Chen, S. (2020). An overview of strobilurin fungicide degradation: Current status and future perspective. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 389. PMid:32226423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00389 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.003...
; Lin et al., 2022Lin, L., Xu, X., Song, S., Xu, L., Wu, X., Liu, L., Kuang, H., & Xu, C. (2022). A multiplex lateral flow immunochromatography assay for the quantitative detection of pyraclostrobin, myclobutanil, and kresoxim-methyl residues in wheat. Food Chemistry, 377, 131964. PMid:34999457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131964 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.202...
; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Trifloxystrobin |
QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS*
|
0.05 |
Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Feng et al., 2020Feng, Y., Huang, Y., Zhan, H., Bhatt, P., & Chen, S. (2020). An overview of strobilurin fungicide degradation: Current status and future perspective. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 389. PMid:32226423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00389 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.003...
; Luo et al., 2020Luo, X., Qin, X., Liu, Z., Chen, D., Yu, W., Zhang, K., & Hu, D. (2020). Determination, residue and risk assessment of trifloxystrobin, trifloxystrobin acid and tebuconazole in Chinese rice consumption. Biomedical Chromatography, 34(1), e4694. PMid:31465553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.4694 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.4694...
; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Herbicides |
Triazines and derivatives (triazolinones) |
Inhibition of electron transfer in photosynthesis |
Atrazine |
QuEChERS and GC-MS |
0.05 |
Choi et al., 2020Choi, Y. C., Ng, T. T., Hu, B., Li, R., & Yao, Z. P. (2020). Rapid detection of pesticides in honey by solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 55(2), e4380. PMid:31183930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.4380 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.4380...
; Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Grasselli et al., 2018Grasselli, F., Bussolati, S., Ramoni, R., Grolli, S., & Basini, G. (2018). Simazine, a triazine herbicide, disrupts swine granulosa cell functions. Animal Reproduction, 15(1), 3-11. PMid:33365088. http://dx.doi.org/10.21451/1984-3143-2017-AR960 http://dx.doi.org/10.21451/1984-3143-201...
|
Cell membrane disruptor by blocking chlorophyll biosynthesis and inhibiting the enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) |
Carfentrazone-ethyl |
QuEChERS and GC-MS |
0.05 |
Carral, C. L. (2022). Vademécum de productos fitosanitarios y nutricionales. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola.com/vademecum/col https://www.buscador.portaltecnoagricola...
Carral, 2016; Lewis et al., 2016Lewis, K. A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. J., & Green, A. (2016). An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 22(4), 1050-1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015....
; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|
Thidiazole-ureas |
Inhibition of photosynthesis with alteration of photosystem II (PSII) |
Tebuthiuron |
LC-MS/MS*
|
0.01**
|
European Comission, 2022aEuropean Comission (2022a). EU legislation on MRLs. Retrieved in 2022, June 5, from https://ec.europa.eu/food/plants/pesticides/maximum-residue-levels/eu-legislation-mrls_en https://ec.europa.eu/food/plants/pestici...
; Lewis et al., 2016Lewis, K. A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. J., & Green, A. (2016). An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 22(4), 1050-1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015....
; Thomas et al., 2020Thomas, M. C., Flores, F., Kaserzon, S., Reeks, T. A., & Negri, A. P. (2020). Toxicity of the herbicides diuron, propazine, tebuthiuron, and haloxyfop to the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 19592. PMid:33177549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76363-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-763...
; Vargas-Valero et al., 2020Vargas-Valero, A., Reyes-Carrillo, J., Moreno-Reséndez, A., Véliz-Deras, F., Gaspar-Ramírez, O., Rodríguez-Martínez, R. (2020). Residuos de plaguicidas en miel y cera de colonias de abejas de La Comarca Lagunera. Abanico Veterinario, 10(1), 1-16.
|